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Article ; Online: A social-ecological systems perspective on dried fish value chains

Sisir Kanta Pradhan / Prateep Kumar Nayak / Derek Armitage

Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, Vol 4, Iss , Pp 100128- (2022)

2022

Abstract: Small-scale fisheries (SSF) support over 90% of the 120 million people engaged in fisheries globally. Dried fish is an important sub-sector of SSF, which is characterized by declining social, economic, political conditions of people involved in its ... ...

Abstract	Small-scale fisheries (SSF) support over 90% of the 120 million people engaged in fisheries globally. Dried fish is an important sub-sector of SSF, which is characterized by declining social, economic, political conditions of people involved in its production, and the ecosystems they depend on. Dried fish accounts for 12% of the total fish consumption globally but can increase up to 36% in low-income countries. About half of the people involved in dried fish production and marketing are women. The approach taken to analyse dried fish sector has so far followed a narrow subset of commodity chain approaches with a focus on financial value, transmitted in a linear ‘vertical’ fashion across value chain actors. Existing value chain approach fails to factor the non-capital relationships of dried fish that are contingent upon specific histories, ecologies, peoples, places, and the practices. The narrow neoclassical economic perspective of dried fish value chain (DFVC) also impedes appropriate responses to their unique attributes pertaining to social, ecological, institutional interactions across multiple scales. Failure to consider social-ecological system (SES) attributes, its connections and relationships with dried fish value chain not only undermine social wellbeing of upstream actors but also perpetuates social-environmental inequity and injustice. The paper offers a novel SES-oriented DFVC perspective that focuses on social wellbeing of fishers and dried fish workers. The reconceptualisation of structure, conduct and performance of DFVC is done by conducting an interdisciplinary analysis of peer-reviewed literature from SES, value chain and social wellbeing.
Keywords	Dried fish ; Value-chain conduct ; Value-chain performance ; Value-chain structure ; SES attributes ; Wellbeing ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Environmental protection ; TD169-171.8
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Uncovering well-being ecosystem services bundles (WEBs) under conditions of social-ecological change in Brazil

Ana Carolina Esteves. Dias / Derek Armitage / Andrew J. Trant

Ecology and Society, Vol 27, Iss 1, p

2022 Volume 44

Abstract: This research examines the interplay of a 3-dimensional well-being approach of coastal communities and the ecosystem services upon which they depend, and the implications for marine protected area (MPA) governance. We use the concept of well-being ... ...

Abstract	This research examines the interplay of a 3-dimensional well-being approach of coastal communities and the ecosystem services upon which they depend, and the implications for marine protected area (MPA) governance. We use the concept of well-being ecosystem services bundles (WEBs) to refer to the links among ecosystem services and social well-being as experienced by fishing communities adjacent to MPAs. This research combines data from surveys with households (n=59) and three participatory workshops (total participation n=48). We supplement results using insights from a photovoice process with community members (n=15) and participant observation (September 2018-April 2019). We identify key WEBs, social-ecological changes, and their trade-offs and synergies in three coastal communities on the southeast coast of Brazil. In doing so, we examine core WEBs relevant to coastal communities, and the drivers of change that influence these WEBs (e.g., increased tourism, deforestation) and show their dynamism and complexity. Further, we develop a typology to reflect how individuals perceive or experience the interplay among components of WEBs, or the "pathways of interaction" that connect their well-being to ecosystem services. Results reveal three key opportunities for improving MPA governance. First, we show that WEBs play a key role in perceptions of physical and public safety experienced in coastal communities, an insight that is especially relevant to the global south and developing countries due to the inequity-related security issues. Second, trade-offs in tourism are a major area for governance interventions to improve fit to the local context, such as enhancing the well-being of locals as it is shaping local livelihoods, culture, and social relations. Third, we develop a typology that highlights overlooked experiential, observational, and visual contributions of WEBs to well-being that have the potential to reinforce conservation values and stewardship actions in communities affected by MPAs.
Keywords	coastal governance ; community ; marine protected areas ; marine conservation ; small-scale fisheries ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	710
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Resilience Alliance
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Resilience and Administrative Law

Derek Armitage

Ecology and Society, Vol 18, Iss 2, p

2013 Volume 11

Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Resilience Alliance
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Ten bridges on the road to recovering Canada’s endangered species

Daniel Kraus / Stephen Murphy / Derek Armitage

FACETS, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1088-

2021 Volume 1127

Abstract: Wildlife is declining around the world. Many developed nations have enacted legislation on endangered species protection and provide funding for wildlife recovery. Protecting endangered species is also supported by the public and judiciary. Yet, despite ... ...

Abstract	Wildlife is declining around the world. Many developed nations have enacted legislation on endangered species protection and provide funding for wildlife recovery. Protecting endangered species is also supported by the public and judiciary. Yet, despite what appear as enabling conditions, wild species continue to decline. Our paper explores pathways to endangered species recovery by analyzing the barriers that have been identified in Canada, the United States, and Australia. We summarize these findings based on Canada’s Species at Risk Conservation Cycle (assessment, protection, recovery planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation) and then identify 10 “bridges” that could help overcome these barriers and bend our current trajectory of wildlife loss to recovery. These bridges include ecosystem approaches to recovery, building capacity for community co-governance, linking wildlife recovery to ecosystem services, and improving our storytelling about the loss and recovery of wildlife. The focus of our conclusions is the Canadian setting, but our findings can be applied in other national and subnational settings to reverse the decline of wildlife and halt extinction.
Keywords	species at risk act ; biodiversity ; aichi target 12 ; extinction ; Education ; L ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Canadian Science Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Precarious livelihoods

Melissa Marschke / Donovan Campbell / Derek Armitage

People and Nature, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 152-

Examining the intersection of fish work and ecological change in coastal Jamaica

2020 Volume 162

Abstract: Abstract Precarity has not been applied in the context of fisheries‐based work, even as working conditions in fisheries are emerging to be a real issue. There has been limited analysis of fish work outside the media spotlight or how changing ecological ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Precarity has not been applied in the context of fisheries‐based work, even as working conditions in fisheries are emerging to be a real issue. There has been limited analysis of fish work outside the media spotlight or how changing ecological and biophysical conditions (e.g. climate change and its effects) intersect with poor working conditions. We use insights from fieldwork along the southwest coast of Jamaica, to ask the following questions: (a) what does precarity mean for mixed‐gear fishers working in the nearshore context, particularly with reference to working conditions and (b) how do changing ecological and biophysical conditions intersect with working conditions to further influence fisher precarity? Our results highlight how fishing livelihoods in Jamaica are generally precarious because of limited options for fish workers in this sector. Even so, certain fishing activities are far riskier than others – particularly for compressor dive fishers – and that levels of precarity are differentiated by age and fishing gear ownership. A more integrative (or social and ecological) approach to precarity analysis helps characterize and give nuance to fish work operating across time and space, and shows how such work intersects with ecological decline and further drives precarity. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Keywords	ecological decline ; fishing ; Jamaica ; livelihoods ; Precarity ; work ; Human ecology. Anthropogeography ; GF1-900 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	333 ; 300
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Coastal Fishers Livelihood Behaviors and Their Psychosocial Explanations

Evan J. Andrews / Sarah Wolfe / Prateep K. Nayak / Derek Armitage

Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol

Implications for Fisheries Governance in a Changing World

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: This research is a critical examination of the behavioral foundations of livelihood pathways over a 50-year time period in a multispecies fishery in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Fishers make difficult decisions to pursue, enjoy, and protect their ... ...

Abstract	This research is a critical examination of the behavioral foundations of livelihood pathways over a 50-year time period in a multispecies fishery in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Fishers make difficult decisions to pursue, enjoy, and protect their livelihoods in times of change and uncertainty, and the resultant behaviors shape efforts to advance sustainability through coastal and marine fisheries governance. However, there is limited evidence about fishers’ behavioral changes over long time periods, and the psychosocial experiences that underpin them, beyond what is assumed using neoclassical economic and rational choice framings. Our analysis draws on 26 narrative interviews with fishers who have pursued two or more fish species currently or formerly. Fishers were asked about their behavioral responses to change and uncertainty in coastal fisheries across their entire lifetimes. Their narratives highlighted emotional, perceptual, and values-oriented factors that shaped how fishers coped and adapted to change and uncertainty. The contributions to theory and practice are two-fold. First, findings included variation in patterns of fisher behaviors. Those patterns reflected fishers prioritizing and trading-off material or relational well-being. With policy relevance, prioritizations and trade-offs of forms of well-being led to unexpected outcomes for shifting capacity and capitalization for fishers and in fisheries more broadly. Second, findings identified the influence of emotions as forms of subjective well-being. Further, emotions and perceptions functioned as explanatory factors that shaped well-being priorities and trade-offs, and ultimately, behavioral change. Research findings emphasize the need for scientists, policy-makers, and managers to incorporate psychosocial evidence along with social science about fisher behavior into their models, policy processes, and management approaches. Doing so is likely to support efforts to anticipate impacts from behavioral change on capacity and capitalization in ...
Keywords	fisher behavior ; livelihoods ; rapid change ; emotions ; values ; fisheries policy ; Science ; Q ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Network Governance of Land-Sea Social-Ecological Systems in the Lesser Antilles

Pittman, Jeremy / Derek Armitage

Ecological economics. 2019 Mar., v. 157

2019

Abstract: Human activities on land impact coastal-marine systems in the Lesser Antilles. Efforts to address these impacts are constrained by existing top-down and fragmented governance systems. Network governance may help to address land-sea interactions by ... ...

Abstract	Human activities on land impact coastal-marine systems in the Lesser Antilles. Efforts to address these impacts are constrained by existing top-down and fragmented governance systems. Network governance may help to address land-sea interactions by promoting improved co-governance and land-sea integration. However, the conditions for, and processes of, transformations towards network governance in the region are poorly understood. We examine network governance emergence in four case studies from the Lesser Antilles: Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Grenada. We find that governance is currently in transition towards a more networked mode within all the cases. Our results suggest that participation in collaborative projects has played an important role in initiating transitions. Additionally, multilateral agreements, boundary-spanning organizations, and experience with extreme events provide enabling conditions for network governance. Successfully navigating the ongoing transitions towards improved network governance will require (1) facilitating the leadership of central actors and core teams in steering towards network governance and (2) finding ways to appropriately engage the latent capacity of communities and non-state actors in governance networks.
Keywords	anthropogenic activities ; case studies ; environmental impact ; governance ; human communities ; land ; leadership ; marine ecosystems ; Antigua and Barbuda ; Caribbean ; Grenada ; Saint Kitts and Nevis ; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-03
Size	p. 61-70.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	0921-8009
DOI	10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.10.013
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: How does network governance affect social-ecological fit across the land-sea interface? An empirical assessment from the Lesser Antilles

Jeremy Pittman / Derek Armitage

Ecology and Society, Vol 22, Iss 4, p

2017 Volume 5

Abstract: Governance across the land-sea interface presents many challenges related to (1) the engagement of diverse actors and systems of knowledge, (2) the coordinated management of shared ecological resources, and (3) the development of mechanisms to address or ...

Abstract	Governance across the land-sea interface presents many challenges related to (1) the engagement of diverse actors and systems of knowledge, (2) the coordinated management of shared ecological resources, and (3) the development of mechanisms to address or account for biogeochemical (e.g., nutrient flows) and ecological (e.g., species movements) interdependencies between marine and terrestrial systems. If left unaddressed, these challenges can lead to multiple problems of social-ecological fit stemming from governance fragmentation or inattention to various components of land-sea systems. Network governance is hypothesized to address these multiple challenges, yet its specific role in affecting social-ecological fit across the land-sea interface is not well understood. We aim to improve this understanding by examining how network governance affects social-ecological fit across the land-sea interface in two empirical case studies from the Lesser Antilles: Dominica and Saint Lucia. We found that network governance plays a clear role in coordinating management of shared resources and providing capacity to address interactions between ecological entities. Yet, its potential role in engaging diverse actors and addressing, specifically, biogeochemical interactions across the land-sea interface has not been fully realized. Our research suggests that network governance is beneficial, but not sufficient, to improve social-ecological fit across the land-sea interface. Strategically leveraging the network processes (e.g., triadic closure) leading to the existing governance networks could prove useful in addressing the current deficiencies in the networks. Additionally, the interplay between hierarchical and networked modes of governance appears to be a critical issue in determining social-ecological fit at the land-sea interface.
Keywords	land– ; sea interface ; multilevel exponential random graphs ; network governance ; social-ecological fit ; social-ecological networks ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	650 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Resilience Alliance
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Applying a social-ecological well-being approach to enhance opportunities for marine protected area governance

Irene Brueckner-Irwin / Derek Armitage / Simon Courtenay

Ecology and Society, Vol 24, Iss 3, p

2019 Volume 7

Abstract: The design and implementation of ecologically effective marine protected areas (MPAs) are influenced by social acceptance and the impact of MPAs on communities. Integrative analyses of the social and ecological determinants of marine conservation efforts ...

Abstract	The design and implementation of ecologically effective marine protected areas (MPAs) are influenced by social acceptance and the impact of MPAs on communities. Integrative analyses of the social and ecological determinants of marine conservation efforts and MPA networks are lacking but are needed to achieve desired outcomes. We developed and applied a "social-ecological well-being" (SEWB) approach to critically examine the linkages between MPAs and well-being in Southwest New Brunswick (Bay of Fundy, Canada). SEWB is defined as a social-ecological system state in which ecological resilience is sustained, while human needs are met and the quality of life of individuals is maintained. We examined (1) how stakeholders perceive benefits and costs of MPAs in relation to SEWB, and (2) how well-being insights contribute to the effectiveness of MPA governance. Using a qualitative case study approach, we conducted 49 semistructured interviews and 4 focus groups with fishers and other key informants at an existing MPA, as well as at an ecologically and biologically significant area that is a candidate for a future MPA. We identified 15 attributes of SEWB that related to MPAs, such as fishery access, community relations, place identity, and natural capital. Three key governance insights for decision makers emerged from the identification of these attributes: (1) displacement attributable to MPAs has implications across material, relational, subjective, and ecological dimensions; (2) effective collaboration is critical for community support, but perspectives about what constitutes effective collaboration may vary across stakeholder groups; and (3) aspects of MPA design fit poorly with the local context because they do not take social and ecological dynamics into account. Our findings empirically demonstrate the applicability of the SEWB framework, suggest a need to focus more on governance processes and improving fit, and highlight barriers to aligning national and local conservation priorities.
Keywords	bay of fundy ; biodiversity ; conservation ; fisheries ; governance ; marine protected areas ; perceptions ; resilience ; well-being ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	360 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Resilience Alliance
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The impacts of trust, cost and risk on collaboration in environmental governance

Örjan Bodin / Julia Baird / Lisen Schultz / Ryan Plummer / Derek Armitage

People and Nature, Vol 2, Iss 3, Pp 734-

2020 Volume 749

Abstract: Abstract Collaborative approaches to environmental governance are drawing increased interest in research and practice. In this article we investigate the structure and functioning of actor networks engaged in collaboration. We specifically seek to ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Collaborative approaches to environmental governance are drawing increased interest in research and practice. In this article we investigate the structure and functioning of actor networks engaged in collaboration. We specifically seek to advance understanding of how and why collaborative networks are formed as actors engage in addressing two broad classes of collective action problems: coordination and cooperation. It has been proposed that more risk‐prone cooperative problems favour denser and more cohesive bonding network structures, whereas less risky coordination problems favour sparser and more centralized bridging structures. Recent empirical findings, however, cast some doubts on these assumptions. In building on previous work we propose and evaluate a set of propositions in order to remedy these ambiguities. Our propositions build on the assumption that bridging structures could, if actors experience sufficient levels of trust in the collaborative process, adequately support both cooperation and coordination problems. Our empirical investigation of four UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserves gives initial support for our assumptions, and suggests that bridging structures emerge when actors have trust in the collaborative endeavour, and/or when the cost of collaborative failure is deemed low. While caution is warranted due to data limitations, our findings contribute to improved policies and guidelines on how to stimulate and facilitate more effective collaborative approaches to environmental governance. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Keywords	collaborative governance ; environmental studies ; social networks ; social—ecological systems ; UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserves ; Human ecology. Anthropogeography ; GF1-900 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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