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Article ; Online: The sweet side of sex as a biological variable.

Hunter, Carmanah D / Morris, Kaylee M / Derksen, Tahlia / Willis, Lisa M

2023 Volume 33, Issue 5, Page(s) 369–383

Abstract: Glycobiology as a field holds enormous potential for understanding human health and disease. However, few glycobiology studies adequately address the issue of sex differences in biology, which severely limits the conclusions that can be drawn. Numerous ... ...

Abstract	Glycobiology as a field holds enormous potential for understanding human health and disease. However, few glycobiology studies adequately address the issue of sex differences in biology, which severely limits the conclusions that can be drawn. Numerous CAZymes, lectins, and other carbohydrate-associated molecules have the potential to be differentially expressed and regulated with sex, leading to differences in O-GlcNAc, N-glycan branching, fucosylation, sialylation, and proteoglycan structure, among others. Expression of proteins involved in glycosylation is influenced through hormones, miRNA, and gene dosage effects. In this review, we discuss the benefits of incorporating sex-based analysis in glycobiology research and the potential drivers of sex differences. We highlight examples of where incorporation of sex-based analysis has led to insights into glycobiology. Finally, we offer suggestions for how to proceed moving forward, even if the experiments are already complete. Properly incorporating sex based analyses into projects will substantially improve the accuracy and reproducibility of studies as well as accelerate the rate of discovery in the glycosciences.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Glycosylation ; Carbohydrates ; Polysaccharides/chemistry ; Lectins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Carbohydrates ; Polysaccharides ; Lectins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1067689-2
ISSN	1460-2423 ; 0959-6658
ISSN (online)	1460-2423
ISSN	0959-6658
DOI	10.1093/glycob/cwad030
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Article ; Online: Site-specific immobilization of the endosialidase reveals QSOX2 is a novel polysialylated protein.

Hunter, Carmanah / Derksen, Tahlia / Makhsous, Sogand / Doll, Matt / Perez, Samantha Rodriguez / Scott, Nichollas E / Willis, Lisa M

Glycobiology

2024 Volume 34, Issue 5

Abstract: Polysialic acid (polySia) is a linear polymer of α2,8-linked sialic acid residues that is of fundamental biological interest due to its pivotal roles in the regulation of the nervous, immune, and reproductive systems in healthy human adults. PolySia is ... ...

Abstract	Polysialic acid (polySia) is a linear polymer of α2,8-linked sialic acid residues that is of fundamental biological interest due to its pivotal roles in the regulation of the nervous, immune, and reproductive systems in healthy human adults. PolySia is also dysregulated in several chronic diseases, including cancers and mental health disorders. However, the mechanisms underpinning polySia biology in health and disease remain largely unknown. The polySia-specific hydrolase, endoneuraminidase NF (EndoN), and the catalytically inactive polySia lectin EndoNDM, have been extensively used for studying polySia. However, EndoN is heat stable and remains associated with cells after washing. When studying polySia in systems with multiple polysialylated species, the residual EndoN that cannot be removed confounds data interpretation. We developed a strategy for site-specific immobilization of EndoN on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. We showed that immobilizing EndoN allows for effective removal of the enzyme from samples, while retaining hydrolase activity. We used the same strategy to immobilize the polySia lectin EndoNDM, which enabled the enrichment of polysialylated proteins from complex mixtures such as serum for their identification via mass spectrometry. We used this methodology to identify a novel polysialylated protein, QSOX2, which is secreted from the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. This method of site-specific immobilization can be utilized for other enzymes and lectins to yield insight into glycobiology.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Sialic Acids/chemistry ; Neuraminidase/metabolism ; Lectins ; Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors
Chemical Substances	polysialic acid ; endo-N-acetylneuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.-) ; Sialic Acids ; Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) ; Lectins ; QSOX2 protein, human (EC 1.8.3.2) ; Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors (EC 1.8.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1067689-2
ISSN	1460-2423 ; 0959-6658
ISSN (online)	1460-2423
ISSN	0959-6658
DOI	10.1093/glycob/cwae026
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Article: Biosecurity Assessment and Seroprevalence of Respiratory Diseases in Backyard Poultry Flocks Located Close to and Far from Commercial Premises

Derksen, T / M. Pitesky / R. A. Gallardo / R. Hauck / R. Lampron

Avian diseases. 2018 Mar., v. 62, no. 1

2018

Abstract: Raising backyard chickens is an ever-growing hobby in the United States. These flocks can be a substrate for respiratory disease amplification and transmission to commercial facilities. Five hundred fifty-four chickens from 41 backyard flocks were ... ...

Abstract	Raising backyard chickens is an ever-growing hobby in the United States. These flocks can be a substrate for respiratory disease amplification and transmission to commercial facilities. Five hundred fifty-four chickens from 41 backyard flocks were sampled in this study. ELISA kits were used to detect antibodies against avian influenza (AI), infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), Newcastle disease (ND), infectious bronchitis (IB), Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS). All visited flock owners answered a biosecurity questionnaire that assessed biosecurity measures. The questionnaire revealed that backyard poultry owners lack simple biosecurity measures such as use of dedicated shoes, their chicken sources are unreliable, and few of them benefit from veterinary oversight. Only one flock had a clear vaccination history against ND and IB. ORT, ND, IB, MS, MG, and ILT were the most seroprevalent in backyard poultry flocks with 97% (41/42), 77.5% (31/40), 75% (30/40), 73% (31/42), 69% (29/42), and 45% (19/42), respectively. The vaccinated flock was not considered in these calculations. When examining the distance between backyard flocks and the nearest commercial poultry facility, ND and MG were significantly more likely to be found in backyard flocks close to (<4 miles) whereas ORT was significantly more likely in backyard chickens located far from (>4 miles) commercial poultry. Birds purchased directly from National Poultry Improvement Plan hatcheries showed a reduced ND, MG, and MS antibody prevalence. Wearing dedicated shoes decreased MS antibody-positive birds. Finally, history of wild bird contact had a clear effect on an increased seroprevalence of NDV and MG. Serological results suggest that backyard poultry flocks have the potential to serve as a reservoir or amplifier for poultry respiratory diseases. The information generated in this project should direct extension efforts toward emphasizing the importance of small flock biosecurity and chick acquisition sources.
Keywords	avian influenza ; biosecurity ; chickens ; chicks ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; flocks ; hatcheries ; infectious bronchitis ; Mycoplasma gallisepticum ; Mycoplasma synoviae ; Newcastle disease ; Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale ; questionnaires ; seroprevalence ; vaccination ; wild birds ; United States
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-03
Size	p. 1-5.
Publishing place	American Association of Avian Pathologists
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	40871-2
ISSN	1938-4351 ; 0005-2086
ISSN (online)	1938-4351
ISSN	0005-2086
DOI	10.1637/11672-050917-Reg.1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Zs.B 526: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Biosecurity Assessment and Seroprevalence of Respiratory Diseases in Backyard Poultry Flocks Located Close to and Far from Commercial Premises.

Derksen, T / Lampron, R / Hauck, R / Pitesky, M / Gallardo, R A

Avian diseases

2018 Volume 62, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–5

Abstract	Raising backyard chickens is an ever-growing hobby in the United States. These flocks can be a substrate for respiratory disease amplification and transmission to commercial facilities. Five hundred fifty-four chickens from 41 backyard flocks were sampled in this study. ELISA kits were used to detect antibodies against avian influenza (AI), infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), Newcastle disease (ND), infectious bronchitis (IB), Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS). All visited flock owners answered a biosecurity questionnaire that assessed biosecurity measures. The questionnaire revealed that backyard poultry owners lack simple biosecurity measures such as use of dedicated shoes, their chicken sources are unreliable, and few of them benefit from veterinary oversight. Only one flock had a clear vaccination history against ND and IB. ORT, ND, IB, MS, MG, and ILT were the most seroprevalent in backyard poultry flocks with 97% (41/42), 77.5% (31/40), 75% (30/40), 73% (31/42), 69% (29/42), and 45% (19/42), respectively. The vaccinated flock was not considered in these calculations. When examining the distance between backyard flocks and the nearest commercial poultry facility, ND and MG were significantly more likely to be found in backyard flocks close to (<4 miles) whereas ORT was significantly more likely in backyard chickens located far from (>4 miles) commercial poultry. Birds purchased directly from National Poultry Improvement Plan hatcheries showed a reduced ND, MG, and MS antibody prevalence. Wearing dedicated shoes decreased MS antibody-positive birds. Finally, history of wild bird contact had a clear effect on an increased seroprevalence of NDV and MG. Serological results suggest that backyard poultry flocks have the potential to serve as a reservoir or amplifier for poultry respiratory diseases. The information generated in this project should direct extension efforts toward emphasizing the importance of small flock biosecurity and chick acquisition sources.
MeSH term(s)	Animal Husbandry/methods ; Animals ; California/epidemiology ; Chickens ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology ; Poultry Diseases/microbiology ; Poultry Diseases/virology ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/microbiology ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/veterinary ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/virology ; Risk Assessment ; Seroepidemiologic Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	40871-2
ISSN	1938-4351 ; 0005-2086
ISSN (online)	1938-4351
ISSN	0005-2086
DOI	10.1637/11672-050917-Reg.1
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Article ; Online: The cancer-associated glycan polysialic acid is dysregulated in systemic sclerosis and is associated with fibrosis.

Khan, Lamia / Derksen, Tahlia / Redmond, Desiree / Storek, Jan / Durand, Caylib / Gniadecki, Robert / Korman, Benjamin / Cohen Tervaert, Jan Willem / D'Aubeterre, Ana / Osman, Mohammed S / Willis, Lisa M

Journal of autoimmunity

2023 Volume 140, Page(s) 103110

Abstract: Objective: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare but deadly disease characterized by autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and fibrosis. Fibrotic complications associated with SSc correlate with severe morbidity and mortality. Previous studies in SSc have identified ...

Abstract	Objective: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare but deadly disease characterized by autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and fibrosis. Fibrotic complications associated with SSc correlate with severe morbidity and mortality. Previous studies in SSc have identified fibroblasts as the primary drivers of fibrosis; however, the mechanism(s) promoting this are not well understood. Aberrant glycosylation, particularly polysialylation (polySia), has been described as a prominent feature of aggressive cancers. Inspired by this observation, we aimed to determine if polySia is dysregulated in various forms of SSc. Methods: All patients with SSc met the 2013 ACR/EULAR. Patients were sub-classified into limited cutaneous (lSSc, N = 5 or 46 patients for polySia quantification in the dermis or serum; respectively), diffuse cutaneous (dSSc, N = 11 or 18 patients for polySia quantification in the dermis or serum; respectively), or patients with dSSc treated with an autologous stem cell transplantation (post-ASCT, N = 4 patients for quantification in the dermis). Dermal polySia levels were measured via immunofluorescence microscopy in 10 μm dermal sections, quantified in each group (healthy volunteers (HC), lSSc, dSSc, and post-ASCT) and correlated with skin fibrosis (via the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS)). Similarly, serum polySia was quantified in each group, and correlated with the mRSS. Results: Dermal polySia levels were highest in patients with dSSc (compared to HC < 0.001), and correlated with the degree of fibrosis in all of the groups (P = 0.008). Serum polySia was higher in all SSc groups (p < 0.001) and correlated with the severity of mRSS (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Polysia is more abundant in the skin and sera from patients with SSc and correlates with the degree of skin fibrosis. The aberrant expression of polySia highlights its potential use as a biomarker in patients with progressive forms of SSc. Dysregulated polySia levels in SSc further emphasizes the cancer-like phenotype present in SSc, which may promote fibrosis and immune dysregulation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639452-8
ISSN	1095-9157 ; 0896-8411
ISSN (online)	1095-9157
ISSN	0896-8411
DOI	10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103110
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Article ; Online: The effect of side of implantation on unilateral cochlear implant performance in patients with prelingual and postlingual sensorineural hearing loss: A systematic review.

Kraaijenga, V J C / Derksen, T C / Stegeman, I / Smit, A L

Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery

2017 Volume 43, Issue 2, Page(s) 440–449

Abstract: Objective: Cerebral lateralisation of language processing leads to a right ear advantage in normal hearing subjects. The aim of this study was to present a systematic overview of the effect of implantation side on postoperative cochlear implant ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Cerebral lateralisation of language processing leads to a right ear advantage in normal hearing subjects. The aim of this study was to present a systematic overview of the effect of implantation side on postoperative cochlear implant performance in patients with symmetrical severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Data sources: PubMed, Embase and The Cochrane Library databases. Research methods: Databases were searched from database inception up to 9 January 2017 for cochlear implant and side and all synonyms. Title, abstract and full-text of retrieved articles were screened for eligibility. Then, directness of evidence and risk of bias were assessed. For the included articles, study characteristics and outcome data (hearing and language development) were extracted. Results: 2541 unique articles were screened, of which twenty were eligible for critical appraisal. No randomised controlled trials were identified. Twelve studies with a high directness of evidence remained for data extraction. Four of six studies including children with pre-lingual sensorineural hearing loss and four of seven studies investigating adults with postlingual sensorineural hearing loss found a right ear advantage in at least one outcome measurement related to cochlear implant performance. Conclusion: The available evidence on the effect of side of implantation is of low quality, as study populations and outcome measures are heterogeneous. The majority of studies reveals evidence for a right ear advantage in prelingually deafened children as well as postlingually deafened adults. In view of the present evidence and as no left ear advantage was identified, we cautiously advise implanting the cochlear implant in the right ear when other prognostic factors do not favour the left ear and sensorineural hearing loss is symmetrical.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2205891-6
ISSN	1749-4486 ; 1749-4478 ; 0307-7772 ; 1365-2273
ISSN (online)	1749-4486
ISSN	1749-4478 ; 0307-7772 ; 1365-2273
DOI	10.1111/coa.12988
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Article: A new type of defatted green microalgae exerts dose-dependent nutritional, metabolic, and environmental impacts in broiler chicks

Gatrell, S.K / Derksen, T.J / O’Neil, E.V / Lei, X.G

Journal of applied poultry research. 2017 Sept. 01, v. 26, no. 3

2017

Abstract: The potential of defatted microalgae from biofuel production in animal feeding remains unclear. The objective of this experiment was to determine the metabolic and environmental impacts of a defatted green microalgal biomass (DGA, Nannochloropsis ... ...

Abstract	The potential of defatted microalgae from biofuel production in animal feeding remains unclear. The objective of this experiment was to determine the metabolic and environmental impacts of a defatted green microalgal biomass (DGA, Nannochloropsis oceanica, Cellana, Kailua-Kona, HI) in broiler chick diets. Day-old chicks (total = 180) were fed the control diet containing zero, 2, 4, 8, or 16% of DGA for 6 wk to determine the optimal level of DGA inclusion. Compared with chicks fed the control diet, only those fed the 16% DGA diet had lower (P < 0.05) ADG and feed use efficiency. The DGA feeding produced dose-dependent (linear) increases in starter period water intake (P < 0.0001, R² = 0.76) and in wk 6 relative weights of heart (P < 0.0001, R² = 0.45), liver (P = 0.09, R² = 0.19), and intestinal tract (P = 0.02, R² = 0.19), retentions of soluble inorganic phosphorus (P = 0.001, R² = 0.39) and DNA retention (P = 0.001, R² = 0.46), and ileal DNA content (P < 0.0001, R² = 0.50). Meanwhile, the DGA feeding led to weak linear decreases (P < 0.05, R² = 0.14 to 0.27) in wk 6 tibia weight and length and excretion of soluble inorganic phosphorus. In contrast, the DGA feeding did not affect relative weights of breast, proventriculus, or gizzard, tibial bone strength, or plasma DNA concentrations. In conclusion, this new type of DGA biomass may be supplemented into diets for broilers at 8% without adverse effects if the salt content is decreased.
Keywords	DNA ; Nannochloropsis ; animal feeding ; biomass ; bone strength ; breasts ; broiler chickens ; diet ; dose response ; excretion ; fuel production ; gizzard ; heart ; ileum ; inorganic phosphorus ; liver ; microalgae ; proventriculus ; research ; salt content ; tibia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-0901
Size	p. 358-366.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	1193887-0
ISSN	1537-0437 ; 1056-6171
ISSN (online)	1537-0437
ISSN	1056-6171
DOI	10.3382/japr/pfx003
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Persistence of low and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in reused poultry litter, effects of litter amendment use, and composting temperatures

Figueroa, A / Gallardo, Rodrigo A / Derksen, T / Biswas, S / Nazmi, A / Rejmanek, D / Crossley, B / Pandey, P / Gallardo, R.A

Journal of applied poultry research. 2020 Sept. 28,

2020

Abstract: Avian influenza has greatly impacted the commercial poultry industry worldwide. Limited knowledge exists on the interactions between avian influenza viruses (AIV) and the environmental factors associated with poultry farms. To improve our existing ... ...

Abstract	Avian influenza has greatly impacted the commercial poultry industry worldwide. Limited knowledge exists on the interactions between avian influenza viruses (AIV) and the environmental factors associated with poultry farms. To improve our existing understanding of AIV survival in various environmental conditions, experiments were conducted to investigate the persistence of AIV in reused poultry litter. Additionally, we investigated the effects of a litter acidifier, based on sodium bisulfate, as well as different composting temperatures on the survivability of this virus. The highly pathogenic AIV was found to persist much longer than low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) in litter material, regardless of the number of cycles the litter was used. No clear association was detected between litter cycle use and viral persistence. In terms of litter acidification, the acidifier amendment immediately inactivated LPAIV when directly mixed with the virus and in the presence of broiler litter. Differing results were obtained in turkey litter where the virus persisted less than 48 h. Finally, when testing composting temperatures, LPAIV was inactivated in litter after 30 min of viral contamination but before the target temperatures were reached. In carcass material with and without litter, LPAIV survived for less than 30 min, before reaching 50°C or 60°C, showing a detrimental effect on LPAIV survivability. These studies provide information that helps improve the understanding of interactions between environmental factors and AIV.
Keywords	Influenza A virus ; acidification ; avian influenza ; composting ; environmental factors ; farms ; poultry ; poultry industry ; poultry manure ; sodium sulfate ; temperature ; viral contamination ; viruses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0928
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	1193887-0
ISSN	1537-0437 ; 1056-6171
ISSN (online)	1537-0437
ISSN	1056-6171
DOI	10.1016/j.japr.2020.09.011
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency following pancreatoduodenectomy: A prospective bi-center study.

Kroon, V J / Daamen, L A / Tseng, D S J / de Vreugd, A Roele- / Brada, L J H / Busch, O R / Derksen, T C / Gerritsen, A / Rombouts, S J E / Smits, F J / Walma, M S / Wennink, R A W / Besselink, M G / van Santvoort, H C / Molenaar, I Q

Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.

2022 Volume 22, Issue 7, Page(s) 1020–1027

Abstract: Background/objectives: Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is a common complication following pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) leading to malnutrition. The course of PEI and related symptoms and vitamin deficiencies is unknown. This study aimed to assess ... ...

Abstract	Background/objectives: Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is a common complication following pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) leading to malnutrition. The course of PEI and related symptoms and vitamin deficiencies is unknown. This study aimed to assess the (long-term) incidence of PEI and vitamin deficiencies after PD. Methods: A bi-centre prospective observational cohort study was performed, including patients who underwent PD for mainly pancreatic and periampullary (pre)malignancies (2014-2018). Two cohorts were formed to evaluate short and long-term results. Patients were followed for 18 months and clinical symptoms were evaluated by questionnaire. PEI was based on faecal elastase-1 (FE-1) levels and/or clinical symptoms. Results: In total, 95 patients were included. After three months, all but three patients had developed PEI and 27/29 (93%) patients of whom stool samples were available showed abnormal FE-1 levels, which did not improve during follow-up. After six months, all patients had developed PEI. During follow-up, symptoms resolved in 35%-70% of patients. Vitamin D and K deficiencies were observed in 48%-79% of patients, depending on the moment of follow-up; 0%-50% of the patients with deficiencies received vitamin supplementation. Discussion: This prospective study found a high incidence of PEI after PD with persisting symptoms in one-to two thirds of all patients. Limited attention was paid to vitamin deficiencies. Improved screening and treatment strategies for PEI and vitamins need to be designed.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy/adverse effects ; Prospective Studies ; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency/epidemiology ; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency/etiology ; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency/diagnosis ; Pancreas ; Vitamin A
Chemical Substances	Vitamin A (11103-57-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2056680-3
ISSN	1424-3911 ; 1424-3903
ISSN (online)	1424-3911
ISSN	1424-3903
DOI	10.1016/j.pan.2022.08.002
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Article: A new type of defatted green microalgae exerts dose-dependent nutritional, metabolic, and environmental impacts in broiler chicks

Gatrell, S. K. / Derksen, T. J. / O'Neil, E. V. / Lei, X. G.

The journal of applied poultry research

2017 Volume 26, Issue 3, Page(s) 358

Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1193887-0
ISSN	1056-6171
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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