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Article: Di‐n‐butyl phthalate : MAK value documentation, 2017

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe / Hartwig, Andrea / MAK Commission / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe

The MAK collection for occupational health and safety, 4(4):1910-1930

2019

Abstract: The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the developmental toxicity of di‐n‐butyl phthalate. Available publications are described in detail. In prenatal developmental toxicity ... ...

Institution	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe
Abstract	The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the developmental toxicity of di‐n‐butyl phthalate. Available publications are described in detail. In prenatal developmental toxicity studies in rats, the most sensitive endpoint was altered morphometry (size and organization) of the seminiferous cords, the precursor of the seminiferous tubules, at 50 mg/kg body weight and day and above; the NOAEL was 30 mg/kg body weight and day. In rats, teratogenic effects like hypospadia and underdeveloped or absent epididymides were observed at 250 mg/kg KG body weight and day and above; the NOAEL was 100 mg/kg body weight and day. In a two‐generation reproduction toxicity study in rats, a LOAEL of 80 mg/kg body weight and day, the lowest dose, could be derived for foetotoxicity and decreased live pup weight at birth. In rats, the NOAEL for behavioural toxicity is 291 mg/kg body weight and day in male pups. From a one‐generation reproduction toxicity study in mice, a NOAEL of 420 mg/kg body weight and day could be derived for foetotoxicity and decreased number of live pups. The NOAELs and the LOAEL for developmental toxicity and foetotoxicity can be scaled to concentrations of 32, 107, 84 (LOAEL) and 252 mg/m3, respectively, at the workplace. Thus, damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely when the MAK value of 0.58 mg/m3 is not exceeded, and the classification in Pregnancy Risk Group C is confirmed.
Keywords	1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dibutyl ester ; MAK Value Documentations ; MAK value ; MAK-Begründungen ; developmental toxicity ; di(n-butyl) 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate ; di-n-butyl phthalate ; dibutyl phthalate ; hazardous substance ; occupational exposure ; maximum workplace concentration ; n-butyl phthalate ; phthalic acid dibutyl ester ; prenatal toxicity ; toxicity
Language	English
Document type	Article
DOI	10.4126/FRL01-006461114
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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Article: Quecksilber und Quecksilberverbindungen – Bestimmung von Quecksilber in Blut und Urin mittels Kaltdampf‐AAS : Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2019

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe / Heitland, Peter / Göen, Thomas / Hartwig, Andrea / MAK Commission / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe

The MAK collection for occupational health and safety, 4(2):1025-1044

2019

Abstract: The working group “Analyses in Biological Materials” of the Permanent Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area validated the presented biomonitoring method. Mercury is determined by flow injection ... ...

Institution	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe
Abstract	The working group “Analyses in Biological Materials” of the Permanent Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area validated the presented biomonitoring method. Mercury is determined by flow injection cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV‐AAS). The digested blood or urine samples are stabilised with potassium permanganate, introduced into the acid carrier flow (hydrochloric acid) and mixed with the reducing agent sodium borohydride. Mercury vapour formed by reduction is transported with an argon flow into the atomisation cell of the AA spectrometer. Calibration is performed using matrix matched calibration solutions. The mercury concentrations in real samples are calculated from the linear relationship between the measured absorbance and the mass concentration of mercury.
Keywords	7439-97-6 ; CV-AAS ; Analysen in biologischem Material ; Biomonitoring ; Biomonitoring-Methoden ; Biomonitoring Methods ; Blut ; Fließinjektionssystem ; Kaltdampf- Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie ; Methylquecksilber ; Quecksilber ; Urin
Language	German
Document type	Article
DOI	10.4126/FRL01-006455760
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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Article: 2‐Methoxypropanol‐1 : MAK Value Documentation, 2018 MAK Value Documentation, 2018

The MAK collection for occupational health and safety, 4(2):437-450

2019

Abstract: The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) for 2‐methoxypropanol‐1 [1589‐47‐5]. Available publications and unpublished study ...

Institution	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe
Abstract	The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) for 2‐methoxypropanol‐1 [1589‐47‐5]. Available publications and unpublished study reports are described in detail. Critical effects of 2‐methoxypropanol‐1 are its irritancy and teratogenicity. A MAK value of 5 ml/m3 had been set. By analogy with 2‐methoxypropylacetate‐1, this value is now reaffirmed. Also, by analogy with 2‐methoxypropylacetate‐1 Peak Limitation Category I with excursion factor of 2 is set. 2‐Methoxypropanol‐1 remains assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group B and also remains designated with an “H” (for substances that can be absorbed through the skin in toxicologically relevant amounts).
Keywords	(sub)acute toxicity ; (sub)chronic toxicity ; 2-methoxy-1-hydroxypropane ; 2-methoxy-1-propanol ; 2-methoxypropan-1-ol ; 2-methoxypropanol ; MAK Value Documentations ; MAK value ; MAK-Begründungen ; carcinogenicity ; absorption through the skin ; genotoxicity ; germ cell mutagenicity ; developmental toxicity ; fertility ; hazardous substance ; irritation ; occupational exposure ; maximum workplace concentration ; metabolism ; mechanism of action ; sensitization ; peak limitation ; prenatal toxicity ; propylene glycol 2-methyl ether ; reproductive toxicity ; toxicity ; toxicokinetics
Language	English
Document type	Article
DOI	10.4126/FRL01-006458287
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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Article: Magnesium oxide, insoluble (Sintermagnesite) (respirable fraction) : MAK Value Documentation, 2018 MAK Value Documentation, 2018

The MAK collection for occupational health and safety, 4(2):374-381

2019

Abstract: The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has reevaluated magnesium oxide. Magnesium oxide, sintermagnesite [1309‐48‐4], is a biopersistent granular dust. Therefore, the respirable fraction of ... ...

Institution	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe
Abstract	The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has reevaluated magnesium oxide. Magnesium oxide, sintermagnesite [1309‐48‐4], is a biopersistent granular dust. Therefore, the respirable fraction of magnesium oxide dust has been classified in Carcinogen Category 4 and a MAK value of 0.3 mg/m3 × material density was established for the respirable fraction in analogy to the other biopersistent granular dusts. Additionally for this fraction the Peak Limitation Category II with an excursion factor of 8 was established. Since magnesium oxide is not systemically distributed and accumulates only locally in the lungs, no developmental effects due to this dust are expected to occur at the MAK value of 0.3 mg/m3 × material density (respirable, R‐fraction). Magnesium oxide has accordingly been classified in Pregnancy Risk Group C. Magnesium oxide is not designated with either “Sa” or “Sh” or “H”.
Keywords	(sub)acute toxicity ; (sub)chronic toxicity ; MAK Value Documentations ; MAK value ; MAK-Begründungen ; carcinogenicity ; absorption through the skin ; genotoxicity ; germ cell mutagenicity ; hazardous substance ; occupational exposure ; maximum workplace concentration ; magensia ; magnesium oxide ; metabolism ; mechanism of action ; sensitization ; sintermagnesite ; peak limitation ; prenatal toxicity ; toxicity ; toxicokinetics
Language	English
Document type	Article
DOI	10.4126/FRL01-006457879
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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Article: Addendum zu Molybdän und seine Verbindungen : BAT value documentation in German language, 2019

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe / Michalke, Bernhard / Drexler, Hans / Hartwig, Andrea / MAK Commission / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe

The MAK collection for occupational health and safety, 4(4):2339-2348

2019

Abstract: In 2018, the German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated Molybdenum and its compounds. Available publications are described in detail. In recent publications since the last evaluation ... ...

Institution	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe
Abstract	In 2018, the German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated Molybdenum and its compounds. Available publications are described in detail. In recent publications since the last evaluation in 2005 some authors investigated Molybdenum concentrations in blood or urine with respect to occupational Molybdenum exposure, however, without a conclusive outcome: The results of the different studies were either contradictory or missed respective exposure data and/or quality control measures. Therefore, no BAT value (biological tolerance value) was derived. However, some studies reported background concentrations in men, women or children, most of them with sufficiently applied quality control. In these studies, it was found that nutrition is the most important contribution to Molybdenum in urine. Several studies with quality control means and with sufficient statistical power revealed similar concentration ranges between 34–50 µg/L urine and/or 95% percentiles around 150 µg/L urine. In conclusion, a BAR of 150 µg Molybdenum/L urine was derived.
Keywords	7439-98-7 ; Arbeitsstoff ; Assessment Values in Biological Material ; BAT-Wert ; Beurteilungswerte in biologischem Material ; Molybdän ; Toxizität ; biologischer Leitwert ; biologischer Toleranzwert
Language	German
Document type	Article
DOI	10.4126/FRL01-006454932
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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Article: 2‐Chlorethanol : MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2019

The MAK collection for occupational health and safety, 4(2):559-612

2019

Abstract: The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated 2‐chloroethanol [107‐07‐3], considering all toxicological endpoints. Available publications are described in detail. The critical effect ...

Institution	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe
Abstract	The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated 2‐chloroethanol [107‐07‐3], considering all toxicological endpoints. Available publications are described in detail. The critical effect is high systemic toxicity with a steep dose‐response relationship. The NOAELs are 45, 15, and 45 mg/kg body weight and day in rats, dogs, and monkeys, respectively, after oral administration, and 100 and about 200 mg/kg body weight and day in rats and mice, respectively, after dermal administration. Taking both oral and dermal studies in animals into consideration, a MAK value of 2 ml/m3 is derived, which also protects from irritation. As the critical effect is systemic, Peak Limitation Category II is confirmed. The excursion factor of 1 is retained because of the steep dose‐response relationship. The NOAELs for developmental toxicity are 50 and 227 mg/kg body weight and day for mice after gavage or drinking water administration, respectively, and 60 and 36 mg/kg body weight and day for mice and rabbits, respectively, after intravenous administration. The margins between the calculated concentrations at the workplace without effects and the MAK value are sufficiently high. Therefore, damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely when the MAK value is not exceeded and the classification of 2‐chloroethanol in Pregnancy Risk Group C is retained. 2‐Chloroethanol is not regarded as genotoxic in vivo. The substance was not carcinogenic in dermal carcinogenicity studies in mice and rats. The substance is not a contact sensitizer in humans and mice. The low dermal LD50 values, the estimated dermal absorption of 25% and the reports of poisoning incidents at the workplace after dermal exposure point to a significant contribution of skin contact to systemic toxicity. Therefore, the designation with an “H” is retained.
Keywords	(sub)akute Toxizität ; (sub)chronische Toxizität ; 2-Chlorethanol ; Arbeitsstoff ; Gefahrstoff ; Genotoxizität ; Glykolchlorhydrin ; Entwicklungstoxizität ; Ethylenchlorhydrin ; Fertilität ; Kanzerogenität ; Hautresorption ; MAK Value Documentations ; MAK-Begründungen ; MAK-Wert ; Metabolismus ; Spitzenbegrenzung ; Reizwirkung ; Reproduktionstoxizität ; Wirkungsmechanismus ; Toxikokinetik ; Toxizität ; allergene Wirkung ; beta-Chlorethylalkohol ; fruchtschädigende Wirkung ; keimzellmutagene Wirkung ; krebserzeugende Wirkung ; maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentration ; sensibilisierende Wirkung
Language	German
Document type	Article
DOI	10.4126/FRL01-006456917
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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Article: Chlorobenzene : MAK value documentation, 2018

The MAK collection for occupational health and safety, 4(4):1893-1909

2019

Abstract: The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated chlorobenzene [108‐90‐7] to derive a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value), considering all toxicity endpoints. Adverse ... ...

Institution	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe
Abstract	The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated chlorobenzene [108‐90‐7] to derive a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value), considering all toxicity endpoints. Adverse effects are a depression of the central nervous system in humans and histological alterations in liver and kidney in rats. A 2 generation reproduction study with chlorobenzene vapour in Sprague‐Dawley rats resulted in a NOAEC of 50 ml/m3. Based on this NOAEC, a MAK value of 5 ml/m3 is derived. This value is supported by a study with healthy volunteers at rest, who showed no neurotoxic or chemosensory effects at a NAEC of 5.9 ml/m3, which takes the increased respiratory volume at the work place into account. As systemic effects are critical, the substance remains assigned to Peak Limitation Category II and the excursion factor of 2 is confirmed. Chlorobenzene caused a statistically significantly increased incidence of neoplastic nodules in the liver of male F344 rats in a carcinogenicity study at the highest dose of 120 mg/kg body weight and day. As chlorobenzene is genotoxic only at high doses given intraperitoneally, and female rats and mice did not show any tumours in this study, it remains regarded neither as a carcinogen nor as a germ cell mutagen. From a synopsis of all data, the classification of chlorobenzene in Pregnancy Risk Group C is maintained. Chlorobenzene did not lead to contact sensitization in mice and guinea pigs.
Keywords	(sub)acute toxicity ; (sub)chronic toxicity ; 108-90-7 ; MAK Value Documentations ; MAK value ; MAK-Begründungen ; carcinogenicity ; chlorobenzol ; chlorobenzene ; allergenic effects ; benzene chloride ; genotoxicity ; germ cell mutagenicity ; developmental toxicity ; fertility ; hazardous substance ; irritation ; occupational exposure ; monochlorobenzene ; maximum workplace concentration ; metabolism ; mechanism of action ; sensitization ; peak limitation ; prenatal toxicity ; reproductive toxicity ; toxicity ; toxicokinetics
Language	English
Document type	Article
DOI	10.4126/FRL01-006457136
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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Article: 2‐Isopropoxyethanol : MAK value documentation, 2018

The MAK collection for occupational health and safety, 4(3):1130-1145

2019

Abstract: The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) and the Pregnancy Risk Group of 2‐isopropoxyethanol [109‐59‐1]. As 2‐ ... ...

Institution	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe
Abstract	The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) and the Pregnancy Risk Group of 2‐isopropoxyethanol [109‐59‐1]. As 2‐isopropoxyethanol is irritating to rabbit skin and eyes an irritating potential for the respiratory tract of humans has to be assumed. In a poorly documented three‐week inhalation study in rats, nasal irritations at 1000 ml/m3 are reported, but the nose is not histopathologically investigated in any of the inhalation studies. A MAK value of 10 ml/m3 for 2‐isopropoxyethanol is derived by analogy with 2‐butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether) which shows a similar irritation potency. For rats, the critical effect in a 28‐day inhalation study is the concentration dependent haemolytic anaemia at 100 ml/m3 and above. The NOAEC is 30 ml/m3. As humans are less sensitive than rats for this effect, which does not increase with prolonged exposure, the MAK value of 10 ml/m3 should provide sufficient protection from haemolytic anaemia. Since a local effect is critical, Peak Limitation Category I is designated. By analogy with 2‐butoxyethanol and 2‐propoxyethanol an excursion factor of 2 is set. The NOAEC for developmental toxicity in rats is 600 ml/m3 and after considering the increased respiratory volume at the workplace because the blood:air partition coefficient of 2‐isopropoxyethanol is > 5 (see List of MAK‐ and BAT Values, Sections I b and I c) the difference to the MAK value is sufficient. Therefore, damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely when the MAK value is observed and 2‐isopropoxyethanol remains assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group C.
Keywords	(sub)acute toxicity ; (sub)chronic toxicity ; 2-(1-methylethoxy)ethanol ; 2-isopropoxyethanol ; 2-propane-2-yloxyethanol ; 4-methyl-3-oxapentan-1-ol ; MAK Value Documentations ; MAK value ; MAK-Begründungen ; absorption through the skin ; allergenic effects ; beta-hydroxyethyl isopropyl ether ; genotoxicity ; germ cell mutagenicity ; developmental toxicity ; ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether ; ethylene glycol isopropyl ether ; fertility ; hazardous substance ; irritation ; isopropoxyethanol ; isopropyl cellosolve ; isopropyl ethylene glycol ether ; isopropyl glycol ; isopropyl glycol ether ; occupational exposure ; maximum workplace concentration ; metabolism ; mechanism of action ; sensitization ; peak limitation ; prenatal toxicity ; reproductive toxicity ; toxicity ; toxicokinetics
Language	English
Document type	Article
DOI	10.4126/FRL01-006457183
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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Article: 1‐Butanthiol : MAK value documentation in German language, 2019

The MAK collection for occupational health and safety, 4(3):1372-1385

2019

Abstract: The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of 1‐butanethiol [109‐79‐5]. Available publications and unpublished study reports ...

Institution	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe
Abstract	The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of 1‐butanethiol [109‐79‐5]. Available publications and unpublished study reports are described in detail. Additional data from a 90‐day inhalation study in rats indicate that the critical effect is haematotoxicity. On the basis of the NOAEC of 9 ml/m3 and taking into account the increased respiratory volume at the workplace, the MAK value is increased to 1 ml/m3. Since a systemic effect is critical, Peak Limitation Category II with an excursion factor of 2 is assigned. The NOAEC for developmental toxicity in mice is 10 ml/m3 and the NOEC for rats is 152 ml/m3. After considering the increased respiratory volume at the workplace, the margin to the MAK value calculated based on the data from the rat is sufficiently large. In mice, the LOAEC for developmental toxicity is 68 ml/m3 and the NAEC is probably higher than 10 ml/m3, which results in a sufficient margin to the MAK value. Therefore, damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely if the MAK value is not exceeded and 1‐butanethiol remains classified in Pregnancy Risk Group C. According to skin absorption models, percutaneous absorption is expected to contribute significantly to systemic toxicity. Therefore, 1‐butanethiol is designated with an “H”. 1‐Butanethiol can cause sensitization of the skin in animals and is therefore designated with “Sh”.
Keywords	(sub)akute Toxizität ; (sub)chronische Toxizität ; 1-Butanthiol ; Arbeitsstoff ; Butan-1-thiol ; Butylmercaptan ; Butylsulfhydrat ; Gefahrstoff ; Entwicklungstoxizität ; Fertilität ; Hautresorption ; MAK Value Documentations ; MAK-Begründungen ; MAK-Wert ; Metabolismus ; Spitzenbegrenzung ; Reizwirkung ; Reproduktionstoxizität ; Wirkungsmechanismus ; Toxikokinetik ; Toxizität ; Thiobutanol ; Thiobutylalkohol ; allergene Wirkung ; fruchtschädigende Wirkung ; odour nuisance ; maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentration ; n-Butanthiol ; sensibilisierende Wirkung
Language	German
Document type	Article
DOI	10.4126/FRL01-006457195
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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Article: 2‐Propoxyethanol (2‐(Propyloxy)ethanol) : MAK Value Documentation, 2018

The MAK collection for occupational health and safety, 4(4):2155-2167

2019

Abstract: The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated 2‐(propyloxy)ethanol (2‐propoxyethanol) [2807‐30‐9] considering all toxicological end points. 2‐(Propyloxy)ethanol is a haemolytic and ... ...

Institution	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Ständige Senatskommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe
Abstract	The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated 2‐(propyloxy)ethanol (2‐propoxyethanol) [2807‐30‐9] considering all toxicological end points. 2‐(Propyloxy)ethanol is a haemolytic and irritant glycol ether, similar to the homologous 2‐butoxyethanol. The haemolytic activity for both compounds is mediated by the corresponding alkoxy acid and is lower in human erythrocytes than in rat erythrocytes in vitro. The critical effect is the irritation seen in subchronic studies in rats at the lowest concentration tested of 100 ml/m3. A NOAEC was not obtained. For 2‐butoxyethanol the NOAEC for nasal effects in rats was 31 ml/m3. Therefore, by analogy with the better investigated 2‐butoxyethanol, the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of 2‐(propyloxy)ethanol is lowered to 10 ml/m3. This limit also protects from systemic toxicity. The assignment to Peak Limitation Category I with an excursion factor of 2 is retained. A prenatal toxicity study in rats was re‐evaluated by the Commission and the NOAEC for developmental toxicity of 400 ml/m3 was confirmed. In rabbits, the NOAEC for developmental toxicity is 500 ml/m3. Even after considering the increased respiratory volume at the workplace the differences of both NOAECs to the MAK value are sufficient. Therefore, damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely when the MAK value is observed and 2‐(propyloxy)ethanol remains assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group C. 2‐(Propyloxy)ethanol is not genotoxic in vitro. In vivo studies as well as carcinogenicity studies are not available. Percutaneous absorption can contribute significantly to systemic toxicity and 2‐(propyloxy)ethanol remains designated with an “H” notation. Results in animal studies do not point to a sensitization potential.
Keywords	(sub)acute toxicity ; (sub)chronic toxicity ; 2-(propyloxy)ethanol ; 2-propoxyethanol ; MAK Value Documentations ; MAK value ; MAK-Begründungen ; carcinogenicity ; absorption through the skin ; allergenic effects ; genotoxicity ; germ cell mutagenicity ; developmental toxicity ; ethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether ; fertility ; hazardous substance ; irritation ; occupational exposure ; maximum workplace concentration ; metabolism ; mechanism of action ; n-propyl glycol ; sensitization ; peak limitation ; prenatal toxicity ; propyl cellosolve ; reproductive toxicity ; toxicity ; toxicokinetics
Language	English
Document type	Article
DOI	10.4126/FRL01-006458604
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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