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Article ; Online: Screening for potential nuclear substrates for the plant cell death suppressor kinase Adi3 using peptide microarrays.

Yeo, In-Cheol / Devarenne, Timothy P

2020 Volume 15, Issue 6, Page(s) e0234011

Abstract: The tomato AGC protein kinase Adi3 is a Ser/Thr kinase that functions as a negative regulator of programmed cell death through cell death suppression (CDS) activity in the nucleus. In this study, to understand the mechanism of Adi3 CDS, peptide ... ...

Abstract	The tomato AGC protein kinase Adi3 is a Ser/Thr kinase that functions as a negative regulator of programmed cell death through cell death suppression (CDS) activity in the nucleus. In this study, to understand the mechanism of Adi3 CDS, peptide microarrays containing random Ser- and Thr-peptide phosphorylation substrates were used to screen for downstream phosphorylation substrates. In the microarray phosphorylation assay, Adi3 showed promiscuous kinase activity more toward Ser-peptides compared to Thr-peptides, and a preference for aromatic and cyclic amino acids on both Ser- and Thr-peptides was seen. The 63 highest phosphorylated peptide sequences from the Ser-peptide microarray were selected as queries for a BLAST search against the tomato proteome. As a result, 294 candidate nuclear Adi3 substrates were selected and categorized based on their functions. Many of these proteins were classified as DNA/RNA polymerases or regulators involved in transcription and translation events. The list of potential Adi3 substrates was narrowed to eleven and four candidates were tested for phosphorylation by Adi3. Two of these candidates, RNA polymerase II 2nd largest subunit (RPB2) and the pathogen defense related transcription factor Pti5, were confirmed as Adi3 phosphorylation substrates by in vitro kinase assays. Using a mutational approach two residues, Thr675 and Thr676, were identified as Adi3 phosphorylation sites on RPB2. This study provides the foundation for understanding Adi3 CDS mechanisms in the nucleus as well as other cellular functions.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Death/genetics ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Solanum lycopersicum/genetics ; Solanum lycopersicum/metabolism ; Microarray Analysis ; Mutation/genetics ; Peptides/genetics ; Phosphorylation/genetics ; Plant Cells/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Protein Kinases/genetics
Chemical Substances	Peptides ; Plant Proteins ; Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0234011
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Article: In vitro activity characterization of the tomato SnRK1 complex proteins.

Su, Dongyin / Devarenne, Timothy P

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Proteins and proteomics

2018 Volume 1866, Issue 8, Page(s) 857–864

Abstract: Plant Sucrose non-Fermenting 1-Related Protein Kinase1 (SnRK1) complexes are members of the Snf1/AMPK/SnRK protein kinase family and play important roles in many aspects of metabolism. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, Sl), only one α-subunit of the SnRK1 ...

Abstract	Plant Sucrose non-Fermenting 1-Related Protein Kinase1 (SnRK1) complexes are members of the Snf1/AMPK/SnRK protein kinase family and play important roles in many aspects of metabolism. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, Sl), only one α-subunit of the SnRK1 complex, SlSnRK1.1, has been characterized to date. In this study, the phylogenetic placement and in vitro kinase activity of a second tomato SnRK1 α-subunit, SlSnRK1.2, were characterized. Interestingly, in the phylogenetic analysis of SnRK1 sequences from monocots and dicots SlSnRK1.2 clusters only with other Solanaceae SnRK1.2 sequences, suggesting possible functional divergence of these kinases from other SnRK1 kinases. For analysis of kinase activity, SlSnRK1.2 was able to autophosphorylate, phosphorylate the complex β-subunits, and phosphorylate the SnRK1 AMARA peptide substrate, all with drastically lower overall kinase activity compared to SlSnRK1.1. Activation by the upstream kinase SlSnAK was able to increase the kinase activity of both SlSnRK1.1 and SlSnRK1.2, although the increase is less dramatic for SlSnRK1.2. The highest kinase activity on the AMARA peptide for SlSnRK1.2 was seen when reconstituting the complex in vitro with SlSip1 as the β-subunit. In comparison, SlSnRK1.1 showed the lowest kinase activity on the AMARA peptide when SlSip1 was used. These studies suggest the SlSnRK1.2 phylogenetic divergence and lower SlSnRK1.2 kinase activity compared to SlSnRK1.1 may be indicative of different in vivo roles for each kinase.
MeSH term(s)	Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Lycopersicon esculentum/enzymology ; Lycopersicon esculentum/genetics ; Multigene Family ; Phosphorylation ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Plant Proteins ; SNF1-related protein kinases (EC 2.7.1.-) ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-16
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 1570-9639 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	1570-9639 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.05.010
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Article: In vitro activity characterization of the tomato SnRK1 complex proteins

Su, Dongyin / Devarenne, Timothy P

Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2018 Aug., v. 1866, no. 8

2018

Abstract	Plant Sucrose non-Fermenting 1-Related Protein Kinase1 (SnRK1) complexes are members of the Snf1/AMPK/SnRK protein kinase family and play important roles in many aspects of metabolism. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, Sl), only one α-subunit of the SnRK1 complex, SlSnRK1.1, has been characterized to date. In this study, the phylogenetic placement and in vitro kinase activity of a second tomato SnRK1 α-subunit, SlSnRK1.2, were characterized. Interestingly, in the phylogenetic analysis of SnRK1 sequences from monocots and dicots SlSnRK1.2 clusters only with other Solanaceae SnRK1.2 sequences, suggesting possible functional divergence of these kinases from other SnRK1 kinases. For analysis of kinase activity, SlSnRK1.2 was able to autophosphorylate, phosphorylate the complex β-subunits, and phosphorylate the SnRK1 AMARA peptide substrate, all with drastically lower overall kinase activity compared to SlSnRK1.1. Activation by the upstream kinase SlSnAK was able to increase the kinase activity of both SlSnRK1.1 and SlSnRK1.2, although the increase is less dramatic for SlSnRK1.2. The highest kinase activity on the AMARA peptide for SlSnRK1.2 was seen when reconstituting the complex in vitro with SlSip1 as the β-subunit. In comparison, SlSnRK1.1 showed the lowest kinase activity on the AMARA peptide when SlSip1 was used. These studies suggest the SlSnRK1.2 phylogenetic divergence and lower SlSnRK1.2 kinase activity compared to SlSnRK1.1 may be indicative of different in vivo roles for each kinase.
Keywords	Liliopsida ; Solanum lycopersicum ; enzyme activity ; metabolism ; phylogeny ; protein kinases ; proteins ; sucrose ; tomatoes
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-08
Size	p. 857-864.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2918798-9
ISSN	1878-1454 ; 1570-9639
ISSN (online)	1878-1454
ISSN	1570-9639
DOI	10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.05.010
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Article ; Online: Dual phosphorylation of DGK5-mediated PA burst regulates ROS in plant immunity.

Kong, Liang / Ma, Xiyu / Zhang, Chao / Kim, Sung-Il / Li, Bo / Xie, Yingpeng / Yeo, In-Cheol / Thapa, Hem / Chen, Sixue / Devarenne, Timothy P / Munnik, Teun / He, Ping / Shan, Libo

Cell

2024 Volume 187, Issue 3, Page(s) 609–623.e21

Abstract: Phosphatidic acid (PA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial cellular messengers mediating diverse signaling processes in metazoans and plants. How PA homeostasis is tightly regulated and intertwined with ROS signaling upon immune elicitation ... ...

Abstract	Phosphatidic acid (PA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial cellular messengers mediating diverse signaling processes in metazoans and plants. How PA homeostasis is tightly regulated and intertwined with ROS signaling upon immune elicitation remains elusive. We report here that Arabidopsis diacylglycerol kinase 5 (DGK5) regulates plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-associated kinase BIK1 phosphorylates DGK5 at Ser-506, leading to a rapid PA burst and activation of plant immunity, whereas PRR-activated intracellular MPK4 phosphorylates DGK5 at Thr-446, which subsequently suppresses DGK5 activity and PA production, resulting in attenuated plant immunity. PA binds and stabilizes the NADPH oxidase RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RBOHD), regulating ROS production in plant PTI and ETI, and their potentiation. Our data indicate that distinct phosphorylation of DGK5 by PRR-activated BIK1 and MPK4 balances the homeostasis of cellular PA burst that regulates ROS generation in coordinating two branches of plant immunity.
MeSH term(s)	Arabidopsis/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism ; Diacylglycerol Kinase/metabolism ; NADPH Oxidases/metabolism ; Phosphatidic Acids/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Plant Immunity ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Arabidopsis Proteins ; BIK1 protein, Arabidopsis (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Diacylglycerol Kinase (EC 2.7.1.107) ; NADPH Oxidases (EC 1.6.3.-) ; Phosphatidic Acids ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187009-9
ISSN	1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
ISSN (online)	1097-4172
ISSN	0092-8674
DOI	10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.030
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Zs.A 1167: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article: Structure of the polysaccharide sheath from the B race of the green microalga Botryococcus braunii

Heiss, Christian / Black, Ian / Ishihara, Mayumi / Tatli, Mehmet / Devarenne, Timothy P / Azadi, Parastoo

Algal research. 2021 May, v. 55

2021

Abstract: The green microalga Botryococcus braunii forms a colony of cells held together by an intricate extracellular matrix. This extracellular matrix also acts as a storage location for liquid hydrocarbons initially produced inside the cells. These hydrocarbons ...

Abstract	The green microalga Botryococcus braunii forms a colony of cells held together by an intricate extracellular matrix. This extracellular matrix also acts as a storage location for liquid hydrocarbons initially produced inside the cells. These hydrocarbons can be used as feedstocks to produce transportation fuels. In the B race of B. braunii, the extracellular matrix is composed of several elements: a cross-linked hydrocarbon network filled with the liquid hydrocarbons, a retaining wall to hold the hydrocarbons in the extracellular matrix, an arabinogalactan polysaccharide fibrillar sheath that extends outward from the retaining wall, and a single protein known as polysaccharide associated protein is found at the base of the polysaccharide fibers where they connect to the retaining wall. During growth, colonies of the B race of B. braunii shed fragments of the retaining wall with polysaccharide fibrils attached into the media. Here we describe the isolation and structural analysis of these polysaccharides using a series of chemical degradations in combination with glycosyl residue composition and linkage analysis, as well as 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the polysaccharide is highly branched, consisting of a galactan backbone with short branches comprised of d-galactopyranose, l-arabinofuranose, 4-O-methyl-d-glucopyranuronic acid, and 6-deoxy-d-altropyranose. To our knowledge, this is the first description of 6-deoxyaltrose in algae or plants.
Keywords	Botryococcus braunii ; arabinogalactans ; crosslinking ; extracellular matrix ; feedstocks ; liquids ; microalgae ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; research ; transportation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-05
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ISSN	2211-9264
DOI	10.1016/j.algal.2021.102252
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Article ; Online: The plant cell death suppressor Adi3 interacts with the autophagic protein Atg8h.

Devarenne, Timothy P

Biochemical and biophysical research communications

2011 Volume 412, Issue 4, Page(s) 699–703

Abstract: The tomato AGC protein kinase Adi3 is known to function as a suppressor of PCD and silencing of Adi3 leads to spontaneous cell death on leaves and stems. In an effort to isolate Adi3 interacting proteins, a yeast two-hybrid screen was carried out and ... ...

Abstract	The tomato AGC protein kinase Adi3 is known to function as a suppressor of PCD and silencing of Adi3 leads to spontaneous cell death on leaves and stems. In an effort to isolate Adi3 interacting proteins, a yeast two-hybrid screen was carried out and identified the autophagy protein Atg8h as an Adi3 interactor. This interaction occurred independent of the kinase activity status of Adi3. Silencing of genes involved in autophagy is known to eliminate the restriction of pathogen-induced PCD to a few cells and leads to run away PCD. Cosilencing Adi3 with several autophagy genes lead to the same run away cell death suggesting Adi3 may be involved in autophagic regulation of PCD.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Apoptosis ; Arabidopsis/enzymology ; Arabidopsis/metabolism ; Autophagy ; Gene Silencing ; Lycopersicon esculentum/enzymology ; Lycopersicon esculentum/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Plant Cells ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Plants/genetics ; Plants/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/genetics ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Solanum tuberosum ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
Chemical Substances	Plant Proteins ; Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-09-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	205723-2
ISSN	1090-2104 ; 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
ISSN (online)	1090-2104 ; 0006-291X
ISSN	0006-291X
DOI	10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.031
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Article: Microfluidic systems for microalgal biotechnology: A review

Kim, Hyun Soo / Devarenne, Timothy P / Han, Arum

Algal research. 2018 Mar., v. 30

2018

Abstract: Microalgae have a demonstrated potential as producers of high-quality renewable biofuel feedstocks as well as other high-value chemicals. However, significant improvements from microalgal biology and strain development to downstream processing are ... ...

Abstract	Microalgae have a demonstrated potential as producers of high-quality renewable biofuel feedstocks as well as other high-value chemicals. However, significant improvements from microalgal biology and strain development to downstream processing are required to achieve economically viable microalgae-derived biofuels and bioproducts. Mainstream techniques used in microalgal research are based on conventional cell culture and cell handling systems, which are bulky, labor-intensive, time-consuming, and also limited in throughput. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip systems can offer cost- and time-efficient alternatives to advance microalgal biofuel and bioproduction research by providing high precision and high efficiency cell/reagent handling capabilities, enabling high-throughput assays in a fully automated fashion. Here, we review recent advances in the development and application of microfluidic lab-on-a-chip systems for microalgal biotechnology, especially microalgae-based biofuels, including microsystems for single-cell resolution high-throughput cell identification and separation, highly efficient cell transformation, high-throughput parallel cell cultivation, cell harvesting, and cell analysis applications. Other microfluidic applications such as microalgae-based fuel cells and microalgae-based biosensing platforms are also reviewed towards the end. We conclude by suggesting possible future directions on how microfluidic lab-on-a-chip systems can be utilized to overcome current challenges and improve the current status in microalgal biotechnology.
Keywords	automation ; biofuels ; biotechnology ; cell culture ; cell harvesting ; economic sustainability ; feedstocks ; fuel cells ; lab-on-a-chip technology ; microalgae
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-03
Size	p. 149-161.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	2211-9264
DOI	10.1016/j.algal.2017.11.020
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Article ; Online: An unexpected role for tomato threonine deaminase 2 in host defense against bacterial infection.

Yeo, In-Cheol / de Azevedo Manhaes, Ana Marcia Escocard / Liu, Jun / Avila, Julian / He, Ping / Devarenne, Timothy P

Plant physiology

2022 Volume 192, Issue 1, Page(s) 527–545

Abstract: The hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) often act antagonistically in controlling plant defense pathways in response to hemibiotrophs/biotrophs (hemi/biotroph) and herbivores/necrotrophs, respectively. Threonine deaminase (TD) converts ... ...

Abstract	The hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) often act antagonistically in controlling plant defense pathways in response to hemibiotrophs/biotrophs (hemi/biotroph) and herbivores/necrotrophs, respectively. Threonine deaminase (TD) converts threonine to α-ketobutyrate and ammonia as the committed step in isoleucine (Ile) biosynthesis and contributes to JA responses by producing the Ile needed to make the bioactive JA-Ile conjugate. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants have two TD genes: TD1 and TD2. A defensive role for TD2 against herbivores has been characterized in relation to JA-Ile production. However, it remains unknown whether TD2 is also involved in host defense against bacterial hemi/biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. Here, we show that in response to the bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flagellin flg22 peptide, an activator of SA-based defense responses, TD2 activity is compromised, possibly through carboxy-terminal cleavage. TD2 knockdown (KD) plants showed increased resistance to the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae but were more susceptible to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, suggesting TD2 plays opposite roles in response to hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. This TD2 KD plant differential response to different pathogens is consistent with SA- and JA-regulated defense gene expression. flg22-treated TD2 KD plants showed high expression levels of SA-responsive genes, whereas TD2 KD plants treated with the fungal PAMP chitin showed low expression levels of JA-responsive genes. This study indicates TD2 acts negatively in defense against hemibiotrophs and positively against necrotrophs and provides insight into a new TD2 function in the elaborate crosstalk between SA and JA signaling induced by pathogen infection.
MeSH term(s)	Solanum lycopersicum/genetics ; Threonine Dehydratase/genetics ; Threonine Dehydratase/metabolism ; Cyclopentanes/pharmacology ; Cyclopentanes/metabolism ; Oxylipins/pharmacology ; Oxylipins/metabolism ; Bacterial Infections ; Salicylic Acid/pharmacology ; Salicylic Acid/metabolism ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Botrytis/physiology
Chemical Substances	jasmonoyl-isoleucine ; Threonine Dehydratase (EC 4.3.1.19) ; Cyclopentanes ; jasmonic acid (6RI5N05OWW) ; Oxylipins ; Salicylic Acid (O414PZ4LPZ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	208914-2
ISSN	1532-2548 ; 0032-0889
ISSN (online)	1532-2548
ISSN	0032-0889
DOI	10.1093/plphys/kiac584
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Article: N-terminal sequences affect expression of triterpene biosynthesis enzymes in Chlamydomonas chloroplasts

Hsu, Shih-Chi / Browne, Daniel R / Tatli, Mehmet / Devarenne, Timothy P / Stern, David B

Algal research. 2019 Dec., v. 44

2019

Abstract: Metabolic engineering is an emerging technology to modify the biochemical properties of living cells. In microalgae, metabolic engineering has often been directed towards optimizing the production of desirable lipids or related bioproducts. Here we ... ...

Abstract	Metabolic engineering is an emerging technology to modify the biochemical properties of living cells. In microalgae, metabolic engineering has often been directed towards optimizing the production of desirable lipids or related bioproducts. Here we describe efforts to engineer the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for the production of botryococcene, a drop-in biofuel precursor. Genes encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS) and squalene synthase-like (SSL)-1 and -3, were introduced into the chloroplast genome using biolistic transformation. Through a series of construct modifications, we identified intergenic sequences that promote expression of stable, discrete transcripts. We also found amino acids that dramatically increased the accumulation of SSL-3 when they were inserted at the N-terminal penultimate position, and similar manipulation of the N-terminal sequence of FPS appeared to improve its protein level as well. However, SSL-1 only accumulated to detectable levels when expressed as a chimera with SSL-3. In vitro assays showed that chloroplast-expressed SSL-3 was enzymatically active, but not SSL-1, although the SSL-1-SSL-3 chimeras were active when expressed in yeast. Taken together, our results suggest that the N-terminal sequence and other cellular factors are important when heterologous proteins are expressed in this model algal species.
Keywords	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; amino acids ; biofuels ; biolistics ; biosynthesis ; chloroplast genome ; chloroplasts ; enzymes ; genes ; in vitro studies ; intergenic DNA ; lipids ; metabolic engineering ; microalgae ; models ; protein content ; proteins ; squalene ; triterpenoids ; yeasts
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-12
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	2211-9264
DOI	10.1016/j.algal.2019.101662
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Article ; Online: Ubiquitination of the tomato cell death suppressor Adi3 by the RING E3 ubiquitin ligase AdBiL.

Avila, Julian / Devarenne, Timothy P

Biochemical and biophysical research communications

2013 Volume 430, Issue 1, Page(s) 119–124

Abstract: Programmed cell death (PCD) is an organized process by which organisms selectively remove cells according to developmental needs or in response to biotic or abiotic stress. Despite recent efforts to understand mechanisms by which cell death takes place ... ...

Abstract	Programmed cell death (PCD) is an organized process by which organisms selectively remove cells according to developmental needs or in response to biotic or abiotic stress. Despite recent efforts to understand mechanisms by which cell death takes place in plants, several gaps remain in our understanding of the molecular elements involved. The tomato PCD suppressor Adi3 is an AGC kinase that shares functional homology with the mammalian inhibitor of apoptosis PKB. Regulation of PKB stability, cell localization, and activation state is achieved through post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination. In an effort to understand the regulation of Adi3 function, we studied its interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase AdBiL. Using in vitro ubiquitination assays we show that AdBiL is an active E3 ubiquitin ligase using the E2 ubiquitin ligase UBC8 to ubiquitinate Adi3. Adi3 is also degraded in a proteasome-dependent manner. Our data draws additional parallels between Adi3 and PKB to support the functional relationship between these two PCD regulators.
MeSH term(s)	Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism ; Enzyme Stability ; Lycopersicon esculentum/cytology ; Lycopersicon esculentum/enzymology ; Lycopersicon esculentum/physiology ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; RING Finger Domains ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Ubiquitination
Chemical Substances	Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Plant Proteins ; Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes (EC 2.3.2.23) ; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC8 (EC 2.3.2.23) ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27) ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	205723-2
ISSN	1090-2104 ; 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
ISSN (online)	1090-2104 ; 0006-291X
ISSN	0006-291X
DOI	10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.043
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