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Article ; Online: Mapping Gilles de la Tourette syndrome through the distress and relief associated with tic-related behaviors: an fMRI study.

Zapparoli, Laura / Devoto, Francantonio / Mariano, Marika / Seghezzi, Silvia / Servello, Domenico / Porta, Mauro / Paulesu, Eraldo

Translational psychiatry

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 7

Abstract: Personal distress associated with tic urges or inhibition and relief associated with tic production are defining features of the personal experience in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). These affective phenomena have not been studied using fMRI, ... ...

Abstract	Personal distress associated with tic urges or inhibition and relief associated with tic production are defining features of the personal experience in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). These affective phenomena have not been studied using fMRI, hindering our understanding of GTS pathophysiology and possible treatments. Here, we present a novel cross-sectional fMRI study designed to map tic-related phenomenology using distress and relief as predicting variables. We adopted a mental imagery approach and dissected the brain activity associated with different phases of tic behaviors, premonitory urges, and the ensuing tic execution or inhibition: these were compared with the mental simulation of "relaxed situations" and pre-determined stereotyped motor behaviors. We then explored whether the ensuing brain patterns correlated with the distress or relief perceived for the different phases of the tasks. Patients experienced a higher level of distress during the imagery of tic-triggering scenarios and no relief during tic inhibition. On the other hand, patients experienced significant relief during tic imagery. Distress during tic-triggering scenarios and relief during tic imagery were significantly correlated. The distress perceived during urges correlated with increased activation in cortical sensorimotor areas, suggesting a motor alarm. Conversely, relief during tic execution was positively associated with the activity of a subcortical network. The activity of the putamen was associated with both distress during urges and relief during tic execution. These findings highlight the importance of assessing the affective component of tic-related phenomenology. Subcortical structures may be causally involved in the affective component of tic pathophysiology, with the putamen playing a central role in both tic urge and generation. We believe that our results can be readily translated into clinical practice for the development of personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient's unique needs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Tics/diagnostic imaging ; Tourette Syndrome/diagnostic imaging ; Inhibition, Psychological
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2609311-X
ISSN	2158-3188 ; 2158-3188
ISSN (online)	2158-3188
ISSN	2158-3188
DOI	10.1038/s41398-023-02711-z
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Neural circuits mediating food cue-reactivity: Toward a new model shaping the interplay of internal and external factors.

Devoto, Francantonio / Coricelli, Carol / Paulesu, Eraldo / Zapparoli, Laura

Frontiers in nutrition

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 954523

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2022.954523
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Article ; Online: How the harm of drugs and their availability affect brain reactions to drug cues: a meta-analysis of 64 neuroimaging activation studies.

Devoto, F / Zapparoli, L / Spinelli, G / Scotti, G / Paulesu, E

Translational psychiatry

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 429

Abstract: Visual drug cues are powerful triggers of craving in drug abusers contributing to enduring addiction. According to previous qualitative reviews, the response of the orbitofrontal cortex to such cues is sensitive to whether subjects are seeking treatment. ...

Abstract	Visual drug cues are powerful triggers of craving in drug abusers contributing to enduring addiction. According to previous qualitative reviews, the response of the orbitofrontal cortex to such cues is sensitive to whether subjects are seeking treatment. Here we re-evaluate this proposal and assessed whether the nature of the drug matters. To this end, we performed a quantitative meta-analysis of 64 neuroimaging studies on drug-cue reactivity across legal (nicotine, alcohol) or illegal substances (cocaine, heroin). We used the ALE algorithm and a hierarchical clustering analysis followed by a cluster composition statistical analysis to assess the association of brain clusters with the nature of the substance, treatment status, and their interaction. Visual drug cues activate the mesocorticolimbic system and more so in abusers of illegal substances, suggesting that the illegal substances considered induce a deeper sensitization of the reward circuitry. Treatment status had a different modulatory role for legal and illegal substance abusers in anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal areas involved in inter-temporal decision making. The class of the substance and the treatment status are crucial and interacting factors that modulate the neural reactivity to drug cues. The orbitofrontal cortex is not sensitive to the treatment status per se, rather to the interaction of these factors. We discuss that these varying effects might be mediated by internal predispositions such as the intention to quit from drugs and external contingencies such as the daily life environmental availability of the drugs, the ease of getting them and the time frame of potential reward through drug consumption.
MeSH term(s)	Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Cues ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuroimaging ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Reward
Chemical Substances	Pharmaceutical Preparations
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2609311-X
ISSN	2158-3188 ; 2158-3188
ISSN (online)	2158-3188
ISSN	2158-3188
DOI	10.1038/s41398-020-01115-7
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Article ; Online: How images of food become cravingly salient in obesity.

Devoto, Francantonio / Ferrulli, Anna / Banfi, Giuseppe / Luzi, Livio / Zapparoli, Laura / Paulesu, Eraldo

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

2023 Volume 31, Issue 9, Page(s) 2294–2303

Abstract: Objective: This case-control study was aimed at testing two main hypotheses: (i) obesity is characterized by neurofunctional alterations within the mesocorticolimbic reward system, a brain network originating from the midbrain ventral tegmental area ( ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This case-control study was aimed at testing two main hypotheses: (i) obesity is characterized by neurofunctional alterations within the mesocorticolimbic reward system, a brain network originating from the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA); and (ii) these alterations are associated with a bias for food-related stimuli and craving. Methods: Normal-weight individuals and individuals with obesity underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan and the assessment of impulsivity, food craving, appetite, and implicit bias for food and non-food stimuli. The VTA was used as a seed to map, for each participant, the strength of its functional connections with the rest of the brain. The between-group difference in functional connectivity was then computed, and brain-behavior correlations were performed. Results: Individuals with obesity showed hyper-connectivity of the VTA with part of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex, recently found to be specialized for food images, and hypo-connectivity with the left inferior frontal gyrus, devoted to cognitive control. VTA-ventral occipitotemporal cortex connectivity was positively associated with food craving and food-related bias; the reverse correlation was observed for VTA-inferior frontal gyrus connectivity. Conclusions: These findings reveal that, in obesity, food-related visual stimuli become cravingly salient through an imbalanced connectivity of the reward system with sensory-specific regions and the frontal cortex involved in cognitive control.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Case-Control Studies ; Food ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Cortex ; Obesity/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2230457-5
ISSN	1930-739X ; 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
ISSN (online)	1930-739X
ISSN	1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
DOI	10.1002/oby.23834
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Zs.MG 87: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Neural structural abnormalities behind altered brain activation in obesity: Evidence from meta-analyses of brain activation and morphometric data.

Zapparoli, Laura / Devoto, Francantonio / Giannini, Gianluigi / Zonca, Sara / Gallo, Francesca / Paulesu, Eraldo

NeuroImage. Clinical

2022 Volume 36, Page(s) 103179

Abstract: Obesity represents a risk factor for disability with a major bearing on life expectancy. Neuroimaging techniques are contributing to clarify its neurobiological underpinnings. Here, we explored whether structural brain abnormalities might accompany ... ...

Abstract	Obesity represents a risk factor for disability with a major bearing on life expectancy. Neuroimaging techniques are contributing to clarify its neurobiological underpinnings. Here, we explored whether structural brain abnormalities might accompany altered brain activations in obesity. We combined and compared data from brain activation studies for food stimuli and the data reported in structural voxel-based morphometry studies. We found that obese individuals have reduced grey matter density and functional activations in the thalamus and midbrain. A functional connectivity analysis based on these two clusters and its quantitative decoding showed that these regions are part of the reward system functional brain network. Moreover, we found specific grey matter hypo-densities in prefrontal cortex for the obese subjects, regions involved in controlled behaviour. These results support theories of obesity that point to reduced bottom-up reward processes (i.e., the Reward Deficit Theory), but also top-down theories postulating a deficit in cognitive control (i.e., the Inhibitory Control Deficit Theory). The same results also warrant a more systematic exploration of obesity whereby the reward of food and the intentional control over consummatory behaviour is manipulated.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2701571-3
ISSN	2213-1582 ; 2213-1582
ISSN (online)	2213-1582
ISSN	2213-1582
DOI	10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103179
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Article ; Online: Repetitive deep TMS for the reduction of body weight: Bimodal effect on the functional brain connectivity in "diabesity".

Devoto, Francantonio / Ferrulli, Anna / Zapparoli, Laura / Massarini, Stefano / Banfi, Giuseppe / Paulesu, Eraldo / Luzi, Livio

Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD

2021 Volume 31, Issue 6, Page(s) 1860–1870

Abstract: Background and aims: Deep repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (deep rTMS) over the bilateral insula and prefrontal cortex (PFC) can promote weight-loss in obesity, preventing cardiometabolic complications as Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). To ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Deep repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (deep rTMS) over the bilateral insula and prefrontal cortex (PFC) can promote weight-loss in obesity, preventing cardiometabolic complications as Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). To investigate the changes in the functional brain integration after dTMS, we conducted a resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) study in obesity. Methods and results: This preliminary study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study: 9 participants were treated with high-frequency stimulation (realTMS group), 8 were sham-treated (shamTMS group). Out of the 17 enrolled patients, 6 were affected by T2D. Resting-state fMRI scans were acquired at baseline (T0) and after the 5-week intervention (T1). Body weight was measured at three time points [T0, T1, 1-month follow-up visit (FU1)]. A mixed-model analysis showed a significant group-by-time interaction for body weight (p = .04), with a significant decrease (p < .001) in the realTMS group. The rsFC data revealed a significant increase of degree centrality for the realTMS group in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and a significant decrease in the occipital pole. Conclusion: An increase of whole-brain functional connections of the mOFC, together with the decrease of whole-brain functional connections with the occipital pole, may reflect a brain mechanism behind weight-loss through a diminished reactivity to bottom-up visual-sensory processes in favor of increased reliance on top-down decision-making processes. Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03009695.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/physiopathology ; Brain Mapping ; Choice Behavior ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Middle Aged ; Neural Pathways/physiopathology ; Obesity/diagnosis ; Obesity/physiopathology ; Obesity/psychology ; Obesity/therapy ; Reward ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Weight Loss
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1067704-5
ISSN	1590-3729 ; 0939-4753
ISSN (online)	1590-3729
ISSN	0939-4753
DOI	10.1016/j.numecd.2021.02.015
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Zs.A 3149: Show issues

Location:
Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Trends and Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Morocco

Lopez-Acevedo, Gladys / Devoto, Florencia / Morales, Matias / Roche Rodriguez, Jaime

An Initial Exploratory Analysis

2021

Abstract: The U-shape theory argues that at early stages of development, countries experience a reduction in the female labor force participation, eventually followed by a recovery. In Morocco, female labor force participation is now lower than it was two decades ... ...

Abstract	The U-shape theory argues that at early stages of development, countries experience a reduction in the female labor force participation, eventually followed by a recovery. In Morocco, female labor force participation is now lower than it was two decades ago due to several factors that are discussed in the paper. There is also a persistent 50-percentage-points gender gap in labor force participation rates, despite improvements typically related to development and female inclusion—such as a higher gross domestic product per capita, lower fertility rates, and better access to education. At the same time, urban job creation has not been able to offset rural job destruction nor the increase in the working age population for both genders. Using data from the Moroccan Labor Force Survey, the World Values Survey, and the Arab Barometer, probit models and a multinomial logit are estimated to explore the challenges affecting female insertion into the labor market. The findings show that higher educational attainment increases the probability of female participation, but this relationship has decreased over time, not being enough to offset other obstacles caused by other individual and household characteristics. Being married and the presence of other inactive women are found to decrease female participation. The educational level of the head of household (typically men) increases female inactivity, suggesting that potentially gender roles may drive women out of the labor market and slow the recovery in women's participation.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; J16 ; J21 ; O54 ; Morocco ; female ; labor force participation
Subject code	331
Language	English
Publisher	Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Altered sense of agency in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: behavioural, clinical and functional magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Zapparoli, Laura / Seghezzi, Silvia / Devoto, Francantonio / Mariano, Marika / Banfi, Giuseppe / Porta, Mauro / Paulesu, Eraldo

Brain communications

2020 Volume 2, Issue 2, Page(s) fcaa204

Abstract: Current neurocognitive models of motor control postulate that accurate action monitoring is crucial for a normal experience of agency-the ability to attribute the authorship of our actions and their consequences to ourselves. Recent studies demonstrated ... ...

Abstract	Current neurocognitive models of motor control postulate that accurate action monitoring is crucial for a normal experience of agency-the ability to attribute the authorship of our actions and their consequences to ourselves. Recent studies demonstrated that action monitoring is impaired in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, a movement disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. It follows that Tourette syndrome patients may suffer from a perturbed sense of agency, the hypothesis tested in this study. To this end, we recruited 25 Tourette syndrome patients and 25 matched healthy controls in a case-control behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging study. As an implicit index of the sense of agency, we measured the intentional binding phenomenon, i.e., the perceived temporal compression between voluntary movements and their external consequences. We found evidence of an impaired sense of agency in Tourette syndrome patients who, as a group, did not show a significant intentional binding. The more reduced was the individual intentional binding, the more severe were the motor symptoms. Specific differences between the two groups were also observed in terms of brain activation patterns. In the healthy controls group, the magnitude of the intentional binding was associated with the activity of a premotor-parietal-cerebellar network. This relationship was not present in the Tourette syndrome group, suggesting an altered activation of the agency brain network for self-generated acts. We conclude that the less accurate action monitoring described in Tourette syndrome also involves the assessment of the consequences of actions in the outside world. We discuss that this may lead to difficulties in distinguishing external consequences produced by their own actions from the ones caused by others in Tourette syndrome patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2632-1297
ISSN (online)	2632-1297
DOI	10.1093/braincomms/fcaa204
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Hungry brains: A meta-analytical review of brain activation imaging studies on food perception and appetite in obese individuals.

Devoto, F / Zapparoli, L / Bonandrini, R / Berlingeri, M / Ferrulli, A / Luzi, L / Banfi, G / Paulesu, E

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

2018 Volume 94, Page(s) 271–285

Abstract: The dysregulation of food intake in chronic obesity has been explained by different theories. To assess their explanatory power, we meta-analyzed 22 brain-activation imaging studies. We found that obese individuals exhibit hyper-responsivity of the brain ...

Abstract	The dysregulation of food intake in chronic obesity has been explained by different theories. To assess their explanatory power, we meta-analyzed 22 brain-activation imaging studies. We found that obese individuals exhibit hyper-responsivity of the brain regions involved in taste and reward for food-related stimuli. Consistent with a Reward Surfeit Hypothesis, obese individuals exhibit a ventral striatum hyper-responsivity in response to pure tastes, particularly when fasting. Furthermore, we found that obese subjects display more frequent ventral striatal activation for visual food cues when satiated: this continued processing within the reward system, together with the aforementioned evidence, is compatible with the Incentive Sensitization Theory. On the other hand, we did not find univocal evidence in favor of a Reward Deficit Hypothesis nor for a systematic deficit of inhibitory cognitive control. We conclude that the available brain activation data on the dysregulated food intake and food-related behavior in chronic obesity can be best framed within an Incentive Sensitization Theory. Implications of these findings for a brain-based therapy of obesity are briefly discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Appetite/physiology ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/physiopathology ; Food ; Humans ; Neuroimaging ; Obesity/diagnostic imaging ; Obesity/physiopathology ; Obesity/psychology ; Perception/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	282464-4
ISSN	1873-7528 ; 0149-7634
ISSN (online)	1873-7528
ISSN	0149-7634
DOI	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.07.017
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Zs.A 1371: Show issues

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Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Book: Historia de la inmigración en la Argentina

Devoto, Fernando

(Colección Historia Argentina)

2009

Author's details	Fernando Devoto
Series title	Colección Historia Argentina
Language	Spanish
Size	527 S., graph. Darst., Kt.
Edition	3. ed. y primera en este formato
Publisher	Ed. Sudamericana
Publishing place	Buenos Aires
Document type	Book
ISBN	9789500730396 ; 9500730391
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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