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Article: Effects of Nutrient Solution Electrical Conductivity on the Leaf Gas Exchange, Biochemical Stress Markers, Growth, Stigma Yield, and Daughter Corm Yield of Saffron in a Plant Factory

Dewir, Yaser Hassan / Alsadon, Abdullah

Horticulturae. 2022 July 23, v. 8, no. 8

2022

Abstract: Indoor saffron farming systems under controlled conditions are required to meet the high demand for this valuable crop. The aim of the present study was to determine the flowering, growth, and yield responses of saffron grown using nutrient solutions ... ...

Abstract	Indoor saffron farming systems under controlled conditions are required to meet the high demand for this valuable crop. The aim of the present study was to determine the flowering, growth, and yield responses of saffron grown using nutrient solutions with different electrical conductivity (EC) levels (0.7, 1.4, and 2.1 dS m⁻¹). Sprouted saffron corms were cultured for 24 weeks under a volcanic rock-based aerated continuous immersion system. Vegetative growth and leaf gas exchange, but not flowering, were affected significantly by EC levels. The optimal EC in a balanced nutrient solution was 0.7 dS m⁻¹, at which level the highest plant height, leaf area, biomass, photosynthetic rate, number of daughter corms, and percentage of corms ≥ 25 mm were recorded. An EC level of 2.1 dS m⁻¹ decreased the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of saffron but increased biochemical stress marker levels and elevated various antioxidant defense enzyme levels significantly in saffron leaves, possibly reflecting a defense response to the cellular damage provoked by the higher EC level. In terms of nutrient solution EC, 0.7 dS m⁻¹ was optimal in saffron, whereas 2.1 dS m⁻¹ caused oxidative stress that led to reduced growth and daughter corm production.
Keywords	antioxidant activity ; biomass ; corms ; electrical conductivity ; enzymes ; gas exchange ; leaf area ; leaves ; nutrient solutions ; oxidative stress ; photosynthesis ; plant height ; saffron ; stigma ; stomatal conductance ; vegetative growth
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0723
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2813983-5
ISSN	2311-7524
ISSN	2311-7524
DOI	10.3390/horticulturae8080673
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Ability of Different Growth Indicators to Detect Salt Tolerance of Advanced Spring Wheat Lines Grown in Real Field Conditions.

Mubushar, Muhammad / El-Hendawy, Salah / Dewir, Yaser Hassan / Al-Suhaibani, Nasser

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 13, Issue 6

Abstract: Plant growth indicators (GIs) are important for evaluating how different genotypes respond to normal and stress conditions separately. They consider both the morphological and physiological components of plants between two successive growth stages. ... ...

Abstract	Plant growth indicators (GIs) are important for evaluating how different genotypes respond to normal and stress conditions separately. They consider both the morphological and physiological components of plants between two successive growth stages. Despite their significance, GIs are not commonly used as screening criteria for detecting salt tolerance of genotypes. In this study, 36 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) along with four genotypes differing in their salt tolerance were grown under normal and 150 mM NaCl in a two-year field trial. The performance and salt tolerance of these germplasms were assessed through various GIs. The analysis of variance showed highly significant variation between salinity levels, genotypes, and their interaction for all GIs and other traits in each year and combined data for two years, with a few exceptions. All traits and GIs were significantly reduced by salinity stress, except for relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and specific leaf weight (SLW), which increased under salinity conditions. Traits and GIs were more correlated with each other under salinity than under normal conditions. Principal component analysis organized traits and GIs into three main groups under both conditions, with RGR, NAR, and specific leaf area (SLA) closely associated with grain yield (GY) and harvest index, while leaf area duration (LAD) was closely associated with green leaf area (GLA), plant dry weight (PDW), and leaf area index (LAI). A hierarchical clustering heatmap based on GIs and traits organized germplasms into three and four groups under normal and salinity conditions, respectively. Based on the values of traits and GIs for each group, the germplasms varied from high- to low-performing groups under normal conditions and from salt-tolerant to salt-sensitive groups under salinity conditions. RGR, NAR, and LAD were important factors determining genotypic variation in GY of high- and low-performing groups, while all GIs, except leaf area duration (LAR), were major factors describing genotypic variation in GY of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive groups. In conclusion, different GIs that reveal the relationship between the morphological and physiological components of genotypes could serve as valuable selection criteria for evaluating the performance of genotypes under normal conditions and their salt tolerance under salinity stress conditions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants13060882
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Micromorphology of Barleria albostellata (Grey Barleria) Flower and Pollen Grains

Gangaram, Serisha / Naidoo, Yougasphree / Dewir, Yaser Hassan / Singh, Moganavelli / Magyar-Tábori, Katalin

Horticulturae. 2023 June 21, v. 9, no. 7

2023

Abstract: Barleria albostellata C.B. Clarke (grey barleria, Acanthaceae) is an indigenous shrub to South Africa and has been relatively understudied. This shrub is a valuable medicinal plant with a wide spectrum of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. ... ...

Abstract	Barleria albostellata C.B. Clarke (grey barleria, Acanthaceae) is an indigenous shrub to South Africa and has been relatively understudied. This shrub is a valuable medicinal plant with a wide spectrum of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Detailed studies on the floral and pollen morphology on B. albostellata are rare. This study was conducted to observe the morphology of the flower and pollen grains using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphological observations showed numerous non-glandular trichomes on the bracteoles and bracts of B. albostellata. Three types of trichomes were identified on these structures: I—unicellular, II—multangulate-dendritic branched non-glandular trichomes, and III—capitate glandular trichomes. A taxonomical description of the floral structures using stereo and SEM micrographs is provided. SEM micrographs revealed the pollen grains as globose tricolporate with a rough honeycomb exine, and small granules inside the lumina. The diameter of the pollen grains was 77.53 ± 5.63 μm, whereas the aperture of these grains was 14.31 ± 0.59 µm. This study provides insight into the floral biology of B. albostellata, and the results presented here will add to the body of knowledge and encourage further research on this species.
Keywords	Barleria ; electron microscopy ; exine ; flower morphology ; flowers ; medicinal plants ; microstructure ; pollen morphology ; shrubs ; trichomes ; tricolporate pollen ; South Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0621
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2813983-5
ISSN	2311-7524
ISSN	2311-7524
DOI	10.3390/horticulturae9070732
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Biological Activity of Combretum erythrophyllum: Antioxidant, Apoptotic, and Cytotoxic Activity of the Leaf and Stembark Extract

Bantho, Sahejna / Naidoo, Yougasphree / Dewir, Yaser Hassan / Singh, Moganavelli / Bantho, Ayuvna

Horticulturae. 2023 Feb. 23, v. 9, no. 3

2023

Abstract: Species of Combretum are highly valued in Africa due to the plethora of traditional medicinal uses they may offer and the medicinally important phytometabolites they are known to contain. Traditionally, C. erythrophyllum is used to treat bacterial ... ...

Abstract	Species of Combretum are highly valued in Africa due to the plethora of traditional medicinal uses they may offer and the medicinally important phytometabolites they are known to contain. Traditionally, C. erythrophyllum is used to treat bacterial infections, venereal diseases, abdominal pain, sores, infertility, and labour pains, while displaying, anti-viral, anti-parasitic, cytotoxic, and mutagenic activities. There are numerous published works available on the bioactivity of phytometabolites of the leaf extracts of C. erythrophyllum; however there have been limited or no studies published on the bioactivity of the stembark. Hence, this study aimed to provide a comparative analysis of the biological activity of the leaf and stembark extracts of C. erythrophyllum. The following characters were evaluated through the emanating study: total flavonoid and phenolic content, as well as the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptosis activities of the leaf and stembark extract. Methanolic extracts appeared to have the highest possible antioxidant potential among all of the tested extracts and displayed the lowest IC50 values (leaf 5.29 and stembark 4.29 µg/mL) when evaluated using the DPPH assay, the methanolic extracts appeared to quantify the largest amount of compositional phenolic content (1341.05 ± 4.4 mg/GAE/g). Methanolic extracts were the best performing, with the overall lowest IC50 values when tested against HeLa and HEK293 cells (leaf 54.53 µg/mL and stembark 18.30 µg/mL). A positive correlation between % inhibition and extract concentrations was noted for all of the assays. The extent/level of antioxidant activity was seen to be directly proportional to the flavonoid and phenolic content. Extracts with the highest total phenolic content appeared to display the strongest cytotoxic activity. This study integrated the use of fluorescence microscopy with acridine orange staining in order to accurately determine the viability of cells. A direct correlation was observed between the results obtained from the cytotoxicity and apoptosis assay. It may be concluded that the antioxidant properties, total phenolic, and total flavonoid content were directly proportional to the apoptotic and cytotoxic activity expressed by the tested extracts. Focus should now be placed on isolating phytocompounds of importance from the best performing extracts. The transformation of an isolate into a drug of pharmacological importance has yet to be appraised on a large scale. Therefore, further evaluation of this species and particularly the transformation of the isolates needs to be explored as this species has shown immense medicinal potential.
Keywords	Combretum ; Erythrophyllum ; acridine orange ; antioxidant activity ; antioxidants ; apoptosis ; cytotoxicity ; drugs ; flavonoids ; fluorescence microscopy ; inhibitory concentration 50 ; labor ; leaves ; mutagens ; pain ; Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0223
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2813983-5
ISSN	2311-7524
ISSN	2311-7524
DOI	10.3390/horticulturae9030305
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Vegetative Growth and Productivity of Potted Crocus sativus in Different Growing Media

El-Mahrouk, Mohammed E. / Dewir, Yaser Hassan / El-Ramady, Hassan / Seliem, Mayada Kadri

Horticulturae. 2023 Mar. 14, v. 9, no. 3

2023

Abstract: Saffron (Crocus sativus) is the most expensive spice in the world and a valuable medicinal plant. In this study, the flowering, vegetative growth performance, and daughter corm formation of potted saffron were investigated in six growing media: loamy ... ...

Abstract	Saffron (Crocus sativus) is the most expensive spice in the world and a valuable medicinal plant. In this study, the flowering, vegetative growth performance, and daughter corm formation of potted saffron were investigated in six growing media: loamy soil, silty soil, sandy soil, peatmoss, peatmoss + sandy soil, and peatmoss + foam. The highest values of the stigma fresh weight, the root weight, and the number and diameter of daughter corms were observed in plants grown in soil with a light texture, i.e., sandy soil or peatmoss + foam, although smaller daughter corms were produced by sandy soil-grown plants. Compared with loamy soil (heavy soil), the peatmoss + foam growing medium increased the leaf pigment levels and the number of leaves and daughter corms, and it produced the highest number of daughter corms with diameters of ≥2 cm. Compared with plants in other media, saffron plants grown in loamy soil had higher catalase and peroxidase activities but lower polyphenol oxidase activity. Overall, saffron could be cultivated and produced in growing media with various pH values (4.00–9.25), although a mixture of peatmoss and foam was the optimal growing medium for potted saffron production. These findings are beneficial for selecting the optimal growing media/soil for saffron cultivation in farmlands.
Keywords	Crocus sativus ; Sphagnum ; catalase ; catechol oxidase ; corms ; foams ; growth performance ; leaves ; loam soils ; medicinal plants ; pH ; peroxidase ; saffron ; sandy soils ; silty soils ; stigma ; vegetative growth
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0314
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2813983-5
ISSN	2311-7524
ISSN	2311-7524
DOI	10.3390/horticulturae9030377
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A review on the secretory structures, bioactive compounds and biological activities of selected Combretum species

Bantho, Sahejna / Naidoo, Yougasphree / Dewir, Yaser Hassan / Singh, Moganavelli

South African Journal of Botany.

2023

Abstract: Species of Combretum are highly valued in Africa due to the plethora of traditional medicinal uses they may offer. Species such as Combretum molle, Combretum erythrophyllum, Combretum album, Combretum apiculatum, Combretum cafffrum and Combretum ... ...

Abstract	Species of Combretum are highly valued in Africa due to the plethora of traditional medicinal uses they may offer. Species such as Combretum molle, Combretum erythrophyllum, Combretum album, Combretum apiculatum, Combretum cafffrum and Combretum quadrangulare are commonly utilized and are known to contain medicinally important phytochemicals. Traditionally, they are used to treat bacterial infections, venereal diseases, abdominal pain, sores, infertility, and labour pains, while displaying, anti-viral, anti-parasitic, cytotoxic, and mutagenic activity. There have been numerous studies released on the presence, isolation and bioactivity of phytochemicals. However, the transformation of the isolate into a drug of pharmacological importance has yet to be appraised on a large scale. Therefore, further evaluation of this genus and particularly the transformation of the isolates needs to be explored. This review aimed to collate current and prudent information pertaining to the presence of secretory structures in relation to potential medicinal properties, ethnopharmacological applications and bioactive compounds present within selected Combretum species.
Keywords	Combretum ; Erythrophyllum ; cytotoxicity ; drugs ; labor ; mutagens ; pain ; phytochemicals ; traditional medicine ; Africa ; Medicinal plants ; Chemical composition
Language	English
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	2126918-X
ISSN	0254-6299
ISSN	0254-6299
DOI	10.1016/j.sajb.2023.04.038
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Phytocompounds and Regulation of Flavonoids in In Vitro-Grown Safflower Plant Tissue by Abiotic Elicitor CdCl

Ejaz, Bushra / Mujib, Abdul / Syeed, Rukaya / Mamgain, Jyoti / Malik, Moien Qadir / Birat, Kanchan / Dewir, Yaser Hassan / Magyar-Tábori, Katalin

Metabolites

2024 Volume 14, Issue 2

Abstract: In this study, a Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) investigation of embryogenic callus and somatic embryo regenerated shoots ... ...

Abstract	In this study, a Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) investigation of embryogenic callus and somatic embryo regenerated shoots of
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662251-8
ISSN	2218-1989
ISSN	2218-1989
DOI	10.3390/metabo14020127
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Histochemical Analysis and Ultrastructure of Trichomes and Laticifers of

Naidoo, Danesha / Naidoo, Yougasphree / Naidoo, Gonasageran / Kianersi, Farzad / Dewir, Yaser Hassan

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 4

Abstract: ... Croton ... ...

Abstract	Croton gratissimus
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants12040772
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Phytochemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of

Gangaram, Serisha / Naidoo, Yougasphree / Dewir, Yaser Hassan / Singh, Moganavelli / Lin, Johnson / Murthy, Hosakatte Niranjana

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 13

Abstract: ... Barleria ... ...

Abstract	Barleria albostellata
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants12132396
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Phytochemical Composition of

Parusnath, Myuri / Naidoo, Yougasphree / Singh, Moganavelli / Rihan, Hail / Dewir, Yaser Hassan

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 8

Abstract: The demand for medicinal plants is on a rise due to their affordability, accessibility and relatively non-toxic nature. ...

Abstract	The demand for medicinal plants is on a rise due to their affordability, accessibility and relatively non-toxic nature.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants12081702
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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