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  1. Article ; Online: Enolate addition to bicyclobutanes enables expedient access to 2-oxo-bicyclohexane scaffolds.

    Woelk, Kyla J / Dhake, Kushal / Schley, Nathan D / Leitch, David C

    Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

    2023  Volume 59, Issue 93, Page(s) 13847–13850

    Abstract: We report the synthesis of 2-oxo-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (2-oxo-BCHs) from bicyclobutanes (BCBs) and readily available enolate precursors. Glycine-derived enolates directly give protected 2-oxo-3-amino-BCH derivatives that can be further functionalized. ... ...

    Abstract We report the synthesis of 2-oxo-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (2-oxo-BCHs) from bicyclobutanes (BCBs) and readily available enolate precursors. Glycine-derived enolates directly give protected 2-oxo-3-amino-BCH derivatives that can be further functionalized. Arylacetate derivatives are also suitable enolate precursors, giving 2-oxo-3-aryl-BCH scaffolds from readily available starting materials.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1472881-3
    ISSN 1364-548X ; 1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
    ISSN (online) 1364-548X
    ISSN 1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
    DOI 10.1039/d3cc04234k
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Effect of Pretreatment and Temperature on Drying Characteristics and Quality of Green Banana Peel

    Dhake, Kushal / Jain, Sanjay Kumar / Jagtap, Sandeep / Pathare, Pankaj B.

    AgriEngineering. 2023 Nov. 03, v. 5, no. 4 p.2064-2078

    2023  

    Abstract: In banana cultivation, a considerable amount of the production is wasted every year because of various constraints present in the post-harvest management chain. Converting green banana pulp and peels into flour could help to reduce losses and enable the ... ...

    Abstract In banana cultivation, a considerable amount of the production is wasted every year because of various constraints present in the post-harvest management chain. Converting green banana pulp and peels into flour could help to reduce losses and enable the food sector to keep the product for an entire year or more. In order to use green banana fruit and peel flour in the food industry as a raw ingredient such as in bakery and confectionery items—namely biscuits, cookies, noodles, nutritious powder, etc.—it is essential to standardize the process for the production of the flour. As a result, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of pretreatment and temperature on the drying capabilities and quality of dried green banana peel. The green banana peel pieces were pretreated with 0.5 and 1.0% KMS (potassium metabisulfite), and untreated samples were taken as control, and dried at 40°, 50°, and 60 °C in a tray dryer. To reduce the initial moisture content of 90–91.58% (wb) to 6.25–9.73% (wb), a drying time of 510–360 min was required in all treatments. The moisture diffusivity (Dₑff) increased with temperature, i.e., Dₑff increased from 5.069–6.659 × 10⁻⁸, 6.013–7.653 × 10⁻⁸, and 4.969–6.510 × 10⁻⁸ m²/s for the control sample, 0.5% KMS, and 1.0% KMS, respectively. The Page model was determined to be the best suited for the drying data with the greatest R² and the least χ² and RSME values in comparison with the other two models. When 0.5% KMS-pretreated materials were dried at 60 °C, the water activity and drying time were minimal. Hue angle, chroma, and rehydration ratio were satisfactory and within the acceptable limits for 0.5% KMS-pretreated dried banana peel at 60 °C.
    Keywords banana peels ; bananas ; dried fruit ; flour ; food industry ; ingredients ; models ; moisture diffusivity ; postharvest technology ; potassium metabisulfite ; pulp ; rehydration ; sweets ; temperature ; water activity ; water content
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-1103
    Size p. 2064-2078.
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 2624-7402
    DOI 10.3390/agriengineering5040127
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Beyond Bioisosteres: Divergent Synthesis of Azabicyclohexanes and Cyclobutenyl Amines from Bicyclobutanes.

    Dhake, Kushal / Woelk, Kyla J / Becica, Joseph / Un, Andy / Jenny, Sarah E / Leitch, David C

    Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)

    2022  Volume 61, Issue 27, Page(s) e202204719

    Abstract: The development of two divergent and complementary Lewis acid catalyzed additions of bicyclobutanes to imines is described. Microscale high-throughput experimentation was integral to the discovery and optimization of both reactions. N-arylimines undergo ... ...

    Abstract The development of two divergent and complementary Lewis acid catalyzed additions of bicyclobutanes to imines is described. Microscale high-throughput experimentation was integral to the discovery and optimization of both reactions. N-arylimines undergo formal (3+2) cycloaddition with bicyclobutanes to yield azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes in a single step; in contrast, N-alkylimines undergo an addition/elimination sequence to generate cyclobutenyl methanamine products with high diastereoselectivity. These new products contain a variety of synthetic handles for further elaboration, including many functional groups relevant to pharmaceutical synthesis. The divergent reactivity observed is attributed to differences in basicity and nucleophilicity of the nitrogen atom in a common carbocation intermediate, leading to either nucleophilic attack (N-aryl) or E1 elimination (N-alkyl).
    MeSH term(s) Amines ; Butanes/chemistry ; Cycloaddition Reaction ; Imines ; Lewis Acids ; Molecular Structure
    Chemical Substances Amines ; Butanes ; Imines ; Lewis Acids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-03
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2011836-3
    ISSN 1521-3773 ; 1433-7851
    ISSN (online) 1521-3773
    ISSN 1433-7851
    DOI 10.1002/anie.202204719
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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