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  1. Article ; Online: V-I-B-G-Y-O-R of chemistry

    Kartik R. Patel / Dhrubo Jyoti Sen

    International Journal of Drug Development & Research, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp 87-

    A journey from micro to macro world

    2013  Volume 94

    Abstract: The word ‘colour’ originates from chemistry. The seven different colours V: Violet, I: Indigo, B: Blue, G: Green, Y: Yellow, O: Orange and R: Red unite to form a single colour which is totally white and fragmentation of this white colour through prism ... ...

    Abstract The word ‘colour’ originates from chemistry. The seven different colours V: Violet, I: Indigo, B: Blue, G: Green, Y: Yellow, O: Orange and R: Red unite to form a single colour which is totally white and fragmentation of this white colour through prism again gives the spectrum of seven colours having different wavelength ($) which is in visible range (400-750nm). The colourful chemistry plays a role within the visible range in small scale to large scale. There is not a single element in the world, which is free from chemistry. This is embedded throughout the world in high extent. Either it is biochemistry or photochemistry or physical chemistry or organic chemistry or bioorganic chemistry or inorganic chemistry or analytical chemistry or combinatorial chemistry or environmental chemistry or computational chemistry or supramolecular chemistry or nanochemistry, each and everything is related with chemical science. Even physics is also based on the properties of matter, which also plays the role of chemistry: light, magnetism, electricity all are enlightened with the electronic behavior of the elements of periodic table. Light is free energy of photons, which is the multiplication of h (h: Max Plank’s constant and : Wave number) this can do the phosphorescence and fluorescence. It can also do the photolysis as well as photosynthesis, the destructive as well as creative matters! Material chemistry is build up by the chemical bonding between the elements of the building block. This bonding could be broken by the chemical reaction to form some another compound by four parameters: reactants, reagents, +ve or _ve heat and time. This can be done in laboratory and in environment also. There are huge number of chemical compounds in the world which are used as fine chemicals, reagents, drugs, pharmaceuticals, biochemicals, dyes, petrochemicals, pesticides, explosives, household appliances, domestic purpose, metallurgy and so many things. This chemistry is used as in nano to micro scale and in macro to mega scale but the chemical entity for a specific unit is same and joined by catenation property in which only three major bonding are there: ionic, covalent and coordinate bonds. Biomolecules under this heading is a big chapter under the receptor chemistry, enzyme chemistry, peptide chemistry, hormone chemistry, carbohydrate chemistry, lipid chemistry, vitamins all are chemical entity have definite functional activity in the living beings. The macro unit of chemical substance is based on the micro unit and the infrastructure is build up by elements of periodic table for inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry. A creation of God is a mega unit of genome (macro unit of chromosome which is a micro unit of polypeptides) can enjoy the chemistry in life to a full extent and especially for human who can play with chemistry from micro level to macro level. So we cannot forget the existence of chemistry in our life because this is an endless journey with full of mystery as this is the history of chemistry.
    Keywords Colourful chemistry ; Visible range ; Physics ; Periodic table ; Material chemistry ; Micro- Macro-Mega ; Bonding ; Genome. ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Chauhan Publishers
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Aminobiphosphonates in Osteoporosis

    Nadim M. R. Chhipa / Dhrubo Jyoti Sen

    International Journal of Drug Development & Research, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp 120-

    A Review

    2013  Volume 132

    Abstract: Osteoporosis is a disease of great social impact, in recent years has assumed increasing importance, due to the progressive ageing of the population and the consequent increase of its complications, first of all femoral and vertebral fractures. Various ... ...

    Abstract Osteoporosis is a disease of great social impact, in recent years has assumed increasing importance, due to the progressive ageing of the population and the consequent increase of its complications, first of all femoral and vertebral fractures. Various treatment strategies has been employed to overcome, Aminobiphosphonate is one of them & they represents a major advance in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders and they are now amongst the most commonly used agents in clinical practice. Bisphosphonates are analogues of inorganic pyrophosphate and are inhibitors of bone resorption. Many derivatives have been developed for the treatment of enhanced bone resorption. In this review, we explore the potential applications of that concept by summarizing the bone diseases and candidate proteins that will benefit from the proposed bone delivery approach. A selective synopsis of BP synthesis is presented to highlight the synthesis of functional BPs suitable for covalent attachment to proteins.
    Keywords Aminobiphosphonate ; Osteoporosis ; Pyrophosphates ; Osteoclast ; Osteoblast. ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Chauhan Publishers
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Synthesis and Antibacterial activity of some 4,5-disubstituted-6-Methyl-1,2,3,4- Tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives

    Divyang H. Shah / Dhrubo Jyoti Sen

    International Journal of Drug Development & Research, Vol 4, Iss 2, Pp 330-

    2012  Volume 335

    Abstract: Eight new 4,5-disubstituted-6-methyl-1,2,3,4- tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives are synthesized by three steps. All synthesized compounds are confirmed by IR, Mass and H1NMR. Antibacterial activity is carried out by filter disc method. All test ... ...

    Abstract Eight new 4,5-disubstituted-6-methyl-1,2,3,4- tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives are synthesized by three steps. All synthesized compounds are confirmed by IR, Mass and H1NMR. Antibacterial activity is carried out by filter disc method. All test compounds are active against the gram negative E.coli and in higher concentration active against the gram positive S.aureus. Compounds 6b and 6e are more potent among synthesized series.
    Keywords Biginelli reaction ; Tetrahydropyrimidines ; Zone ofinhibition ; Gram +ve bacteria ; Gm –ve bacteria ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Chauhan Publishers
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP STUDIES OF SYNTHESIZED UREA DIAMIDES ON CNS DEPRESSION AND SLEEPING TIME POTENTIATION EFFECT

    Ravikumar V. Modi / Dhrubo Jyoti Sen

    International Journal of Drug Development & Research, Vol 2, Iss 3, Pp 512-

    2010  Volume 528

    Abstract: Two different series of urea diamides have been synthesised by keeping X=O/S to form urea/thiourea derivatives in 2 and 4 substitutions in the phenyl rings by carboxylic acid and carboxamide to form diamides for screening of CNS depression and sleeping ... ...

    Abstract Two different series of urea diamides have been synthesised by keeping X=O/S to form urea/thiourea derivatives in 2 and 4 substitutions in the phenyl rings by carboxylic acid and carboxamide to form diamides for screening of CNS depression and sleeping time synergistic activity on mice with reference standard drugs benzodiazepine and barbiturate. It has been found that all the test compounds have sleep inducing property due to the presence of open chain urea/thiourea linkage and the urea/thiourea diamide derivatives were found longer duration of sleep inducing property due to the presence of two amide linkages and out of which the thiourea derivative and thiourea diamide derivatives showed lesser duration than urea and urea diamide linkage. Sleeping time potentiation effect was studied for the test compounds by using pentobarbitone as barbiturates and diazepam as benzodiazepines on male albino mice. The 2-substituted derivatives were found less active than 4-substituted derivatives due to the steric hindrance and ortho effect. All the observations were noted for four groups of mice and the bioassay result was tabulated after statistical parameters for significance of pharmacological screening: Student’s-t-test and P-value. The CNS depression occurs due to the action on GABA receptor having free NH2 and COOH groups: H2N-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- COOH (ã-amino butyric acid). The synthesized compounds which have free ?C(O/S)-NH2 (urea/thiourea) groups and -COOH groups shows the CNS depression effect and the maximum activity has been shown by the compound-6 in which amido as well as urea linkages are in para position to each other which blocks the GABA receptor and results CNS depression. The same attachment shows lesser action in case of ortho substitution due to ortho effect and steric hindrance. All the test results were found significant to a high extent for the structure activity relationship studies of the synthesized molecules and the maximum activity has been shown by the COMPOUND-6 (4-Amido phenyl urea) having two amide groups.
    Keywords Synthesized urea diamindes ; CNS depression ; Sleeping time ; Potentiation effect ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Chauhan Publishers
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL N-SUBSTITUTED 2-(1H-BENZOTRIAZOL-1-YL) - ACETOHYDRAZIDE DERIVATIVES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

    Jimit S. Patel / Charoo S. Garg / Dhrubo Jyoti Sen

    International Journal of Drug Development & Research, Vol 4, Iss 2, Pp 322-

    2012  Volume 329

    Abstract: As a part of research project on the synthesis of number of substituted benzotriazole derivatives with electron donating as well as electron withdrawing groups was done and evaluated them for antibacterial and antifungal activity. First of all ... ...

    Abstract As a part of research project on the synthesis of number of substituted benzotriazole derivatives with electron donating as well as electron withdrawing groups was done and evaluated them for antibacterial and antifungal activity. First of all benzotriazole was prepared using o-phenylene diamine and sodium nitrite in acidic conditions. Now benzotriazole was reacted with ethyl chloroacetate to form benzotriazole ethyl acetate which was then reacted with hydrazine hydrate to produce benzotriazole acetohydrazide. Finally it was reacted with different sulfonyl chlorides and benzoyl chlorides to give various derivatives. The purity of all compounds have been checked by the TLC monitoring and the confirmation of the structure is checked by different spectral analysis like UV, IR, Mass and NMR and evaluated as antibacterial agent by using sulfacetamide as standard drug and for antifungal activity by using clotrimazole as standard drug.
    Keywords Benzotriazole derivatives ; Benzotriazole acetohydrazide ; sulfonation ; benzoylation ; antifungal activity ; antibacterial activity. ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Chauhan Publishers
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: GREENER REACTIONS UNDER SOLVENT FREE CONDITIONS

    Hiren M. Marvaniya / Kaumil N. Modi / Dhrubo Jyoti Sen

    International Journal of Drug Development & Research, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 42-

    2011  Volume 51

    Abstract: The toxicity and volatile nature of many organic solvents, particularly chlorinated hydrocarbons that are widely used in huge amounts for organic reactions have posed a serious threat to the environment. Thus, design of solventless catalytic reaction has ...

    Abstract The toxicity and volatile nature of many organic solvents, particularly chlorinated hydrocarbons that are widely used in huge amounts for organic reactions have posed a serious threat to the environment. Thus, design of solventless catalytic reaction has received tremendous attention in recent times in the area of green synthesis. A solvent-free or solid state reaction may be carried out using the reactants alone or incorporating them in clays, zeolites, silica, alumina or other matrices to achieve high degree of stereoselectivity in the products, to reduce byproducts, to maximize rate of reaction. We illustrate the environmentally benign approach to 1,2-Oxazine-2- oxides, Michael addition, Wohl–Ziegler reaction, Acylation, Heck reaction, Tishchenko reaction, Diels– Alder reaction, Reformatsky and Luche Reaction, Oxidative coupling Reaction, Synthesis of chalcones, Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones
    Keywords Solvent less reaction ; Greener reaction ; Michael addition ; Heck reaction ; Reformatsky reaction ; dihydropyrimidones ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Chauhan Publishers
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: CHEMISTRY OF BIOACTIVE TRICYCLIC FUSED HETEROCYCLIC RING HAVING ONE HETEROATOM

    Palak K. Parikh / Hiren M. Marvaniya / Dhrubo Jyoti Sen

    International Journal of Drug Development & Research, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 44-

    2011  Volume 50

    Abstract: Acridones are well known and important heterocyclic compounds with a tricyclic ring having nitrogen at 10th position and keto group at 9th position. Numerous acridone derivatives have been found to possess considerable biological activities, which ... ...

    Abstract Acridones are well known and important heterocyclic compounds with a tricyclic ring having nitrogen at 10th position and keto group at 9th position. Numerous acridone derivatives have been found to possess considerable biological activities, which stimulated the research activity in this field. They have several prominent effects, such as antimicrobial, antimalarial, antifungal, antileishmanial, antiviral and anticancer activities. The planar structure of these acridones facilitates to act on nucleotides by intercalating DNA and RNA strands, there by emerging as potent anticancer agents. The present review provides an insight view to acridone synthesis and its biological activities along with the compilation of recent patents on pyrazolines.
    Keywords Acridone ; Cytotoxic ; Antiviral ; Antimicribial and patent ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Chauhan Publishers
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: ALPHALISA BIOMARKER AS A TOOL OF DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT

    Kaumil N. Modi / Palak K. Parikh / Dhrubo Jyoti Sen

    International Journal of Drug Development & Research, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 64-

    2011  Volume 74

    Abstract: Biomarkers have been identified as “cellular, biochemical, or molecular alterations that are measurable in biological media such as human tissue, cells, or fluids.” Biomarkers like prognostic Biomarker, Diagnostic Biomarker, Mechanism of action Biomarker, ...

    Abstract Biomarkers have been identified as “cellular, biochemical, or molecular alterations that are measurable in biological media such as human tissue, cells, or fluids.” Biomarkers like prognostic Biomarker, Diagnostic Biomarker, Mechanism of action Biomarker, Surrogate Biomarker have important role in Drug Development. In preclinical stage discovery biomarker used which may not be the same Biomarker used after the drug is selected to enter clinical trials. In Alphalisa technology biomarker does not require wash steps and it has High-throughput screening.
    Keywords Biomarker ; Drug Discovery and Development ; New Molecular Entity ; Alphalisa Technology ; High Throughput Screening. ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Chauhan Publishers
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS POTENTIAL ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS

    Palak K. Parikh / Hiren M. Marvaniya / Dhrubo Jyoti Sen

    International Journal of Drug Development & Research, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 248-

    2011  Volume 255

    Abstract: 1,3,4 oxadiazole derivatives are the heterocyclic compounds with very important biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, analgesic, antimycobacterial, antidepressant and antiamoebic. 1, 3, 4 oxadiazole was ... ...

    Abstract 1,3,4 oxadiazole derivatives are the heterocyclic compounds with very important biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, analgesic, antimycobacterial, antidepressant and antiamoebic. 1, 3, 4 oxadiazole was synthesized by condensation reaction between 2- hydroxybenzohydrazine and carbon disulfide. This derivative on treatment with different aromatic halides produced the desired final products. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of synthesized compound was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC No. 1688, Gram negative: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922) by filter paper disc method. The in-vitro antifungal activity was tested against Candida albicans by filter paper disc method. All the compounds showed good activity against all cultures.
    Keywords Oxadiazole ; microorganisms ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Chauhan Publishers
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP STUDIES OF SUBSTITUTED MANNICH BASES OF 2-OXO-4, 6-DIPHENYL-2, 6- IHYDROPYRAZOLO [1,5-a] [1,3,5] TRIAZINE-7-CARBONYL RING SYSTEM WITH VARIABLE ELECTRONEGETIVE ATOMS (UREA/THIOUREA/GUANIDINE) FOR ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY

    Kaumil Navnitbhai Modi / Sanjay D. Panchal / Dhrubo Jyoti Sen

    International Journal of Drug Development & Research, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 336-

    2011  Volume 343

    Abstract: 2-oxo-4,6-diphenyl-2,6-dihydropyrazolo [1,5-a] [1,3,5] triazine-7- carbonyl ring system has been synthesised by the reaction between phenyl hydrazine and ethyl acetoacetate produced pyrazolone moiety which on benzoylation produced benzoyl derivative ... ...

    Abstract 2-oxo-4,6-diphenyl-2,6-dihydropyrazolo [1,5-a] [1,3,5] triazine-7- carbonyl ring system has been synthesised by the reaction between phenyl hydrazine and ethyl acetoacetate produced pyrazolone moiety which on benzoylation produced benzoyl derivative which on condensation with urea produced 7-methyl-4,6- diphenylpyrazolo-[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-2(6H)-one ring which on alkaline oxidation with KMnO4/KOH produced carboxylic moiety. Treatment with thionyl chloride of produced acid chloride derivative. This on condensation with Mannich base produced by benzaldehyde and p-chloro benzaldehyde with urea/thiourea/guanidine produced the desired moiety. The synthesised compounds were characterised by N% and spectral datas and antimicrobial and antifungal screening has been performed by zone of inhibition studies and MIC calculation with standard antibiotic/antifungal drug against (gram+ve) and (gram– ve) bacteria and fungal strains on agar media after 24 hours incubation at 37°C for antimicrobial activity and 24°C for antifungal activity. Gram positive: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Gram negative: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Fungal strain: Candida albicans ATCC 10231 It has been observed that the Compound-6c (X=NH) showed maximum antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Compound-6a (X=O) against Bacillus subtilis and Compound- 6e (X=S) against Staphylococcus aureus. Oxygen and Sulphur has two lone pairs whereas Nitrogen has one lone pair of electrons but the electronegativity of Oxygen (X=O; 3.5), electronegativity of Sulphur (X=S; 2.4) and electronegativity of Nitrogen (X=N+H; 3.1+2.2=5.3). MIC value of all the compounds have been found as 250Hg as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration by serial dilution method and MIC of Ampicillin is 25Hg and for Fluconazole is 5.5Hg.
    Keywords Pyrazolo-triazine ; Antibacterial ; Antifungal ; Benzoylation ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Chauhan Publishers
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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