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  1. Article: Novel atypical antipsychotic agents: rational design, an efficient palladium-catalyzed route, and pharmacological studies.

    Campiani, Giuseppe / Butini, Stefania / Fattorusso, Caterina / Trotta, Francesco / Gemma, Sandra / Catalanotti, Bruno / Nacci, Vito / Fiorini, Isabella / Cagnotto, Alfredo / Mereghetti, Ilario / Mennini, Tiziana / Minetti, Patrizia / Di Cesare, M Assunta / Stasi, M Antonietta / Di Serio, Stefano / Ghirardi, Orlando / Tinti, Ornella / Carminati, Paolo

    Journal of medicinal chemistry

    2005  Volume 48, Issue 6, Page(s) 1705–1708

    Abstract: Using rational drug design to develop atypical antipsychotic drug candidates, we generated novel and metabolically stable pyrrolobenzazepines with an optimized pK(i) 5-HT(2A)/D(2) ratio. 5a, obtained by a new palladium-catalyzed three-step synthesis, was ...

    Abstract Using rational drug design to develop atypical antipsychotic drug candidates, we generated novel and metabolically stable pyrrolobenzazepines with an optimized pK(i) 5-HT(2A)/D(2) ratio. 5a, obtained by a new palladium-catalyzed three-step synthesis, was selected for further pharmacological and biochemical investigations and showed atypical antipsychotic properties in vivo. 5a was active on conditioned avoidance response at 0.56 mg/kg, it had low cataleptic potential and proved to be better than ST1899, clozapine, and olanzapine, representing a new clinical candidate.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/chemical synthesis ; Antipsychotic Agents/chemistry ; Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology ; Avoidance Learning/drug effects ; Benzazepines/chemical synthesis ; Benzazepines/chemistry ; Benzazepines/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Catalepsy/chemically induced ; Catalysis ; Cell Line ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists ; Drug Design ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Palladium ; Pyrroles/chemical synthesis ; Pyrroles/chemistry ; Pyrroles/pharmacology ; Radioligand Assay ; Rats ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/chemistry ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/chemistry ; Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Chemical Substances Antipsychotic Agents ; Benzazepines ; Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists ; Pyrroles ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists ; Palladium (5TWQ1V240M)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-03-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 218133-2
    ISSN 1520-4804 ; 0022-2623
    ISSN (online) 1520-4804
    ISSN 0022-2623
    DOI 10.1021/jm049629t
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling, further structure-activity relationship studies, and identification of novel atypical antipsychotic agents.

    Campiani, Giuseppe / Butini, Stefania / Fattorusso, Caterina / Catalanotti, Bruno / Gemma, Sandra / Nacci, Vito / Morelli, Elena / Cagnotto, Alfredo / Mereghetti, Ilario / Mennini, Tiziana / Carli, Miriana / Minetti, Patrizia / Di Cesare, M Assunta / Mastroianni, Domenico / Scafetta, Nazzareno / Galletti, Bruno / Stasi, M Antonietta / Castorina, Massimo / Pacifici, Licia /
    Vertechy, Mario / Di Serio, Stefano / Ghirardi, Orlando / Tinti, Ornella / Carminati, Paolo

    Journal of medicinal chemistry

    2004  Volume 47, Issue 1, Page(s) 143–157

    Abstract: Recently we reported the pharmacological characterization of the 9,10-dihydropyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine derivative (S)-(+)-8 as a novel atypical antipsychotic agent. This compound had an optimum pK(i) 5-HT(2A)/D(2) ratio of 1.21 (pK(i) 5-HT(2A) = 8.83; ... ...

    Abstract Recently we reported the pharmacological characterization of the 9,10-dihydropyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine derivative (S)-(+)-8 as a novel atypical antipsychotic agent. This compound had an optimum pK(i) 5-HT(2A)/D(2) ratio of 1.21 (pK(i) 5-HT(2A) = 8.83; pK(i) D(2) = 7.79). The lower D(2) receptor affinity of (S)-(+)-8 compared to its enantiomer was explained by the difficulty in reaching the conformation required to optimally fulfill the D(2) pharmacophore. With the aim of finding novel atypical antipsychotics we further investigated the core structure of (S)-(+)-8, synthesizing analogues with specific substituents; the structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was also expanded with the design and synthesis of other analogues characterized by a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine skeleton, substituted on the benzo-fused ring or on the pyrrole system. On the 9,10-dihydro analogues the substituents introduced on the pyrrole ring were detrimental to affinity for dopamine and for 5-HT(2A) receptors, but the introduction of a double bond at C-9/10 on the structure of (S)-(+)-8 led to a potent D(2)/5-HT(2A) receptor ligand with a typical binding profile (9f, pK(i) 5-HT(2A)/D(2) ratio of 1.01, log Y = 8.43). Then, to reduce D(2) receptor affinity and restore atypicality on unsaturated analogues, we exploited the effect of specific substitutions on the tricyclic system of 9f. Through a molecular modeling approach we generated a novel series of potential atypical antipsychotic agents, with optimized 5HT(2A)/D(2) receptor affinity ratios and that were easier to synthesize and purify than the reference compound (S)-(+)-8. A number of SAR trends were identified, and among the analogues synthesized and tested in binding assays, 9d and 9m were identified as the most interesting, giving atypical log Y scores respectively 4.98 and 3.18 (pK(i) 5-HT(2A)/D(2) ratios of 1.20 and 1.30, respectively). They had a multireceptor affinity profile and could be promising atypical agents. Compound 9d, whose synthesis is easier and whose binding profile is atypical (log Y score similar to that of olanzapine, 3.89), was selected for further biological investigation. Pharmacological and biochemical studies confirmed an atypical antipsychotic profile in vivo. The compound was active on conditioned avoidance response at 1.1 mg/kg, a dose 100-times lower than that required to cause catalepsy (ED(50) >90 mg/kg), it induced a negligible increase of prolactin serum levels after single and multiple doses, and antagonized the cognitive impairment induced by phencyclidine. In conclusion, the pharmacological profile of 9d proved better than clozapine and olanzapine, making this compound a potential clinical candidate.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/chemical synthesis ; Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology ; Avoidance Learning/drug effects ; Benzothiepins/chemical synthesis ; Benzothiepins/chemistry ; Benzothiepins/pharmacology ; Catalepsy/chemically induced ; Cognition Disorders/chemically induced ; Cognition Disorders/drug therapy ; Dopamine Antagonists/chemical synthesis ; Dopamine Antagonists/chemistry ; Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/drug effects ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/physiology ; Prolactin/secretion ; Pyrroles/chemical synthesis ; Pyrroles/chemistry ; Pyrroles/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D3 ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2/metabolism ; Serotonin Antagonists/chemical synthesis ; Serotonin Antagonists/chemistry ; Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thiazepines/chemical synthesis ; Thiazepines/chemistry ; Thiazepines/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances 9-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrrolo(2,1-b)benzothiazepine ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Benzothiepins ; DRD3 protein, human ; Dopamine Antagonists ; Drd3 protein, mouse ; Drd3 protein, rat ; Pyrroles ; Receptors, Dopamine D1 ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Receptors, Dopamine D3 ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2 ; Serotonin Antagonists ; Thiazepines ; Prolactin (9002-62-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-01-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 218133-2
    ISSN 1520-4804 ; 0022-2623
    ISSN (online) 1520-4804
    ISSN 0022-2623
    DOI 10.1021/jm0309811
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies.

    Campiani, Giuseppe / Butini, Stefania / Gemma, Sandra / Nacci, Vito / Fattorusso, Caterina / Catalanotti, Bruno / Giorgi, Gianluca / Cagnotto, Alfredo / Goegan, Mara / Mennini, Tiziana / Minetti, Patrizia / Di Cesare, M Assunta / Mastroianni, Domenico / Scafetta, Nazzareno / Galletti, Bruno / Stasi, M Antonietta / Castorina, Massimo / Pacifici, Licia / Ghirardi, Orlando /
    Tinti, Ornella / Carminati, Paolo

    Journal of medicinal chemistry

    2002  Volume 45, Issue 2, Page(s) 344–359

    Abstract: The prototypical dopamine and serotonin antagonist (+/-)-7-chloro-9-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-9,10-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine (5) was resolved into its R and S enantiomers via crystallization of the diastereomeric tartaric acid salts. ... ...

    Abstract The prototypical dopamine and serotonin antagonist (+/-)-7-chloro-9-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-9,10-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine (5) was resolved into its R and S enantiomers via crystallization of the diastereomeric tartaric acid salts. Binding studies confirmed that the (R)-(-)-enantiomer is a more potent D(2) receptor antagonist than the (S)-(+)-enantiomer, with almost identical affinity at the 5-HT(2) receptor ((S)-(+)-5, log Y = 4.7; (R)-(-)-5, log Y = 7.4). These data demonstrated a significant stereoselective interaction of 5 at D(2) receptors. Furthermore, enantiomer (S)-(+)-5 (ST1460) was tested on a panel of receptors; this compound showed an intriguing binding profile characterized by high affinity for H(1) and the alpha(1) receptor, a moderate affinity for alpha(2) and D(3) receptors, and low affinity for muscarinic receptors. Pharmacological and biochemical investigation confirmed an atypical pharmacological profile for (S)-(+)-5. This atypical antipsychotic lead has low propensity to induce catalepsy in rat. It has minimal effect on serum prolactin levels, and it has been selected for further pharmacological studies. (S)-(+)-5 increases the extracellular levels of dopamine in the rat striatum after subcutaneous administration. By use of 5 as the lead compound, a novel series of potential atypical antipsychotics has been developed, some of them being characterized by a stereoselective interaction at D(2) receptors. A number of structure-activity relationships trends have been identified, and a possible explanation is advanced in order to account for the observed stereoselectivity of the enantiomer of (+/-)-5 for D(2) receptors. The molecular structure determination of the enantiomers of 5 by X-ray diffraction and molecular modeling is reported.
    MeSH term(s) 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/metabolism ; Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/chemical synthesis ; Antipsychotic Agents/chemistry ; Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Catalepsy/chemically induced ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dopamine Antagonists/chemical synthesis ; Dopamine Antagonists/chemistry ; Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology ; Homovanillic Acid/metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Microdialysis ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Prolactin/blood ; Pyrroles/chemical synthesis ; Pyrroles/chemistry ; Pyrroles/pharmacology ; Radioligand Assay ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism ; Stereoisomerism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thiazepines/chemical synthesis ; Thiazepines/chemistry ; Thiazepines/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances 7-chloro-9-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-9,10-dihydropyrrolo(2,1-b)(1,3)benzothiazepine ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Dopamine Antagonists ; Pyrroles ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Thiazepines ; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid (102-32-9) ; Prolactin (9002-62-4) ; Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X) ; Homovanillic Acid (X77S6GMS36)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-01-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 218133-2
    ISSN 1520-4804 ; 0022-2623
    ISSN (online) 1520-4804
    ISSN 0022-2623
    DOI 10.1021/jm010982y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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