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Article ; Online: The impact of combined contraceptive vaginal ring on vaginal environment: an observational, longitudinal study.

Murina, Filippo / Graziottin, Alessandra / Di Francesco, Stefania / Recalcati, Dario

The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception

2023 Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 234–237

Abstract: Purpose: To assess the relationship between combined contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR) and vaginal microbiome using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.: Materials and methods: We enrolled 20 women for 8 weeks in an open-label study using CVR (NuvaRing: ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To assess the relationship between combined contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR) and vaginal microbiome using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Materials and methods: We enrolled 20 women for 8 weeks in an open-label study using CVR (NuvaRing Results: Bacterial distribution richness and equity did not significantly change after 2 months, and the dominant bacterial strain was Conclusions: Our results suggest that CVR does not adversely affect the composition and structure of the vaginal microbiome. However, special care should be taken in patients with a history of vestibulodynia and/or recurrent vulvovaginal infections.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Longitudinal Studies ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Vulvodynia ; Vagina/microbiology ; Contraceptive Devices, Female ; Contraceptive Agents, Female
Chemical Substances	RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Contraceptive Agents, Female
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1397560-2
ISSN	1473-0782 ; 1362-5187
ISSN (online)	1473-0782
ISSN	1362-5187
DOI	10.1080/13625187.2023.2228440
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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of Two Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Protocols in Women with Provoked Vestibulodynia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Murina, Filippo / Recalcati, Dario / Di Francesco, Stefania / Cetin, Irene

Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 11, Issue 3

Abstract: Background: Vestibulodynia (VBD) is the most common form of vulvodynia. Because VBD is a pain disorder, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) can be used as treatment. This study aims to evaluate the effects of two-parameter combinations ( ... ...

Abstract	Background: Vestibulodynia (VBD) is the most common form of vulvodynia. Because VBD is a pain disorder, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) can be used as treatment. This study aims to evaluate the effects of two-parameter combinations (frequency and pulse duration) of TENS in reducing pain intensity and dyspareunia in VBD. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted to study the effect of two different electrical stimulation treatment regimens on women with VBD receiving domiciliary TENS. Outcomes were the mean change from baseline at 60 and 120 days of burning/pain and dyspareunia (VAS), Vulvar Pain Functional Questionnaire (V-Q), Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI) and vaginal electromyography measurements. Results: A total of 78 subjects, 39 in each group, completed the trial. Patients in Groups 1 and 2 received a mean of 46.9 and 48.4 TENS sessions. By day 120, there was a 38.2% reduction in the burning/pain and a 52.1% reduction in the dyspareunia VAS scores in Group 1, as compared to 21.3% ( Conclusions: Our findings showed the potential of TENS in the treatment of VBD.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Dyspareunia/therapy ; Pain ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation ; Vulvar Vestibulitis ; Vulvodynia/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2754473-4
ISSN	2076-3271 ; 2076-3271
ISSN (online)	2076-3271
ISSN	2076-3271
DOI	10.3390/medsci11030048
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Article ; Online: Vulvar vestibular effects of ospemifene: a pilot study.

Murina, Filippo / Di Francesco, Stefania / Oneda, Silvia

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology

2018 Volume 34, Issue 7, Page(s) 631–635

Abstract: The study aimed to assess the effects of ospemifene on vulvar vestibule in postmenopausal women with vulvar pain and dyspareunia. Fifty-five postmenopausal women used oral ospemifene 60 mg/d for 60 d. Symptoms of dryness, burning, and dyspareunia were ... ...

Abstract	The study aimed to assess the effects of ospemifene on vulvar vestibule in postmenopausal women with vulvar pain and dyspareunia. Fifty-five postmenopausal women used oral ospemifene 60 mg/d for 60 d. Symptoms of dryness, burning, and dyspareunia were evaluated on a 10 cm visual analog scale. Visual examination of the vulvar vestibule was also conducted. Patients also underwent current perception threshold (CPT) testing obtained from the vulvar vestibule. Fifty-five patients (94.6%) completed the treatment. Hot flashes were the most frequent adverse effects, but this led to a discontinuation of therapy in three patients (5.4%). After therapy, there was a statistically significant decrease from the baseline in the mean scores for dryness, burning, and dyspareunia and reduction of vestibular trophic score (baseline value of 11.2-4.2 after the therapy, p ≤ 002) and cotton swab test scores (2.81 compared with 1.25, p = .001). There was a difference in CPT values for all nerve fibers and more consistent for C fibers (-38% of sensitivity). These results confirm the efficacy of ospemifene on postmenopausal vestibular symptoms and signs; moreover, the drug was effective in normalizing vestibular innervation sensitivity.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Buccal ; Dyspareunia/complications ; Dyspareunia/drug therapy ; Dyspareunia/epidemiology ; Dyspareunia/physiopathology ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Hot Flashes/chemically induced ; Hot Flashes/epidemiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pain Measurement/methods ; Pain Perception/drug effects ; Pilot Projects ; Postmenopause/drug effects ; Postmenopause/physiology ; Syndrome ; Tamoxifen/administration & dosage ; Tamoxifen/adverse effects ; Tamoxifen/analogs & derivatives ; Vulva/drug effects ; Vulva/physiopathology ; Vulvar Vestibulitis/complications ; Vulvar Vestibulitis/drug therapy ; Vulvar Vestibulitis/epidemiology ; Vulvar Vestibulitis/physiopathology ; Vulvodynia/complications ; Vulvodynia/drug therapy ; Vulvodynia/epidemiology ; Vulvodynia/physiopathology
Chemical Substances	Tamoxifen (094ZI81Y45) ; Ospemifene (B0P231ILBK)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639237-4
ISSN	1473-0766 ; 0951-3590
ISSN (online)	1473-0766
ISSN	0951-3590
DOI	10.1080/09513590.2018.1427717
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Article: Thymol, eugenol and lactobacilli in a medical device for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Murina, Filippo / Vicariotto, Franco / Di Francesco, Stefania

The new microbiologica

2018 Volume 41, Issue 3, Page(s) 220–224

Abstract: The aim of this non-interventional, observational, multicentre, open-label study was to assess the effectiveness of a vaginal gel containing extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Eugenia caryophyllus in conjunction with two specific lactobacilli strains ( ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this non-interventional, observational, multicentre, open-label study was to assess the effectiveness of a vaginal gel containing extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Eugenia caryophyllus in conjunction with two specific lactobacilli strains (Lactobacillus fermentum LF10 and Lactobacillus plantarum LP02) specifically formulated in slow-release vaginal capsules, in treating bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) or recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis disease (RVVC) [Estromineral Probiogel (EPB) in Italy, or Saugella Probiogel; Meda Pharma - Mylan Group]. There was a statistically significant improvement in pruritus, burning, vulvovaginal oedema and erythema, dyspareunia and vaginal secretions in all diagnostic groups. At the end of the study, the microbiological evaluation was normal in 80.0% of cases with BV, 62.5% of cases with VVC and 100.0% with RVVC. The clinical data allow EPB to be recommended in the acute treatment of VVC and BV, suggesting that EPB is a useful maintenance treatment if there are recurrent episodes. Controlled studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of EPB in the treatment of recurrences and to identify the most appropriate dosage regimen.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Intravaginal ; Adult ; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/drug therapy ; Drug Combinations ; Eugenol/administration & dosage ; Eugenol/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Lactobacillus fermentum ; Lactobacillus plantarum ; Middle Aged ; Thymol/administration & dosage ; Thymol/therapeutic use ; Vagina/microbiology ; Vaginosis, Bacterial/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Drug Combinations ; Thymol (3J50XA376E) ; Eugenol (3T8H1794QW)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-06
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	756168-4
ISSN	1121-7138 ; 0391-5352
ISSN	1121-7138 ; 0391-5352
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Article ; Online: Features of the Vaginal and Vestibular Microbioma in Patients With Vestibulodynia: A Case-Control Study.

Murina, Filippo / Caimi, Camilla / Di Pierro, Francesco / Di Francesco, Stefania / Cetin, Irene

Journal of lower genital tract disease

2020 Volume 24, Issue 3, Page(s) 290–294

Abstract: Objective: Our objective was to determine the role of vaginal and/or vestibular microbiota disturbance as an associated factor of symptom characteristic of provoked vestibulodynia (PVD).: Study design: In an observational case-control study, the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Our objective was to determine the role of vaginal and/or vestibular microbiota disturbance as an associated factor of symptom characteristic of provoked vestibulodynia (PVD). Study design: In an observational case-control study, the bacterial microbiomes in the vagina and vestibule from 20 women with PVD and 18 healthy controls were compared using a 16S rRNA gene-based molecular analysis. Clinical data were recorded through a 0- to 10-point visual analog scale related to dyspareunia and vulvovaginal pain/burning. Results: Comparative assessment of the bacterial taxa (cutoff ≥15%) revealed 105 genera in the vaginal samples of PVD patients and 113 genera in the vestibular samples. Similarly, 120 genera were detected in the vaginal samples and 151 in the vestibular samples of the control group. Bacterial complexity was higher in the vestibular samples than in vaginal samples in both groups, without statistically significant differences. The following 3 dominant taxonomic units were found: Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, and Atopobium in PVD patients and Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, and Bifidobacterium in the control group. Lactobacillus gasseri was dominant only in women with PVD, showing a significant correlation with burning/pain intensity and dyspareunia severity (0.255 and 0.357, respectively, p < .001). Conclusions: Our data suggest that bacterial communities in vaginal discharge are an important contributor to the vestibular microbiota. Lactobacillus gasseri may be an element of vulnerability toward the development of vaginal dysbiosis. We can postulate its association as a potential etiologic organism in some individuals, either by itself or in some combination with other trigger factors.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vagina/microbiology ; Vaginosis, Bacterial/microbiology ; Vulva/microbiology ; Vulvar Vestibulitis/microbiology ; Vulvodynia/microbiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	2041332-4
ISSN	1526-0976 ; 1089-2591
ISSN (online)	1526-0976
ISSN	1089-2591
DOI	10.1097/LGT.0000000000000523
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Article ; Online: Characterization of female intimate hygiene practices and vulvar health: A randomized double-blind controlled trial.

Murina, Filippo / Caimi, Camilla / Felice, Raffaele / Di Francesco, Stefania / Cetin, Irene

Journal of cosmetic dermatology

2020 Volume 19, Issue 10, Page(s) 2721–2726

Abstract: Background: Inappropriate feminine hygiene practices are related to vulvar unpleasant symptoms (such as skin changes, lesions, burning, pruritus, fissures, and dyspareunia).: Aims: We assessed the daily use effects of intimate cleansers on vulvar ... ...

Abstract	Background: Inappropriate feminine hygiene practices are related to vulvar unpleasant symptoms (such as skin changes, lesions, burning, pruritus, fissures, and dyspareunia). Aims: We assessed the daily use effects of intimate cleansers on vulvar skin by comparing two specific products for intimate care: Saugella Hydraserum (SIS), based on natural extracts, and a standard product based on lactic acid, such as Lactacyd Feminine Hygiene (LTC). Forty healthy women were enrolled in this double-blind controlled study. Methods: After randomization, the cleansers were used twice daily for 30 days. The hydration level was determined using the Corneometer Results: Both cleansers showed a reduction in the hydration level, but this was much less evident in the SIS group (-6.3% SIS vs -23,7% LTC). The pH values of the SIS group were lower than those of the LTC group, especially on the labia minora (5.27 ± 0.08 and 5.6 ± 0.1, respectively, P = .025). The sebum increased in both groups, but in the LTC group, it was higher on the labia majora (+96.2% vs +46.8%, respectively, P = .003), while on the labia minora, it was higher in the SIS group (+24.7% vs +17.1%, respectively P = NS). Conclusions: Both cleansers tested showed high performance for safety and tolerability on vulvar skin, but SIS showed better efficacy than LTC on some parameters.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Sebum ; Skin ; Vulva ; Cosmetics/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Cosmetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2280551-5
ISSN	1473-2165 ; 1473-2130
ISSN (online)	1473-2165
ISSN	1473-2130
DOI	10.1111/jocd.13402
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Article ; Online: Vaginal diazepam plus transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to treat vestibulodynia: A randomized controlled trial.

Murina, Filippo / Felice, Raffaele / Di Francesco, Stefania / Oneda, Silvia

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology

2018 Volume 228, Page(s) 148–153

Abstract: Objective: To assess the effectiveness of vaginal diazepam in addition to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the treatment of vestibulodynia (VBD).: Study design: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ...

Abstract	Objective: To assess the effectiveness of vaginal diazepam in addition to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the treatment of vestibulodynia (VBD). Study design: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-two patients with VBD were randomized, 21 underwent diazepam and TENS (diazepam group) and 21 received placebo and TENS (placebo group). Vulvar pain was assessed on a on a 10-cm visual analogue scale (VAS) and dyspareunia according to the Marinoff dyspareunia scale. Vaginal surface electromyography (EMG) and vestibular current perception threshold (CPT) testing were performed at baseline and 60 days after treatment. The primary endpoints included the change in pain and dyspareunia from baseline to 60 days of pain and dyspareunia. The secondary endpoints was the variation in objectivity of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function and vestibular nerve fiber current perception threshold (CPT). Results: The VAS scores for pain from basal values of 7.5 and 7.2 for the diazepam and placebo, respectively, showed significant (p 0.01) decreases from 4.7 to 4.3, but this difference was not statistically significant. The Marinoff dyspareunia scores in the diazepam group showed a significant difference (p 0.05) from values measured in the placebo group. The ability to relax the PFM after contraction (difference between maximal contraction and rest tone) was significantly greater for the diazepam group versus the placebo group (3.8 μv and 2.4 μv, respectively, p 0.01). The CPT values for all of the nerve fibers increased after the treatment, but this increase was significant in the diazepam group only for the values at a 5-Hz stimulation (C fibers) with a change of 47.8% vs 26.9% (p < 0.05). Only two patients reported a mild drowsiness in the diazepam group. Conclusions: The present study provided indications that vaginal diazepam plus TENS is useful to improve pain and PFM instability in women with VBD.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Intravaginal ; Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diazepam/administration & dosage ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Muscle Relaxants, Central/administration & dosage ; Pregnancy ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation ; Vulvodynia/therapy ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Muscle Relaxants, Central ; Diazepam (Q3JTX2Q7TU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-27
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	190605-7
ISSN	1872-7654 ; 0301-2115 ; 0028-2243
ISSN (online)	1872-7654
ISSN	0301-2115 ; 0028-2243
DOI	10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.06.026
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Article: Multiple Micronutrients and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Study

Massari, Maddalena / Novielli, Chiara / Mandò, Chiara / Di Francesco, Stefania / Della Porta, Matteo / Cazzola, Roberta / Panteghini, Mauro / Savasi, Valeria / Maggini, Silvia / Schaefer, Ella / Cetin, Irene

Nutrients. 2020 Aug. 13, v. 12, no. 8

2020

Abstract: Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy needs to meet increased nutritional demands to maintain metabolism and to support fetal development. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for fetal neuro-/visual development and in immunomodulation, ... ...

Abstract	Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy needs to meet increased nutritional demands to maintain metabolism and to support fetal development. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for fetal neuro-/visual development and in immunomodulation, accumulating rapidly within the developing brain and central nervous system. Levels available to the fetus are governed by the maternal diet. In this multicenter, parallel, randomized controlled trial, we evaluated once-daily supplementation with multiple micronutrients and DHA (i.e., multiple micronutrient supplementation, MMS) on maternal biomarkers and infant anthropometric parameters during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy compared with no supplementation. Primary efficacy endpoint: change in maternal red blood cell (RBC) DHA (wt% total fatty acids) during the study. Secondary variables: other biomarkers of fatty acid and oxidative status, vitamin D, and infant anthropometric parameters at delivery. Supplementation significantly increased RBC DHA levels, the omega-3 index, and vitamin D levels. Subscapular skinfold thickness was significantly greater with MMS in infants. Safety outcomes were comparable between groups. This first randomized controlled trial of supplementation with multiple micronutrients and DHA in pregnant women indicated that MMS significantly improved maternal DHA and vitamin D status in an industrialized setting—an important finding considering the essential roles of DHA and vitamin D.
Keywords	biomarkers ; brain ; docosahexaenoic acid ; erythrocytes ; fetal development ; fetus ; food intake ; immunomodulation ; industrialization ; maternal nutrition ; metabolism ; pregnancy ; randomized clinical trials ; skinfold thickness ; vitamin D
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0813
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu12082432
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Coital pain in the elderly: could a low dose estriol gel thrill the vulvar vestibule?

Murina, Filippo / Graziottin, Alessandra / Felice, Raffaele / Di Francesco, Stefania

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology

2016 Volume 207, Page(s) 121–124

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of 0.005% estriol gel to the vulvar vestibule in the management of postmenopausal dyspareunia.: Study design: Postmenopausal women with dyspareunia were enrolled in ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of 0.005% estriol gel to the vulvar vestibule in the management of postmenopausal dyspareunia. Study design: Postmenopausal women with dyspareunia were enrolled in this study. Patients were instructed to use a fingertip to apply 0.25g of vaginal gel containing 25μg of estriol to the vulvar vestibule daily for three weeks and then twice weekly for up to 12 weeks. Results: Assessment of symptoms (dyspareunia and cotton swab test) and signs of vestibular atrophy were performed, and changes between baseline and weeks 3 and 12 were assessed. Adverse events were recorded. A total of 63 women were included. Of the 63, 59 (93.6%) completed the 12-week treatment period, and four dropped out for vestibular burning. Dyspareunia improved or was cured (score ≤1) by week 12 in 81.4% of patients. The patients also showed a statistically significant reduction in vestibular atrophy and cotton swab test at the end of treatment. Conclusions: Application of 0.005% estriol gel to the vulvar vestibule is effective in correcting menopausal coital pain. This suggests that reduction in sensory vestibular innervation sensitivity is likely to play a pivotal role in the relief of dyspareunia. One limitation of this study is the limited follow-up, but the therapy may be continued for as long as the patients are distressed by their symptoms without estrogen intervention.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aging ; Atrophy ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Dyspareunia/etiology ; Dyspareunia/prevention & control ; Estriol/administration & dosage ; Estriol/adverse effects ; Estriol/therapeutic use ; Estrogens/administration & dosage ; Estrogens/adverse effects ; Estrogens/therapeutic use ; Female ; Gels ; Humans ; Italy ; Middle Aged ; Pain/chemically induced ; Pain Measurement ; Patient Dropouts ; Postmenopause ; Severity of Illness Index ; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies/administration & dosage ; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies/adverse effects ; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies/therapeutic use ; Vulva ; Vulvar Vestibulitis/drug therapy ; Vulvar Vestibulitis/immunology ; Vulvar Vestibulitis/pathology ; Vulvar Vestibulitis/physiopathology ; Vulvodynia/etiology ; Vulvodynia/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Estrogens ; Gels ; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies ; Estriol (FB33469R8E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	190605-7
ISSN	1872-7654 ; 0301-2115 ; 0028-2243
ISSN (online)	1872-7654
ISSN	0301-2115 ; 0028-2243
DOI	10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.10.016
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Article ; Online: Multiple Micronutrients and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Nutrients

2020 Volume 12, Issue 8

Abstract	Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy needs to meet increased nutritional demands to maintain metabolism and to support fetal development. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for fetal neuro-/visual development and in immunomodulation, accumulating rapidly within the developing brain and central nervous system. Levels available to the fetus are governed by the maternal diet. In this multicenter, parallel, randomized controlled trial, we evaluated once-daily supplementation with multiple micronutrients and DHA (i.e., multiple micronutrient supplementation, MMS) on maternal biomarkers and infant anthropometric parameters during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy compared with no supplementation. Primary efficacy endpoint: change in maternal red blood cell (RBC) DHA (
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Biomarkers/blood ; Dietary Supplements ; Docosahexaenoic Acids/administration & dosage ; Female ; Fetal Blood/metabolism ; Fetal Development/drug effects ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Micronutrients/administration & dosage ; Nutritional Status ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimesters/blood ; Prenatal Care/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitamin D/blood ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Micronutrients ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Docosahexaenoic Acids (25167-62-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu12082432
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