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  1. Article ; Online: Element-specific behaviour and sediment properties modulate transfer and bioaccumulation of trace elements in a highly-contaminated area (Augusta Bay, Central Mediterranean Sea).

    Signa, Geraldina / Mazzola, Antonio / Di Leonardo, Rossella / Vizzini, Salvatrice

    Chemosphere

    2017  Volume 187, Page(s) 230–239

    Abstract: High sediment contamination in the coastal area of Priolo Bay, adjacent to the highly-polluted Augusta Harbour, poses serious risks for the benthic communities inhabiting the area. Nevertheless, the transfer of trace elements and consequent ... ...

    Abstract High sediment contamination in the coastal area of Priolo Bay, adjacent to the highly-polluted Augusta Harbour, poses serious risks for the benthic communities inhabiting the area. Nevertheless, the transfer of trace elements and consequent bioaccumulation in the biota is an overlooked issue. This study aimed to assess the transfer and bioaccumulation patterns of As, Cd, Ni and Hg to the dominant macroalgae and benthic invertebrates of Priolo Bay. Results revealed different patterns among trace elements (TEs), not driven by sediment contamination but rather by element-specific behaviour coupled with sediment physicochemical properties. Specifically, As accumulated in macroalgae but not in invertebrates, indicating bioavailability of dissolved As only, and a lack of effective trophic transfer. Ni was confined to surface sediment and transfer to biota was not highlighted. Cd and Hg showed the highest concentrations in invertebrates and bioaccumulated especially in filter feeders and carnivores, revealing the importance of suspended particulate and diet as transfer pathways. Total organic carbon (TOC), fine-grained sediments and redox potential were the most important sediment features in shaping the sediment contamination spatial patterns as well as those of TE transfer and bioaccumulation. In particular, As and Cd transfer to macroalgae, and especially Hg bioaccumulation in benthic invertebrates was controlled by sediment properties, resulting in limited transfer and accumulation in the most contaminated stations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120089-6
    ISSN 1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    ISSN (online) 1879-1298
    ISSN 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.099
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  2. Article: Trace element storage capacity of sediments in dead Posidonia oceanica mat from a chronically contaminated marine ecosystem

    Di Leonardo, Rossella / Andrew B. Cundy / Antonio Mazzola / Cecilia Doriana Tramati / Salvatrice Vizzini

    Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 2017 Jan., v. 36, no. 1

    2017  

    Abstract: Posidonia oceanica mat is considered a long‐term bioindicator of contamination. Storage and sequestration of trace elements and organic carbon (Cₒᵣg) were assessed in dead P. oceanica mat and bare sediments from a highly polluted coastal marine ... ...

    Abstract Posidonia oceanica mat is considered a long‐term bioindicator of contamination. Storage and sequestration of trace elements and organic carbon (Cₒᵣg) were assessed in dead P. oceanica mat and bare sediments from a highly polluted coastal marine area (Augusta Bay, central Mediterranean). Sediment elemental composition and sources of organic matter have been altered since the 1950s. Dead P. oceanica mat displayed a greater ability to bury and store trace elements and Cₒᵣg than nearby bare sediments, acting as a long‐term contaminant sink over the past 120 yr. Trace elements, probably associated with the mineral fraction, were stabilized and trapped despite die‐off of the overlying P. oceanica meadow. Mat deposits registered historic contamination phases well, confirming their role as natural archives for recording trace element trends in marine coastal environments. This sediment typology is enriched with seagrass‐derived refractory organic matter, which acts mainly as a diluent of trace elements. Bare sediments showed evidence of inwash of contaminated sediments via reworking; more rapid and irregular sediment accumulation; and, because of the high proportions of labile organic matter, a greater capacity to store trace elements. Through different processes, both sediment typologies represent a repository for chemicals and may pose a risk to the marine ecosystem as a secondary source of contaminants in the case of sediment dredging or erosion. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:49–58. © 2016 SETAC
    Keywords carbon ; die-off ; elemental composition ; marine ecosystems ; meadows ; organic matter ; Posidonia oceanica ; risk ; sediment contamination ; sediments ; trace elements
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-01
    Size p. 49-58.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 46234-2
    ISSN 1552-8618 ; 0730-7268
    ISSN (online) 1552-8618
    ISSN 0730-7268
    DOI 10.1002/etc.3539
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  3. Article ; Online: Trace element storage capacity of sediments in dead Posidonia oceanica mat from a chronically contaminated marine ecosystem.

    Di Leonardo, Rossella / Mazzola, Antonio / Cundy, Andrew B / Tramati, Cecilia Doriana / Vizzini, Salvatrice

    Environmental toxicology and chemistry

    2017  Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 49–58

    Abstract: Posidonia oceanica mat is considered a long-term bioindicator of contamination. Storage and sequestration of trace elements and organic carbon ( ... ...

    Abstract Posidonia oceanica mat is considered a long-term bioindicator of contamination. Storage and sequestration of trace elements and organic carbon (C
    MeSH term(s) Alismatales/chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Mediterranean Sea ; Sicily ; Trace Elements/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
    Chemical Substances Trace Elements ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 46234-2
    ISSN 1552-8618 ; 0730-7268
    ISSN (online) 1552-8618
    ISSN 0730-7268
    DOI 10.1002/etc.3539
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  4. Article: Analysis and assessment of trace element contamination in offshore sediments of the Augusta Bay (SE Sicily): A multivariate statistical approach based on canonical correlation analysis and mixture density estimation approach

    Di Leonardo, Rossella / Adriana Bellanca / Giada Adelfio / Marcello Chiodi / Salvatore Mazzola

    Journal of sea research. 2014 Jan., v. 85

    2014  

    Abstract: An application of multivariate statistical methods is provided to identify anthropogenic contaminants and lithogenic elements in offshore sediments collected near the heavily industrialized Augusta Bay, Sicily. An exploratory statistical technique, based ...

    Abstract An application of multivariate statistical methods is provided to identify anthropogenic contaminants and lithogenic elements in offshore sediments collected near the heavily industrialized Augusta Bay, Sicily. An exploratory statistical technique, based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and mixture density estimation approach, is used for distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic contributions of trace elements in the investigated sediments.Following the intensive industrialization of Augusta area, marine sediments reveal the severe impact of local anthropogenic activities for many elements (e.g. As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Sb), which are considered very dangerous for the environment. In contrast, a prevalent natural/lithogenic origin can be ascribed to Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, V, and Zn.The multivariate statistical approach used in this study, which aims to estimate and to classify trace element pre-industrial levels and sources, could be easily applied to other different contaminated areas.
    Keywords anthropogenic activities ; antimony ; arsenic ; cadmium ; chromium ; cobalt ; copper ; industrialization ; lead ; manganese ; marine sediments ; mercury ; multivariate analysis ; nickel ; vanadium ; zinc ; Sicily
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-01
    Size p. 428-442.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1385-1101
    DOI 10.1016/j.seares.2013.07.015
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  5. Article ; Online: Premature aging in bone of fish from a highly polluted marine area.

    Scopelliti, Giovanna / Di Leonardo, Rossella / Tramati, Cecilia D / Mazzola, Antonio / Vizzini, Salvatrice

    Marine pollution bulletin

    2015  Volume 97, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 333–341

    Abstract: Fish species have attracted considerable interest in studies assessing biological responses to environmental contaminants. In this study, the attention has been focussed on fishbone of selected fish species from a highly polluted marine area, Augusta Bay ...

    Abstract Fish species have attracted considerable interest in studies assessing biological responses to environmental contaminants. In this study, the attention has been focussed on fishbone of selected fish species from a highly polluted marine area, Augusta Bay (Italy, Central Mediterranean) to evaluate if toxicant elements had an effect on the mineralogical structure of bones, although macroscopic deformations were not evident. In particular, an attempt was made to evaluate if bone mineral features, such as crystallinity, mineral maturity and carbonate/phosphate mineral content, determined by XR-Diffraction and FT-IR Spectroscopy, suffered negative effects due to trace element levels in fishbone, detected by ICP-OES. Results confirmed the reliability of the use of diffractometric and spectroscopic techniques to assess the degree of crystallinity and the mineral maturity in fishbone. In addition, in highly polluted areas, Hg and Cr contamination induced a process of premature aging of fishbone, altering its biochemical and mineral contents.
    MeSH term(s) Aging, Premature ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Bone and Bones/chemistry ; Bone and Bones/physiology ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Chromium/analysis ; Fishes/physiology ; Italy ; Mercury/analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Water Pollution/adverse effects ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Chemical Substances Chromium (0R0008Q3JB) ; Mercury (FXS1BY2PGL)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2001296-2
    ISSN 1879-3363 ; 0025-326X
    ISSN (online) 1879-3363
    ISSN 0025-326X
    DOI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.069
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  6. Article: Biogeochemical evaluation of historical sediment contamination in the Gulf of Palermo (NW Sicily): Analysis of pseudo-trace elements and stable isotope signals

    Di Leonardo, Rossella / Cundy, Andrew B / Bellanca, Adriana / Mazzola, Antonio / Vizzini, Salvatrice

    Journal of marine systems. 2012 June, v. 94

    2012  

    Abstract: Sedimentary biogeochemical data from the Gulf of Palermo, which borders one of the major urban and industrial areas of the central Mediterranean, provide a decennial–centennial-scale record of the effects of human activity on this coastal environment. In ...

    Abstract Sedimentary biogeochemical data from the Gulf of Palermo, which borders one of the major urban and industrial areas of the central Mediterranean, provide a decennial–centennial-scale record of the effects of human activity on this coastal environment. In this study we report trace elements (TE), Cₒᵣg/Nₜₒₜ ratios, δ¹³Cₒᵣg, and δ¹⁵Nₜₒₜ from dated (²¹⁰Pb) sediments collected in two coastal stations variably influenced by urban/fluvial loadings and illegal dumping and we compare them with published data for offshore sediments, in order to investigate at a large spatial scale the influence of on-land activities on sedimentary marine system. TE were generally low except for Hg and Pb, which exhibited moderate enrichments. Low TE enrichment factors with respect to Cₒᵣg indicate that trace elements were mainly trapped by sedimentary organic matter. Cₒᵣg/Nₜₒₜ, δ¹³Cₒᵣg, and δ¹⁵Nₜₒₜ depth profiles showed that sediments received organic matter derived from marine sources mixed with organic matter from the erosion of terrestrial material as well as unregulated sewage discharges. Superimposed on these patterns, repeated shifts in δ¹³Cₒᵣg towards values higher than those typical of offshore Palermo sediments were concomitant with higher Cₒᵣg/Nₜₒₜ. These shifts observed in the core portions covering the last 40 years reflect enhanced eutrophication as result of elevated nutrient input into marine waters. The results of this study have traced the origin and extent of the organic enrichment and emphasized the importance of utilizing a complete range of chemical and isotopic analyses from sedimentary records to reconstruct the environmental history of coastal ecosystems impacted by urbanization processes.
    Keywords ecosystems ; eutrophication ; humans ; lead ; mercury ; organic matter ; sediment contamination ; sediments ; sewage ; stable isotopes ; trace elements ; urbanization ; Sicily
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2012-06
    Size p. 185-196.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0924-7963
    DOI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.11.022
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  7. Article ; Online: Distribution of REEs in box-core sediments offshore an industrial area in SE Sicily, Ionian Sea: evidence of anomalous sedimentary inputs.

    Di Leonardo, Rossella / Bellanca, Adriana / Neri, Rodolfo / Tranchida, Giorgio / Mazzola, Salvo

    Chemosphere

    2009  Volume 77, Issue 6, Page(s) 778–784

    Abstract: The distribution of rare earth elements and yttrium (REEs+Y) has been investigated in box-core sediments recovered from four stations in the Sicilian coastal zone seawards of Augusta, one of the most industrialized and contaminated areas in the ... ...

    Abstract The distribution of rare earth elements and yttrium (REEs+Y) has been investigated in box-core sediments recovered from four stations in the Sicilian coastal zone seawards of Augusta, one of the most industrialized and contaminated areas in the Mediterranean region. Shale-like REE patterns and low Y/Ho ratios (close to the chondritic ratio) suggest a dominant terrigenous (geogenic) source for REE. Slight enrichment of LREE over the HREE is interpreted as due to preferential adsorptive transfer of LREE from seawater to sediment particles. Samples from offshore cores exhibit slightly positive Gd and negative Ce anomalies. It is here hypothesized that main drivers of anthropogenic Gd flux towards the offshore are dredged contaminated materials that, recovered from the Augusta Bay, have been repeatedly discharged offshore. Consistent with the redox-chemistry of Ce, these anomalous sedimentary inputs induce a decrease of O(2) concentration in the sediment, which in turn triggers Ce regeneration.
    MeSH term(s) Cerium/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Gadolinium/analysis ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Industrial Waste ; Metals, Rare Earth/analysis ; Metals, Rare Earth/chemistry ; Oceans and Seas ; Sicily ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Industrial Waste ; Metals, Rare Earth ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Cerium (30K4522N6T) ; Gadolinium (AU0V1LM3JT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 120089-6
    ISSN 1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    ISSN (online) 1879-1298
    ISSN 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.08.021
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  8. Article ; Online: Effect of solid waste landfill organic pollutants on groundwater in three areas of Sicily (Italy) characterized by different vulnerability.

    Indelicato, Serena / Orecchio, Santino / Avellone, Giuseppe / Bellomo, Sergio / Ceraulo, Leopoldo / Di Leonardo, Rossella / Di Stefano, Vita / Favara, Rocco / Candela, Esterina Gagliano / La Pica, Leonardo / Morici, Sabina / Pecoraino, Giovannella / Pisciotta, Antonino / Scaletta, Claudio / Vita, Fabio / Vizzini, Salvatrice / Bongiorno, David

    Environmental science and pollution research international

    2017  Volume 24, Issue 20, Page(s) 16869–16882

    Abstract: The aim of this study was to obtain information on the presence and levels of hazardous organic pollutants in groundwater located close to solid waste landfills. Eighty-two environmental contaminants, including 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ...

    Abstract The aim of this study was to obtain information on the presence and levels of hazardous organic pollutants in groundwater located close to solid waste landfills. Eighty-two environmental contaminants, including 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 20 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 29 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 7 dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, PCDDs) and 10 furans (polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PCDFs) were monitored in areas characterised by different geological environments surrounding three municipal solid waste landfills (Palermo, Siculiana and Ragusa) in Sicily (Italy) in three sampling campaigns. The total concentrations of the 16 PAHs were always below the legal threshold. Overall, the Fl/Fl + Py diagnostic ratio revealed that PAHs had a petrogenic origin. VOC levels, except for two notable exceptions near Palermo landfill, were always below the legal limit. As concerns PCB levels, several samples were found positive with levels exceeding the legal limits. It is worth noting that the % PCB distribution differs from that of commercial compositions. In parallel, some samples of groundwater containing PCDDs and PCDFs exceeding the legal threshold were also found. Among the 17 congeners monitored, the most abundant were the highest molecular weight ones.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1178791-0
    ISSN 1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
    ISSN (online) 1614-7499
    ISSN 0944-1344
    DOI 10.1007/s11356-017-9198-8
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  9. Article: Possible impacts of Hg and PAH contamination on benthic foraminiferal assemblages: an example from the Sicilian coast, central Mediterranean.

    Di Leonardo, Rossella / Bellanca, Adriana / Capotondi, Lucilla / Cundy, Andrew / Neri, Rodolfo

    The Science of the total environment

    2007  Volume 388, Issue 1-3, Page(s) 168–183

    Abstract: The Palermo and Augusta urban/industrial areas (Sicily) are examples of contaminated coastal environments with a relatively high influx of unregulated industrial and domestic effluents. Three sediment box-cores were collected offshore of these urban/ ... ...

    Abstract The Palermo and Augusta urban/industrial areas (Sicily) are examples of contaminated coastal environments with a relatively high influx of unregulated industrial and domestic effluents. Three sediment box-cores were collected offshore of these urban/industrial areas in water depths of 60-150 m during two cruises (summers 2003/2004), dated by (210)Pb and (137)Cs, and analysed for total mercury concentration and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages were also examined (in terms of their distribution and morphology) to assess the potential use of benthic foraminifera as bioindicators of pollutant input and environmental change in these Mediterranean shelf environments. The Hg and PAHs vs depth profiles show a clear increase in concentration with decreasing depth. Most of the sediments are highly enriched in mercury and show concentrations more than 20 times the background mercury value estimated for sediments from the Sicily Strait. The Hg and PAH concentrations appear to be potentially hazardous, grossly exceeding national and international regulatory guidelines. A reduction in abundance of benthic foraminifera, increasing percentages of tests with various morphological deformities, and the dominance of opportunistic species in more recent sediments can be correlated to anthropogenic impact.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cesium Radioisotopes ; Environmental Monitoring ; Geologic Sediments/analysis ; Lead Radioisotopes ; Mediterranean Sea ; Mercury/analysis ; Mercury/toxicity ; Paleontology ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/toxicity ; Sicily ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; Zooplankton/drug effects ; Zooplankton/growth & development
    Chemical Substances Cesium Radioisotopes ; Lead Radioisotopes ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Mercury (FXS1BY2PGL)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-12-15
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.009
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  10. Article: Mercury levels in sediments of central Mediterranean Sea: a 150+ year record from box-cores recovered in the Strait of Sicily.

    Di Leonardo, Rossella / Tranchida, Giorgio / Bellanca, Adriana / Neri, Rodolfo / Angelone, Massimo / Mazzola, Salvo

    Chemosphere

    2006  Volume 65, Issue 11, Page(s) 2366–2376

    Abstract: To evaluate the degree of anthropogenic mercury pollution, Hg contents have been measured for box-core sediments sampled along three nearshore-offshore transects in the Strait of Sicily and well constrained for their mineralogy, bulk geochemistry and TOC% ...

    Abstract To evaluate the degree of anthropogenic mercury pollution, Hg contents have been measured for box-core sediments sampled along three nearshore-offshore transects in the Strait of Sicily and well constrained for their mineralogy, bulk geochemistry and TOC%. Hg values are generally low (from 15 to 70 microg kg(-1)); however, depth profiles clearly display upcore rising concentrations (up to 202 microg kg(-1) near the SE Sicily coast) that are attributed to anthropogenic load. Based on (210)Pb chronology, these trends are more dramatic across the last 20-30 years. Geogenic influence is thought to explain some anomalies related to volcanic emission and geothermal activity. Combined effects due to eastward flowing of the Modified Atlantic Water (MAW) and sea bottom morphology drove major anthropogenic accumulation.
    MeSH term(s) Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Mediterranean Sea ; Mercury/analysis
    Chemical Substances Mercury (FXS1BY2PGL)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 120089-6
    ISSN 1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    ISSN (online) 1879-1298
    ISSN 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.076
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