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  1. Article ; Online: Transport of symbiont-encoded cellulases from the gill to the gut of shipworms via the enigmatic ducts of Deshayes: a 174-year mystery solved.

    Altamia, Marvin A / Distel, Daniel L

    Proceedings. Biological sciences

    2022  Volume 289, Issue 1986, Page(s) 20221478

    Abstract: Shipworms (Bivalvia, Teredinidae) are the principal consumers of wood in marine environments. Like most wood-eating organisms, they digest wood with the aid of cellulolytic enzymes supplied by symbiotic bacteria. However, in shipworms the symbiotic ... ...

    Abstract Shipworms (Bivalvia, Teredinidae) are the principal consumers of wood in marine environments. Like most wood-eating organisms, they digest wood with the aid of cellulolytic enzymes supplied by symbiotic bacteria. However, in shipworms the symbiotic bacteria are not found in the digestive system. Instead, they are located intracellularly in the gland of Deshayes, a specialized tissue found within the gills. It has been independently demonstrated that symbiont-encoded cellulolytic enzymes are present in the digestive systems and gills of two shipworm species, Bankia setacea and Lyrodus pedicellatus, confirming that these enzymes are transported from the gills to the lumen of the gut. However, the mechanism of enzyme transport from gill to gut remains incompletely understood. Recently, a mechanism was proposed by which enzymes are transported within bacterial cells that are expelled from the gill and transported to the mouth by ciliary action of the branchial or food grooves. Here we use in situ immunohistochemical methods to provide evidence for a different mechanism in the shipworm B. setacea, in which cellulolytic enzymes are transported via the ducts of Deshayes, enigmatic structures first described 174 years ago, but whose function have remained unexplained.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Gills ; Cellulases ; Phylogeny ; Symbiosis ; Bivalvia/microbiology ; Bacteria
    Chemical Substances Cellulases (EC 3.2.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 209242-6
    ISSN 1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    ISSN (online) 1471-2954
    ISSN 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    DOI 10.1098/rspb.2022.1478
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The Ocean Genome Legacy: A Genomic Resource Repository for Marine Life.

    Falco, Rosalia / Appiah-Madson, Hannah J / Distel, Daniel L

    Biopreservation and biobanking

    2022  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 104–106

    MeSH term(s) Genome ; Genomics ; Oceans and Seas
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2593993-2
    ISSN 1947-5543 ; 1947-5535
    ISSN (online) 1947-5543
    ISSN 1947-5535
    DOI 10.1089/bio.2021.0148
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Mate competition during pseudocopulation in shipworms.

    Shipway, J Reuben / Treneman, Nancy C / Distel, Daniel L

    Biology letters

    2020  Volume 16, Issue 12, Page(s) 20200626

    Abstract: Shipworms are predominantly wood-eating bivalves that play fundamental roles in biodegradation, niche creation and nutrient cycling across a range of marine ecosystems. Shipworms remain confined to the wood they colonize as larvae; however, continual ... ...

    Abstract Shipworms are predominantly wood-eating bivalves that play fundamental roles in biodegradation, niche creation and nutrient cycling across a range of marine ecosystems. Shipworms remain confined to the wood they colonize as larvae; however, continual feeding and rapid growth to large sizes degrade both food source and habitat. This unique lifestyle has led to the evolution of a stunning diversity of reproductive strategies, from broadcast spawning to spermcasting, larval brooding and extreme sexual size dimorphism with male dwarfism. Some species also engage in pseudocopulation, a form of direct fertilization where groups of neighbouring individuals simultaneously inseminate one another via their siphons-the only part of the animal extending beyond the burrow. Among the Bivalvia, this exceptionally rare behaviour is unique to shipworms and remains infrequently observed and poorly understood. Herein, we document pseudocopulation with video footage in the giant feathery shipworm (
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bivalvia ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Male ; Reproduction ; Spermatozoa ; Wood
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2135022-X
    ISSN 1744-957X ; 1744-9561
    ISSN (online) 1744-957X
    ISSN 1744-9561
    DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0626
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Description of two new genera and two new species of antipatharian corals in the family Aphanipathidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia).

    Opresko, Dennis M / Bo, Marzia / Stein, David P / Evankow, Ann / Distel, Daniel L / Brugler, Mercer R

    Zootaxa

    2021  Volume 4966, Issue 2, Page(s) 161174

    Abstract: Two new genera and two new species of black corals are recognized in the family Aphanipathidae. The new genus Anozopathes, with the species A. hawaiiensis sp. nov. and A. palauensis, sp. nov. is characterized by a sparsely and irregularly branched ... ...

    Abstract Two new genera and two new species of black corals are recognized in the family Aphanipathidae. The new genus Anozopathes, with the species A. hawaiiensis sp. nov. and A. palauensis, sp. nov. is characterized by a sparsely and irregularly branched corallum with relatively long branches which can be straight, curved or crooked. The genus Aphanostichopathes, with the type species Cirripathes paucispina Brook, is characterized by an unbranched corallum with a long, curved stem with loose distal coils. Mitochondrial DNA data (nad5-IGR-nad1 for Anozopathes and cox3-cox1 for Aphanostichopathes) indicate that both taxa are related to the genera Aphanipathes, Phanopathes and Acanthopathes in the family Aphanipathidae, and morphologically they both share the characteristic of having spines with distinct conical tubercles. The two new species of Anozopathes are separated primarily by differences in colony growth form and in the size and shape of the skeletal spines. Species of Aphanostichopathes are separated primarily by differences in the size and shape of the spines and by size and density of the tubercles on the surface of the spines.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anthozoa/anatomy & histology ; Anthozoa/classification ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Phylogeny
    Chemical Substances DNA, Mitochondrial
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-03
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1175-5334
    ISSN (online) 1175-5334
    DOI 10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Complete mitochondrial genomes of the black corals

    Cruz, Brendan A / Cappelmann, Anneau / Chutjian, Hope / Roman, Jude C / Reid, Mason A / Wright, Jacob / Gonzalez, Aydanni D / Keyman, Taylor / Griffith, Kierstin M / Appiah-Madson, Hannah J / Distel, Daniel L / Hayes, Vonda E / Drewery, Jim / Pettay, D Tye / Staton, Joseph L / Brugler, Mercer R

    ZooKeys

    2024  Volume 1196, Page(s) 79–93

    Abstract: We describe the complete mitogenomes of the black ... ...

    Abstract We describe the complete mitogenomes of the black corals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-22
    Publishing country Bulgaria
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2445640-8
    ISSN 1313-2970 ; 1313-2989
    ISSN (online) 1313-2970
    ISSN 1313-2989
    DOI 10.3897/zookeys.1196.116837
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Greater than pH 8: The pH dependence of EDTA as a preservative of high molecular weight DNA in biological samples.

    DeSanctis, Mia L / Soranno, Elizabeth A / Messner, Ella / Wang, Ziyu / Turner, Elena M / Falco, Rosalia / Appiah-Madson, Hannah J / Distel, Daniel L

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) e0280807

    Abstract: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a divalent cation chelator and chemical preservative that has been shown to be the active ingredient of the popular DNA preservative DESS. EDTA may act to reduce DNA degradation during tissue storage by ... ...

    Abstract Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a divalent cation chelator and chemical preservative that has been shown to be the active ingredient of the popular DNA preservative DESS. EDTA may act to reduce DNA degradation during tissue storage by sequestering divalent cations that are required by nucleases naturally occurring in animal tissues. Although EDTA is typically used between pH 7.5 and 8 in preservative preparations, the capacity of EDTA to chelate divalent cations is known to increase with increasing pH. Therefore, increasing the pH of EDTA-containing preservative solutions may improve their effectiveness as DNA preservatives. To test this hypothesis, we stored tissues from five aquatic species in 0.25 M EDTA adjusted to pH 8, 9, and 10 for 12 months at room temperature before DNA isolation. For comparison, tissues from the same specimens were also stored in 95% ethanol. DNA extractions performed on tissues preserved in EDTA pH 9 or 10 resulted in as great or greater percent recovery of high molecular weight DNA than did extractions from tissues stored at pH 8. In all cases examined, percent recovery of high molecular weight DNA from tissues preserved in EDTA pH 10 was significantly better than that observed from tissues preserved in 95% ethanol. Our results support the conclusion that EDTA contributes to DNA preservation in tissues by chelating divalent cations and suggest that preservative performance can be improved by increasing the pH of EDTA-containing DNA preservative solutions.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Edetic Acid/chemistry ; Molecular Weight ; Cations, Divalent ; DNA ; Ethanol ; Chelating Agents ; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
    Chemical Substances Edetic Acid (9G34HU7RV0) ; Cations, Divalent ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M) ; Chelating Agents ; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0280807
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: A Highly Prevalent and Pervasive Densovirus Discovered among Sea Stars from the North American Atlantic Coast.

    Jackson, Elliot W / Pepe-Ranney, Charles / Johnson, Mitchell R / Distel, Daniel L / Hewson, Ian

    Applied and environmental microbiology

    2020  Volume 86, Issue 6

    Abstract: The etiology of sea star wasting syndrome is hypothesized to be caused by a densovirus, sea star-associated densovirus (SSaDV), that has previously been reported on the Pacific and Atlantic Coasts of the United States. In this study, we reevaluated the ... ...

    Abstract The etiology of sea star wasting syndrome is hypothesized to be caused by a densovirus, sea star-associated densovirus (SSaDV), that has previously been reported on the Pacific and Atlantic Coasts of the United States. In this study, we reevaluated the presence of SSaDV among sea stars from the North American Atlantic Coast and in doing so discovered a novel densovirus that we have named
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Asterias/virology ; Densovirus/classification ; Densovirus/isolation & purification ; Densovirus/physiology ; Female ; Male ; New England
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 223011-2
    ISSN 1098-5336 ; 0099-2240
    ISSN (online) 1098-5336
    ISSN 0099-2240
    DOI 10.1128/AEM.02723-19
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Shipworm bioerosion of lithic substrates in a freshwater setting, Abatan River, Philippines: Ichnologic, paleoenvironmental and biogeomorphical implications.

    Shipway, J Reuben / Rosenberg, Gary / Concepcion, Gisela P / Haygood, Margo G / Savrda, Charles / Distel, Daniel L

    PloS one

    2019  Volume 14, Issue 10, Page(s) e0224551

    Abstract: Teredinid bivalves, commonly referred to as shipworms, are known for their propensity to inhabit, bioerode, and digest woody substrates across a range of brackish and fully marine settings. Shipworm body fossils and/or their borings, which are most ... ...

    Abstract Teredinid bivalves, commonly referred to as shipworms, are known for their propensity to inhabit, bioerode, and digest woody substrates across a range of brackish and fully marine settings. Shipworm body fossils and/or their borings, which are most allied with the ichnotaxon Teredolites longissimus, are found in wood preserved in sedimentary sequences ranging in age from Early Cretaceous to Recent and traditionally they have been regarded as evidence of marginal marine or marine depositional environments. Recent studies associated with the Philippine Mollusk Symbiont International Collaboration Biodiversity Group (PMS-ICBG) expedition on the island of Bohol, Philippines, have identified a new shipworm taxon (Lithoredo abatanica) that is responsible for macrobioerosion of a moderately indurated Neogene foraminiferal packstone cropping out along a freshwater reach of the Abatan River. In the process of drilling into and ingesting the limestone, these shipworms produce elongate borings that expand in diameter very gradually toward distal termini, exhibit sinuous or highly contorted axes and circular transverse outlines, and are lined along most of their length by a calcite tube. Given their strong resemblance to T. longissimus produced in wood but their unusual occurrence in a lithic substrate, these shipworm borings can be regarded as incipient Gastrochaenolites or, alternatively, as Apectoichnus. The alternate names reflect that the borings provide a testbed for ideas of the appropriateness of substrate as an ichnotaxobasis. The discovery of previously unrecognized shipworm borings in lithic substrates and the co-occurrence of another shipworm (Nausitora) in submerged logs in the same freshwater setting have implications for interpreting depositional conditions based on fossil teredinids or their ichnofossils. Of equal significance, the Abatan River study demonstrates that macrobioerosion in freshwater systems may be just as important as it is in marine systems with regard to habitat creation and landscape development. L. abatanica serve as ecosystems engineers in the sense that networks of their abandoned borings provide habitats for a variety of nestling invertebrates, and associated bioerosion undoubtedly enhances rates of mechanical and chemical degradation, thus influencing the Abatan River profile.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biodiversity ; Bivalvia/classification ; Bivalvia/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Fresh Water ; Mya/classification ; Philippines ; Phylogeny ; Rivers ; Symbiosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0224551
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: DESS deconstructed: Is EDTA solely responsible for protection of high molecular weight DNA in this common tissue preservative?

    Sharpe, Amy / Barrios, Sonia / Gayer, Sarah / Allan-Perkins, Elisha / Stein, David / Appiah-Madson, Hannah J / Falco, Rosalia / Distel, Daniel L

    PloS one

    2020  Volume 15, Issue 8, Page(s) e0237356

    Abstract: DESS is a formulation widely used to preserve DNA in biological tissue samples. Although it contains three ingredients, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium chloride (NaCl), it is frequently referred to as a DMSO- ... ...

    Abstract DESS is a formulation widely used to preserve DNA in biological tissue samples. Although it contains three ingredients, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium chloride (NaCl), it is frequently referred to as a DMSO-based preservative. The effectiveness of DESS has been confirmed for a variety of taxa and tissues, however, to our knowledge, the contributions of each component of DESS to DNA preservation have not been evaluated. To address this question, we stored tissues of three aquatic taxa, Mytilus edulis (blue mussel), Faxonius virilis (virile crayfish) and Alitta virens (clam worm) in DESS, each component of DESS individually and solutions containing all combinations of two components of DESS. After storage at room temperature for intervals ranging from one day to six months, we extracted DNA from each tissue and measured the percentage of high molecular weight (HMW) DNA recovered (%R) and normalized HMW DNA yield (nY). Here, HMW DNA is defined as fragments >10 kb. For comparison, we also measured the %R and nY of HMW DNA from extracts of fresh tissues and those stored in 95% EtOH over the same time intervals. We found that in cases where DESS performed most effectively (yielding ≥ 20%R of HMW DNA), all solutions containing EDTA were as or more effective than DESS. Conversely, in cases where DESS performed more poorly, none of the six DESS-variant storage solutions provided better protection of HMW DNA than DESS. Moreover, for all taxa and storage intervals longer than one day, tissues stored in solutions containing DMSO alone, NaCl alone or DMSO and NaCl in combination resulted in %R and nY of HMW DNA significantly lower than those of fresh tissues. These results indicate that for the taxa, solutions and time intervals examined, only EDTA contributed directly to preservation of high molecular weight DNA.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; DNA/chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; Edetic Acid/chemistry ; Edetic Acid/pharmacology ; Molecular Weight ; Tissue Preservation/methods
    Chemical Substances DNA (9007-49-2) ; Edetic Acid (9G34HU7RV0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0237356
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Thiosocius teredinicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophic endosymbiont cultivated from the gills of the giant shipworm, Kuphus polythalamius.

    Altamia, Marvin A / Shipway, J Reuben / Concepcion, Gisela P / Haygood, Margo G / Distel, Daniel L

    International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology

    2018  Volume 69, Issue 3, Page(s) 638–644

    Abstract: A chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing, diazotrophic, facultatively heterotrophic, endosymbiotic bacterium, designated as strain 2141T, was isolated from the gills of the giant shipworm Kuphus polythalamius (Teredinidae: Bivalvia). Based on its 16S ... ...

    Abstract A chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing, diazotrophic, facultatively heterotrophic, endosymbiotic bacterium, designated as strain 2141T, was isolated from the gills of the giant shipworm Kuphus polythalamius (Teredinidae: Bivalvia). Based on its 16S rRNA sequence, the endosymbiont falls within a clade that includes the as-yet-uncultivated thioautotrophic symbionts of a marine ciliate and hydrothermal vent gastropods, uncultivated marine sediment bacteria, and a free-living sulfur-oxidizing bacterium ODIII6, all of which belong to the Gammaproteobacteria. The endosymbiont is Gram-negative, rod-shaped and has a single polar flagellum when grown in culture. This bacterium can be grown chemolithoautotrophically on a chemically defined medium supplemented with either hydrogen sulfide, thiosulfate, tetrathionate or elemental sulfur. The closed-circular genome has a DNA G+C content of 60.1 mol% and is 4.79 Mbp in size with a large nitrogenase cluster spanning nearly 40 kbp. The diazotrophic capability was confirmed by growing the strain on chemolithoautotrophic thiosulfate-based medium without a combined source of fixed nitrogen. The bacterium is also capable of heterotrophic growth on organic acids such as acetate and propionate. The pH, temperature and salinity optima for chemolithoautotrophic growth on thiosulfate were found to be 8.5, 34 °C and 0.2 M NaCl, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pure culture of a thioautotrophic animal symbiont. The type strain of Thiosocius teredinicola is PMS-2141T.STBD.0c.01a
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Base Composition ; Bivalvia/microbiology ; Chemoautotrophic Growth ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Fatty Acids/chemistry ; Gammaproteobacteria/classification ; Gammaproteobacteria/isolation & purification ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Gills/microbiology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Philippines ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sulfur/metabolism ; Thiosulfates
    Chemical Substances DNA, Bacterial ; Fatty Acids ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Thiosulfates ; Sulfur (70FD1KFU70)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2002336-4
    ISSN 1466-5034 ; 1466-5026
    ISSN (online) 1466-5034
    ISSN 1466-5026
    DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.003143
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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