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Article ; Online: Viral hepatitis and the cascade of care among people living with HIV in the Asia-Pacific.

Rupasinghe, Dhanushi / Choi, Jun Yong / Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran / Pujari, Sanjay / Sun, Ly Penh / Merati, Tuti Parwati / Lee, Man Po / Kinh, Nguyen Van / Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin / Do, Cuong Duy / Avihingsanon, Anchalee / Ross, Jeremy / Jiamsakul, Awachana

HIV medicine

2022 Volume 23, Issue 9, Page(s) 959–968

Abstract: Background: Although the prevalence and mortality of hepatitis is high in the Asia-Pacific region, few studies are available on the diagnosis, treatment, and cure rates for viral hepatitis among people living with HIV in this area. This study aims to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Although the prevalence and mortality of hepatitis is high in the Asia-Pacific region, few studies are available on the diagnosis, treatment, and cure rates for viral hepatitis among people living with HIV in this area. This study aims to report the cascade of care (CoC) for hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) among people living with HIV receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: Patients enrolled in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database Low Intensity Transfer (TAHOD-LITE) cohort, on ART, and with follow-up data from 2010 to 2019 were included. Patients were determined as positive for HCV or HBV co-infection if they ever tested positive for HCV antibody (anti-HCV) or HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), respectively. Results: In total, 39% (8612/22 340) of the adult HIV cohort had undergone HBsAg testing, with 8% (672/8612) testing positive. HBV CoC demonstrated that 71% (474/672) of those with HBsAg positive results initiated treatment, 67% (318/474) of those on treatment had HBV DNA testing to evaluate treatment progression, and 18% (58/318) of those tested reached viral suppression. Of the cohort, 37% (8231/22 340) had anti-HCV testing, of whom 10% (779/8231) tested positive. The HCV CoC showed that 68% (526/779) of those with positive anti-HCV tests had HCV RNA tests, of whom 51% (267/526) had detectable HCV RNA. Among those with detectable HCV RNA, 65% (174/267) initiated HCV treatment. Of the 40% (69/174) who initiated HCV treatment, 90% (62/69) reached sustained virological response. Conclusion: Our findings identified less frequent testing in the healthcare system and limited access to treatment as gaps in the CoC for viral hepatitis. More routine HCV RNA and HBV DNA testing is required for patients with positive screening tests to identify those in need of treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Asia/epidemiology ; DNA, Viral ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B/diagnosis ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; Humans ; Prevalence ; RNA
Chemical Substances	DNA, Viral ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; RNA (63231-63-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2001932-4
ISSN	1468-1293 ; 1464-2662
ISSN (online)	1468-1293
ISSN	1464-2662
DOI	10.1111/hiv.13280
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Article ; Online: Management of mild cases of COVID-19 in low-resource countries: An experience in Vietnam.

Than, Hung Manh / Nong, Vuong Minh / Nguyen, Cap Trung / Thi Tran, Ninh Hai / Do, Cuong Duy / Pham, Thach Ngoc

Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi

2020 Volume 54, Issue 1, Page(s) 139–140

MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/therapy ; Epidemics/prevention & control ; Female ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vietnam/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1497590-7
ISSN	1995-9133 ; 1684-1182 ; 0253-2662
ISSN (online)	1995-9133
ISSN	1684-1182 ; 0253-2662
DOI	10.1016/j.jmii.2020.04.012
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Article ; Online: CD4/CD8 Ratio Recovery Among People Living With HIV Starting With First-Line Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors: A Prospective Regional Cohort Analysis.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

2023 Volume 92, Issue 2, Page(s) 180–188

Abstract: Background: We evaluated trends in CD4/CD8 ratio among people living with HIV (PLWH) starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) with first-line integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) compared with non-INSTI-based ART, and the incidence of CD4/CD8 ratio ...

Abstract	Background: We evaluated trends in CD4/CD8 ratio among people living with HIV (PLWH) starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) with first-line integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) compared with non-INSTI-based ART, and the incidence of CD4/CD8 ratio normalization. Methods: All PLWH enrolled in adult HIV cohorts of IeDEA Asia-Pacific who started with triple-ART with at least 1 CD4, CD8 (3-month window), and HIV-1 RNA measurement post-ART were included. CD4/CD8 ratio normalization was defined as a ratio ≥1. Longitudinal changes in CD4/CD8 ratio were analyzed by linear mixed model, the incidence of the normalization by Cox regression, and the differences in ratio recovery by group-based trajectory modeling. Results: A total of 5529 PLWH were included; 80% male, median age 35 years (interquartile range [IQR], 29-43). First-line regimens were comprised of 65% NNRTI, 19% PI, and 16% INSTI. The baseline CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.19 (IQR, 0.09-0.33). PLWH starting with NNRTI- (P = 0.005) or PI-based ART (P = 0.030) had lower CD4/CD8 recovery over 5 years compared with INSTI. During 24,304 person-years of follow-up, 32% had CD4/CD8 ratio normalization. After adjusting for age, sex, baseline CD4, HIV-1 RNA, HCV, and year of ART initiation, PLWH started with INSTI had higher odds of achieving CD4/CD8 ratio normalization than NNRTI- (P < 0.001) or PI-based ART (P = 0.015). In group-based trajectory modeling analysis, INSTI was associated with greater odds of being in the higher ratio trajectory. Conclusions: INSTI use was associated with higher rates of CD4/CD8 ratio recovery and normalization in our cohort. These results emphasize the relative benefits of INSTI-based ART for immune restoration.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Cohort Studies ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; HIV Integrase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; RNA/therapeutic use ; Integrases
Chemical Substances	HIV Integrase Inhibitors ; RNA (63231-63-0) ; Integrases (EC 2.7.7.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	645053-2
ISSN	1944-7884 ; 1077-9450 ; 0897-5965 ; 0894-9255 ; 1525-4135
ISSN (online)	1944-7884 ; 1077-9450
ISSN	0897-5965 ; 0894-9255 ; 1525-4135
DOI	10.1097/QAI.0000000000003121
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Article ; Online: The second wave of COVID-19 in a tourist hotspot in Vietnam.

Nong, Vuong Minh / Le Thi Nguyen, Quyen / Doan, Tra Thu / Van Do, Thanh / Nguyen, Tuan Quang / Dao, Co Xuan / Thi Nguyen, Trang Huyen / Do, Cuong Duy

Journal of travel medicine

2020 Volume 28, Issue 2

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Testing/statistics & numerical data ; Contact Tracing/methods ; Contact Tracing/statistics & numerical data ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Quarantine/methods ; Quarantine/statistics & numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vietnam/epidemiology
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1212504-0
ISSN	1708-8305 ; 1195-1982
ISSN (online)	1708-8305
ISSN	1195-1982
DOI	10.1093/jtm/taaa174
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Article: Management of mild cases of COVID-19 in low-resource countries: An experience in Vietnam

Than, Hung Manh / Nong, Vuong Minh / Nguyen, Cap Trung / Thi Tran, Ninh Hai / Do, Cuong Duy / Pham, Thach Ngoc

J. microbiol. immunol. infect

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #72125
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Management of mild cases of COVID-19 in low-resource countries

Than, Hung Manh / Nong, Vuong Minh / Nguyen, Cap Trung / Thi Tran, Ninh Hai / Do, Cuong Duy / Pham, Thach Ngoc

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection ; ISSN 1684-1182

An experience in Vietnam

2020

Keywords	Immunology and Allergy ; Microbiology (medical) ; General Immunology and Microbiology ; Infectious Diseases ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1016/j.jmii.2020.04.012
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Article: Characteristics and biomarkers of patients with central nervous system infection admitted to a referral hospital in Northern Vietnam.

Ngo, Cuong Chi / Katoh, Shungo / Hasebe, Futoshi / Dhoubhadel, Bhim Gopal / Hiraoka, Tomoko / Hamaguchi, Sugihiro / Le, Anh Thi Kim / Nguyen, Anh Thi Hien / Dang, Anh Duc / Smith, Chris / Yoshida, Lay-Myint / Do, Cuong Duy / Pham, Thuy Thi Thanh / Ariyoshi, Koya

Tropical medicine and health

2021 Volume 49, Issue 1, Page(s) 42

Abstract: Background: Laboratory facilities for etiological diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) infection are limited in developing countries; therefore, patients are treated empirically, and the epidemiology of the pathogens is not well-known. Tubercular ... ...

Abstract	Background: Laboratory facilities for etiological diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) infection are limited in developing countries; therefore, patients are treated empirically, and the epidemiology of the pathogens is not well-known. Tubercular meningitis is one of the common causes of meningitis, which has high morbidity and mortality, but lacks sensitive diagnostic assays. The objectives of this study were to determine the causes of meningitis in adult patients by using molecular assays, to assess the risk factors associated with them, and to explore whether biomarkers can differentiate tubercular meningitis from bacterial meningitis. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam, from June 2012 to May 2014. All patients who were ≥ 16 years old and who had meningoencephalitis suggested by abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings (CSF total cell >5/mm3 or CSF protein ≥40 mg/dL) were included in the study. In addition to culture, CSF samples were tested for common bacterial and viral pathogens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for biomarkers: C-reactive protein and adenosine deaminase (ADA). Results: Total number of patients admitted to the department was 7506; among them, 679 were suspected to have CNS infection, and they underwent lumbar puncture. Five hundred eighty-three patients had abnormal CSF findings (meningoencephalitis); median age was 45 (IQR 31-58), 62.6% were male, and 60.9% were tested for HIV infection. Among 408 CSF samples tested by PCR, out of them, 358 were also tested by culture; an etiology was identified in 27.5% (n=112). S. suis (8.8%), N. meningitis (3.2%), and S. pneumoniae (2.7%) were common bacterial and HSV (2.2%), Echovirus 6 (0.7%), and Echovirus 30 (0.7%) were common viral pathogens detected. M. tuberculosis was found in 3.2%. Mixed pathogens were detected in 1.8% of the CSF samples. Rural residence (aOR 4.1, 95% CI 1.2-14.4) and raised CSF ADA (≥10 IU/L) (aOR 25.5, 95% CI 3.1-212) were associated with bacterial meningitis when compared with viral meningitis; similarly, raised CSF ADA (≥10 IU/L) (aOR 42.2, 95% CI 2.0-882) was associated with tubercular meningitis. Conclusions: Addition of molecular method to the conventional culture had enhanced the identification of etiologies of CNS infection. Raised CSF ADA (≥10 IU/L) was strongly associated with bacterial and tubercular meningitis. This biomarker might be helpful to diagnose tubercular meningitis once bacterial meningitis is ruled out by other methods.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-21
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2209835-5
ISSN	1349-4147 ; 1348-8945
ISSN (online)	1349-4147
ISSN	1348-8945
DOI	10.1186/s41182-021-00322-2
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Article ; Online: Smartphone Use and Willingness to Pay for HIV Treatment-Assisted Smartphone Applications among HIV-Positive Patients in Urban Clinics of Vietnam.

Bui, Thu Minh / Hoang, Men Thi / Ngo, Toan Van / Do, Cuong Duy / Nghiem, Son Hong / Byrnes, Joshua / Phung, Dung Tri / Nguyen, Trang Huyen Thi / Vu, Giang Thu / Do, Hoa Thi / Latkin, Carl A / Ho, Roger C M / Ho, Cyrus S H

International journal of environmental research and public health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 4

Abstract: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-assisted smartphone applications in the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was performed in two urban outpatient clinics in Hanoi from May ...

Abstract	This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-assisted smartphone applications in the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was performed in two urban outpatient clinics in Hanoi from May to December 2019. A simple random sampling method and a structured questionnaire were used to recruit 495 eligible participants and to collect data. Multivariable modified Poisson regression and multivariable linear regression models were employed to investigate the factors associated with the willingness to pay (WTP) and amount of money patients were willing to pay. Approximately 82.8% of respondents were willing to pay for the hypothetical applications, with the mean amount the participants were willing to pay of Vietnam Dong (VND) 72,100/month. Marital status (separate/divorced/widow: Odds ratio (OR) = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (1.09; 1.50) and having spouse/partner: OR = 1.18, 95% CI = (1.03; 1.36)) and using health services (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = (1.01; 1.04)) were positively associated with nominating they would be WTP for the app, whereas the duration of antiretroviral treatment (ART) (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = (0.96; 0.99)) had a negative association. The frequency of using health services (β = 0.04, 95% CI = (-0.07; -0.01)) was negatively associated with the amount of WTP. High levels of WTP revealed the feasibility of implementing smartphone-based apps for HIV treatment. This study implied the necessity to consider a co-payment system to reach populations who were in need but where such applications may be unaffordable in lieu of other treatment-associated expenses. Developers also need to pay attention to privacy features to attract single people living with HIV/AIDS and additional measures to initiate people with a long duration on ART into using the applications.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; Smartphone ; Vietnam
Chemical Substances	Anti-Retroviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1660-4601
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
DOI	10.3390/ijerph18041467
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Article ; Online: Patterns and prognosis of holding regimens for people living with HIV in Asian countries.

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) e0264157

Abstract: The use of holding regimens for people living with HIV (PLWH) without effective antiretroviral options can have effects on outcomes and future treatment options. We aimed to investigate the use of holding regimens for PLWH in Asian countries. Data from ... ...

Abstract	The use of holding regimens for people living with HIV (PLWH) without effective antiretroviral options can have effects on outcomes and future treatment options. We aimed to investigate the use of holding regimens for PLWH in Asian countries. Data from adults enrolled in routine HIV care in IeDEA Asia-Pacific cohorts were included. Individuals were considered to be on holding regimen if they had been on combination antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months, had two confirmed viral loads (VL) ≥1000 copies/mL, and had remained on the same medications for at least 6 months. Survival time was analyzed using Fine and Gray's competing risk regression. Factors associated with CD4 changes and VL <1000 copies/mL were analyzed using linear regression and logistic regression, respectively. A total of 425 PLWH (72.9% male; 45.2% high-income and 54.8% low-to-middle-income country) met criteria for being on a holding regimen. From high-income countries, 63.0% were on protease inhibitors (PIs); from low-to-middle-income countries, 58.4% were on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs); overall, 4.5% were on integrase inhibitors. The combination of lamivudine, zidovudine, and efavirenz was the most commonly used single regimen (n = 46, 10.8%), followed by lamivudine, zidovudine, and nevirapine (n = 37, 8.7%). Forty-one PLWH (9.7%) died during follow-up (mortality rate 2.0 per 100 person-years). Age >50 years compared to age 31-40 years (sub-hazard ratio [SHR] 3.29, 95% CI 1.45-7.43, p = 0.004), and VL ≥1000 copies/ml compared to VL <1000 copies/mL (SHR, 2.14, 95% CI 1.08-4.25, p = 0.029) were associated with increased mortality, while higher CD4 counts were protective. In our Asia regional cohort, there was a diversity of holding regimens, and the patterns of PI vs. NNRTI use differed by country income levels. Considering the high mortality rate of PLWH with holding regimen, efforts to extend accessibility to additional antiretroviral options are needed in our region.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Lamivudine/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Viral Load ; Zidovudine/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; Lamivudine (2T8Q726O95) ; Zidovudine (4B9XT59T7S)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0264157
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Article ; Online: Factors associated with high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and cirrhosis in people living with HIV on combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) in the Asia-Pacific.

Rupasinghe, Dhanushi / Choi, Jun Yong / Yunihastuti, Evy / Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin / Ross, Jeremy / Ly, Penh Sun / Chaiwarith, Romanee / Do, Cuong Duy / Chan, Yu-Jiun / Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran / Avihingsanon, Anchalee / Kamarulzaman, Adeeba / Khusuwan, Suwimon / Zhang, Fujie / Lee, Man Po / Van Nguyen, Kinh / Merati, Tuti Parwati / Sangle, Sashikala / Oon Tek, Ng /

Tanuma, Junko / Ditangco, Rossana / Sim, Benedict Lim Heng / Pujari, Sanjay / Jiamsakul, Awachana

Journal of medical virology

2022 Volume 94, Issue 11, Page(s) 5451–5464

Abstract: Liver disease is a growing burden among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in resource-limited settings. As an indicator of liver disease, risk factors of high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and cirrhosis were assessed among PLHIV in the TREAT Asia HIV ... ...

Abstract	Liver disease is a growing burden among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in resource-limited settings. As an indicator of liver disease, risk factors of high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and cirrhosis were assessed among PLHIV in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD). Patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) with a pre-cART ALT measurement and at least one follow-up ALT measurement were included. Factors associated with high ALT (ALT levels > 5 times its upper limit of normal) were analyzed using repeated measure logistic regression over a 10-year follow-up period. Liver cirrhosis was defined as having an AST to Platelet Ratio Index score > 1.5, fibrosis-4 score > 3.25, or a clinical diagnosis of cirrhosis. Cox regression analysis stratified by site was used to analyze factors associated with cirrhosis among those in follow-up after 2015. Of 5182 patients, 101 patients (1.9%) had high ALT levels with hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positive (odds ratio [OR]: 4.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.82-8.77, p < 0.001) and ever high alcohol consumption (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.00-5.46, p = 0.050) as likely factors. Among 6318 PLHIV in the liver cirrhosis analysis, 151 (2%) developed cirrhosis (incidence rate = 0.82 per 100 person-years). Those HCV-antibody positive (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.54, 95% CI: 3.75-8.18, p < 0.001) and had high alcohol consumption (HR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.23-3.45, p = 0.006) were associated with liver cirrhosis. HCV-antibody positive and high alcohol consumption are factors associated with high ALT. With raised ALT levels as a known factor associated with liver cirrhosis, greater efforts are required in managing ALT levels and reducing the risk of developing liver cirrhosis among those positive for HCV-antibody and those who consume alcohol.
MeSH term(s)	Alanine Transaminase ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C/complications ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Liver Cirrhosis/etiology ; Liver Diseases/complications
Chemical Substances	Alanine Transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.28019
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