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  1. Article ; Online: Sex Differences in the Expression of the α5 Subunit of the GABA

    Janeczek, Paulina / Colson, Natalie / Dodd, Peter R / Lewohl, Joanne M

    Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research

    2020  Volume 44, Issue 2, Page(s) 423–434

    Abstract: Background: Alcohol exposure alters the expression of a large number of genes, resulting in neuronal adaptions and neuronal loss, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. miRNAs are gene repressors that are abundant in the brain. A recent ... ...

    Abstract Background: Alcohol exposure alters the expression of a large number of genes, resulting in neuronal adaptions and neuronal loss, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. miRNAs are gene repressors that are abundant in the brain. A recent study identified ~ 35 miRNAs that are up-regulated in the prefrontal cortex of human alcoholics and predicted to target genes that are down-regulated in the same region. Although interactions between alcohol-responsive miRNAs and their target genes have been predicted, few studies have validated these predictions.
    Methods: We measured the expression of GABA
    Results: In both frontal and motor cortices, the expression of GABA
    Conclusion: There are sex differences in the expression of GABA
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Alcoholics ; Alcoholism/epidemiology ; Alcoholism/genetics ; Alcoholism/metabolism ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Gene Expression ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/epidemiology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/genetics ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Cortex/metabolism ; Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A/biosynthesis ; Receptors, GABA-A/genetics ; Sex Characteristics
    Chemical Substances GABRA5 protein, human ; Receptors, GABA-A
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 428999-7
    ISSN 1530-0277 ; 0145-6008
    ISSN (online) 1530-0277
    ISSN 0145-6008
    DOI 10.1111/acer.14266
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: New insights into Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: the involvement of neuroligins in synaptic malfunction.

    Sindi, Ikhlas A / Dodd, Peter R

    Neurodegenerative disease management

    2015  Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) 137–145

    Abstract: Synaptic damage is a key hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and the best correlate with cognitive decline ante mortem. Signature protein combinations arrayed at tightly apposed pre- and post-synaptic sites characterize different types of synapse. ... ...

    Abstract Synaptic damage is a key hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and the best correlate with cognitive decline ante mortem. Signature protein combinations arrayed at tightly apposed pre- and post-synaptic sites characterize different types of synapse. Neuroligins are postsynaptic cell adhesion molecules that interact with neurexins across the synaptic cleft. These pairings recruit receptors, channels and signal transduction molecules to the synapse, and help mediate trans-synaptic transmission. Dysfunction in the neuroligin family can disrupt neuronal networks and leads to neurodegeneration and other diseases. The extracellular domain of neuroligins is homologous with acetylcholinesterase but lacks residues required for enzymatic activity. This domain may interact pathogenically with β-amyloid. Here we summarize research over the last decade on the potential involvement of neuroligins in Alzheimer's disease.
    MeSH term(s) Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/metabolism ; Humans ; Synapses/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/physiology
    Chemical Substances Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1758-2032
    ISSN (online) 1758-2032
    DOI 10.2217/nmt.14.54
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Emerging roles for brain drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes in neuropsychiatric conditions and responses to drugs.

    Toselli, Francesca / Dodd, Peter R / Gillam, Elizabeth M J

    Drug metabolism reviews

    2016  Volume 48, Issue 3, Page(s) 379–404

    Abstract: P450s in the human brain were originally considered unlikely to contribute significantly to the clearance of drugs and other xenobiotic chemicals, since their overall expression was a small fraction of that found in the liver. However, it is now ... ...

    Abstract P450s in the human brain were originally considered unlikely to contribute significantly to the clearance of drugs and other xenobiotic chemicals, since their overall expression was a small fraction of that found in the liver. However, it is now recognized that P450s play substantial roles in the metabolism of both exogenous and endogenous chemicals in the brain, but in a highly cell type- and region-specific manner, in line with the greater functional heterogeneity of the brain compared to the liver. Studies of brain P450 expression and the characterization of the catalytic activity of specific forms expressed as recombinant enzymes have suggested possible roles for xenobiotic-metabolizing P450s in the brain. It is now possible to confirm these roles through the use of intracerebroventricular administration of selective P450 inhibitors in animal models, coupled with brain sampling techniques to measure drug concentrations in vivo, and modern neuroimaging techniques. The purpose of this review is to discuss the evidence behind the functional importance of P450s from the "xenobiotic-metabolizing" families, CYP1, CYP2 and CYP3 in the brain. Approaches used to define the quantitative and qualitative significance of these P450s in determining tissue-specific levels of xenobiotics in brain will be considered. Finally, the possible roles of these enzymes in brain biochemistry will be examined in light of the demonstrated activity of these enzymes in vitro and the association of particular P450 forms with disease states.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain/enzymology ; Brain/physiology ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Cytochrome P450 Family 1/metabolism ; Cytochrome P450 Family 1/physiology ; Cytochrome P450 Family 2/metabolism ; Cytochrome P450 Family 2/physiology ; Cytochrome P450 Family 3/metabolism ; Cytochrome P450 Family 3/physiology ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Mental Disorders/enzymology ; Mental Disorders/physiopathology ; Xenobiotics/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors ; Xenobiotics ; Cytochrome P450 Family 1 (EC 1.14.14.1) ; Cytochrome P450 Family 2 (EC 1.14.14.1) ; Cytochrome P450 Family 3 (EC 1.14.14.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 184967-0
    ISSN 1097-9883 ; 0360-2532 ; 0012-6594
    ISSN (online) 1097-9883
    ISSN 0360-2532 ; 0012-6594
    DOI 10.1080/03602532.2016.1221960
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Nucleic Acid-Based Theranostics for Tackling Alzheimer's Disease.

    Chakravarthy, Madhuri / Chen, Suxiang / Dodd, Peter R / Veedu, Rakesh N

    Theranostics

    2017  Volume 7, Issue 16, Page(s) 3933–3947

    Abstract: Nucleic acid-based technologies have received significant interest in recent years as novel theranostic strategies for various diseases. The approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of Nusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide drug, ...

    Abstract Nucleic acid-based technologies have received significant interest in recent years as novel theranostic strategies for various diseases. The approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of Nusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide drug, for the treatment of spinal muscular dystrophy highlights the potential of nucleic acids to treat neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive impairment of cognitive function and behavior. It is the most common form of dementia; it affects more than 20% of people over 65 years of age and leads to death 7-15 years after diagnosis. Intervention with novel agents addressing the underlying molecular causes is critical. Here we provide a comprehensive review on recent developments in nucleic acid-based theranostic strategies to diagnose and treat AD.
    MeSH term(s) Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Animals ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Nucleic Acids/therapeutic use ; Theranostic Nanomedicine ; tau Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Nucleic Acids ; tau Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-05
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2592097-2
    ISSN 1838-7640 ; 1838-7640
    ISSN (online) 1838-7640
    ISSN 1838-7640
    DOI 10.7150/thno.21529
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Multiple reaction monitoring for the detection of disease-related synaptic proteins.

    Chang, Rachel Yoon Kyung / Dodd, Peter R

    Neural regeneration research

    2015  Volume 9, Issue 23, Page(s) 2042–2043

    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-22
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2388460-5
    ISSN 1876-7958 ; 1673-5374
    ISSN (online) 1876-7958
    ISSN 1673-5374
    DOI 10.4103/1673-5374.147926
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Sex differences in GABA

    Ashton, Madeline K / Rueda, André V L / Ho, Ada M-C / Noor Aizin, Noradibah Arina Binte M / Sharma, Hansa / Dodd, Peter R / Stadlin, Alfreda / Camarini, Rosana

    Genes, brain, and behavior

    2022  Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) e12785

    Abstract: Male and female human subjects show contrasting propensities to misuse drugs of addiction, including alcohol. These differences lead to different psychological and neurological consequences, such as the likelihood of developing dependence. The pattern ... ...

    Abstract Male and female human subjects show contrasting propensities to misuse drugs of addiction, including alcohol. These differences lead to different psychological and neurological consequences, such as the likelihood of developing dependence. The pattern and extent of brain damage in alcohol-use disorder cases also varies with comorbid disease. To explore mechanisms that might underlie these outcomes, we used autopsy tissue to determine mRNA transcript expression in relation to genotype for two GABA
    MeSH term(s) Alcoholism/genetics ; Alcoholism/metabolism ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/genetics ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, GABA-A/genetics ; Sex Characteristics
    Chemical Substances Receptors, GABA-A
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2075819-4
    ISSN 1601-183X ; 1601-1848
    ISSN (online) 1601-183X
    ISSN 1601-1848
    DOI 10.1111/gbb.12785
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Electrically evoked synaptosomal amino acid transmitter release in human brain in alcohol misuse.

    Kuo, Sheng-Wen / Dodd, Peter R

    Neuro-Signals

    2011  Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) 117–127

    Abstract: Severe chronic alcohol misuse leads to neuropathological changes in human brain, with the greatest neuronal loss in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In this region, GABA(A) receptors are selectively upregulated, and show altered subunit expression ... ...

    Abstract Severe chronic alcohol misuse leads to neuropathological changes in human brain, with the greatest neuronal loss in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In this region, GABA(A) receptors are selectively upregulated, and show altered subunit expression profiles only in alcoholics without comorbid disease, whereas glutamate(NMDA) subunit expression profiles are selectively downregulated only in alcoholics with comorbid cirrhosis of the liver. To determine whether these outcomes might be conditional on synaptic transmitter levels, evoked release was studied in well-characterized synaptosome suspensions preloaded with L-[(3)H]glutamate and [(14)C]GABA and stimulated electrically (±10 V contiguous square waves, 0.4 ms, 100 Hz, 1.5 min) with and without Ca(2+). Stimulation elicited brief peaks of both radioisotopes that were larger in the presence of Ca(2+) ions (p < 0.01). A repeat stimulus evoked a second, smaller (p < 0.01) peak. Ca(2+)-dependent L-[(3)H]glutamate release, but not [(14)C]GABA release, was higher overall in alcoholics than in controls (p < 0.05). With comorbid cirrhosis, L-[(3)H]glutamate release showed a graded response, whereas [(14)C]GABA release was lowest in noncirrhotic alcoholics. Release patterns did not differ between cortical regions, or between males and females. Neither age nor postmortem interval was a significant confounder. The released transmitters may differentially alter receptor profiles on postsynaptic cells.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alcoholism/pathology ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Analysis of Variance ; Area Under Curve ; Biophysics ; Brain/pathology ; Brain/ultrastructure ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Carbon Isotopes/metabolism ; Electric Stimulation/methods ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isotopes/metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Factors ; Synaptosomes/drug effects ; Synaptosomes/metabolism ; Synaptosomes/radiation effects ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Amino Acids ; Carbon Isotopes ; Isotopes ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-08-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2074039-6
    ISSN 1424-8638 ; 1424-862X
    ISSN (online) 1424-8638
    ISSN 1424-862X
    DOI 10.1159/000326842
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Role for the neurexin-neuroligin complex in Alzheimer's disease.

    Sindi, Ikhlas A / Tannenberg, Rudolph K / Dodd, Peter R

    Neurobiology of aging

    2014  Volume 35, Issue 4, Page(s) 746–756

    Abstract: Synaptic damage is a critical hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and the best correlate with cognitive impairment ante mortem. Synapses, the loci of communication between neurons, are characterized by signature protein combinations arrayed at tightly ... ...

    Abstract Synaptic damage is a critical hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and the best correlate with cognitive impairment ante mortem. Synapses, the loci of communication between neurons, are characterized by signature protein combinations arrayed at tightly apposed pre- and post-synaptic sites. The most widely studied trans-synaptic junctional complexes, which direct synaptogenesis and foster the maintenance and stability of the mature terminal, are conjunctions of presynaptic neurexins and postsynaptic neuroligins. Fluctuations in the levels of neuroligins and neurexins can sway the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain, and could lead to damage of synapses and dendrites. This review summarizes current understanding of the roles of neurexins and neuroligins proteolytic processing in synaptic plasticity in the human brain, and outlines their possible roles in β-amyloid metabolism and function, which are central pathogenic events in Alzheimer's disease progression.
    MeSH term(s) Acetylcholinesterase/physiology ; Alternative Splicing/physiology ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Alzheimer Disease/psychology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/pathology ; Brain/physiopathology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal ; Cell Communication/genetics ; Cell Communication/physiology ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Learning ; Memory ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity/genetics ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology ; Neurons/pathology ; Neurons/physiology ; Synapses/genetics ; Synapses/pathology ; Synapses/physiology
    Chemical Substances Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal ; NRXN1 protein, human ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules ; neuroligin 1 ; Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604505-4
    ISSN 1558-1497 ; 0197-4580
    ISSN (online) 1558-1497
    ISSN 0197-4580
    DOI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.032
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Excited to death: different ways to lose your neurones.

    Dodd, Peter R

    Biogerontology

    2002  Volume 3, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 51–56

    Abstract: The selective loss of neurones in a range of neurodegenerative diseases is widely thought to involve the process of excitotoxicity, in which glutamate-mediated neuronal killing is elaborated through the excessive stimulation of cell-surface receptors. ... ...

    Abstract The selective loss of neurones in a range of neurodegenerative diseases is widely thought to involve the process of excitotoxicity, in which glutamate-mediated neuronal killing is elaborated through the excessive stimulation of cell-surface receptors. Every such disease exhibits a distinct regional and subregional pattern of neuronal loss, so processes must be locally triggered to different extents to account for this. We have studied several mechanisms which could lead to excitotoxic glutamate pathophysiology and compared them in different diseases. Our data suggest that glutamate can reach toxic extracellular levels in Alzheimer disease by malfunctions in cellular transporters, and that the toxicity may be exacerbated by continued glutamate release from presynaptic neurones acting on hypersensitive postsynaptic receptors. Thus the excitotoxicity is direct. In contrast, alcoholic brain damage arises in regions where GABA-mediated inhibition is deficient, and fails properly to dampen trans-synaptic excitation. Thus the excitotoxicity is indirect. A variety of such mechanisms is possible, which may combine in different ways.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Death ; Excitatory Amino Acids/physiology ; Humans ; Neurons/pathology
    Chemical Substances Excitatory Amino Acids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-05-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2047160-9
    ISSN 1389-5729
    ISSN 1389-5729
    DOI 10.1023/a:1015255312948
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: SWATH analysis of the synaptic proteome in Alzheimer's disease.

    Chang, Rachel Yoon Kyung / Etheridge, Naomi / Nouwens, Amanda S / Dodd, Peter R

    Neurochemistry international

    2015  Volume 87, Page(s) 1–12

    Abstract: Brain tissue from Alzheimer's disease patients exhibits synaptic degeneration in selected regions. Synaptic dysfunction occurs early in the disease and is a primary pathological target for treatment. The molecular mechanisms underlying this degeneration ... ...

    Abstract Brain tissue from Alzheimer's disease patients exhibits synaptic degeneration in selected regions. Synaptic dysfunction occurs early in the disease and is a primary pathological target for treatment. The molecular mechanisms underlying this degeneration remain unknown. Quantifying the synaptic proteome in autopsy brain and comparing tissue from Alzheimer's disease cases and subjects with normal aging are critical to understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with Alzheimer pathology. We isolated synaptosomes from hippocampus and motor cortex so as to reduce sample complexity relative to whole-tissue homogenates. Synaptosomal extracts were subjected to strong cation exchange (SCX) fractionation to further partition sample complexity; each fraction received SWATH-based information-dependent acquisition to generate a comprehensive peptide-ion library. The expression of synaptic proteins from AD hippocampus and motor cortex was then compared between groups. A total of 2077 unique proteins were identified at a critical local false discovery rate <5%. Thirty of these, including 17 novel proteins, exhibited significant expression differences between cases and controls; these proteins are involved in cellular functions including structural maintenance, signal transduction, autophagy, oxidative stress, and proteasome activity, or they have synaptic-vesicle related or energy-related functions. Differentially expressed proteins were subjected to pathway analysis to identify protein-protein interactions. This revealed that the most perturbed molecular and cellular functions were cellular assembly and organization. Core analysis revealed RhoA signaling to be the top canonical pathway. Network analysis showed that differentially expressed proteins were related to cellular assembly and organization, and cellular function and maintenance. This is the first study to combine SCX fractionation with SWATH analysis. SWATH is a promising new technique that can greatly enhance protein identification in any proteome, and has many other benefits; however, there are limitations yet to be resolved.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Proteome ; Synapses/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Proteome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 283190-9
    ISSN 1872-9754 ; 0197-0186
    ISSN (online) 1872-9754
    ISSN 0197-0186
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.04.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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