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Article: Weather and traffic accidents in the Czech Republic, 1979–2020

Brázdil, Rudolf / Chromá, Kateřina / Zahradníček, Pavel / Dobrovolný, Petr / Dolák, Lukáš

Theoretical and applied climatology. 2022 July, v. 149, no. 1-2

2022

Abstract: Police records, kept in the form of yearbooks, enabled analysis of the possible relationships between traffic accidents and the weather in the Czech Republic for the 1979–2020 period. These data were used to create annual series of traffic accidents in ... ...

Abstract	Police records, kept in the form of yearbooks, enabled analysis of the possible relationships between traffic accidents and the weather in the Czech Republic for the 1979–2020 period. These data were used to create annual series of traffic accidents in general, accidents with only material damage, numbers of people injured (seriously and slightly) and fatalities. Seven weather categories were used to characterise the weather at the time of an accident. The categories “rain”, “onset of rain and light rain”, “snowfall” and “glaze ice and rime” proved the most important, contributing to the highest numbers of accidents, fatalities and injured. Less important were “fog”, “gusty wind” and “other inclement weather”. The influence of the relative annual proportions of all weather categories on the numbers of all accident characteristics fluctuated generally between 10 and 30%. Annual numbers of accidents, fatalities and injured attributed to individual weather categories were statistically significant when correlated with series of annual numbers of days with fog, rain, snowfall, glaze ice and gusty wind. The closest relationship emerged for snowfall, with correlation coefficients between 0.76 and 0.94. The annual numbers of accidents, fatalities and injured attributed to several of the weather categories tended to decrease, especially in the two most recent decades. The discussion section concentrates on the broader context of the results obtained.
Keywords	accidents ; climatology ; ice ; police ; rain ; snow ; traffic ; wind ; Czech Republic
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-07
Size	p. 153-167.
Publishing place	Springer Vienna
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1463177-5
ISSN	1434-4483 ; 0177-798X
ISSN (online)	1434-4483
ISSN	0177-798X
DOI	10.1007/s00704-022-04042-3
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Online: CHILDA − Czech Historical Landslide Database

Bíl, Michal / Raška, Pavel / Dolák, Lukáš / Kubeček, Jan

eISSN: 1684-9981

2021

Abstract: National and regional historical landslide databases are increasingly viewed as providing empirical evidence for the geomorphic effects of ongoing environmental change and for supporting adaptive territorial planning. In this work, we present the design ... ...

Abstract	National and regional historical landslide databases are increasingly viewed as providing empirical evidence for the geomorphic effects of ongoing environmental change and for supporting adaptive territorial planning. In this work, we present the design and current content of the Czech Historical Landslide Database (CHILDA), the first of its kind for the territory of Czechia (the Czech Republic). We outline the CHILDA system, its functionality and technical solution. The database was established by merging and extending the fragmented regional datasets for highly landslide prone areas in Czechia. Currently, the database includes 699 records (619 landslides, 75 rockfalls, and 5 other movement types) encompassing the period from the oldest determined records (1132) up to 1989 which represents an important cultural, political and socioeconomic divide. Along with characterizing the content of the database, we discuss its further developments and applications.
Subject code	940
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-14
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: “Surely it will come again…”. Flood threat appraisal, mitigation strategies and protection motivation in Czech communities endangered by floods

Andráško Ivan / Dolák Klemešová Kamila / Dolák Lukáš / Trojan Jakub / Fiedor David

Moravian Geographical Reports, Vol 28, Iss 3, Pp 170-

2020 Volume 186

Abstract: A recent “shift” in flood risk management is associated with putting more emphasis on private mitigation and protection measures, and on shared responsibility. Based on case study research in the South Bohemian municipalities (Czech Republic) endangered ... ...

Abstract	A recent “shift” in flood risk management is associated with putting more emphasis on private mitigation and protection measures, and on shared responsibility. Based on case study research in the South Bohemian municipalities (Czech Republic) endangered by floods, this paper reports floods-related attitudes and actions of local inhabitants. A total of 305 respondents participated in a survey; responses and additional commentaries were examined through qualitative content analysis. Results show that though most of the local residents are aware of the constant threat, a minority of them take up any mitigation measures or have some strategy to handle a flood. Several cognitive biases and non-protective responses, the lack of interest and personal responsibility, perceived costs, as well as the prevailing low perceived importance of floods for the local quality of life, hamper improvements in general preparedness. From the viewpoint of Protection Motivation Theory, neither the locals’ threat appraisal nor their coping appraisal is high enough to sufficiently incentivise them to adopt private mitigation strategies and measures. Flood information seems to be at hand for local residents, who are, however, mostly not interested in using it. Perceived obscurities in handling the financial resources contribute to the prevailing unwillingness to participate financially in flood protection. Differences in perceptions and actions are associated with respondents’ individual characteristics (age, gender, level of education, previous experience with floods). Based on our findings, we discuss several relevant policy implications.
Keywords	floods ; perception ; private measures ; threat appraisal ; funding ; experience ; responsibility ; protection motivation theory ; south bohemia ; czech republic ; Geography (General) ; G1-922
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Sciendo
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A chronology of landsliding based on archaeological and documentary data: Pavlovské vrchy Hills, Western Carpathian Flysch Belt.

Bíl, Michal / Krejčí, Oldřich / Dolák, Lukáš / Krejčí, Vladimíra / Martínek, Jan / Svoboda, Jiří

Scientific reports

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 976

Abstract: Pavlovské vrchy Hills represent a distinctive elevation near the Czech-Austrian border where the active, dormant and relict landslides cover 12% of the area. Here we focused on the chronology of landsliding in this area using geological, archaeological ... ...

Abstract	Pavlovské vrchy Hills represent a distinctive elevation near the Czech-Austrian border where the active, dormant and relict landslides cover 12% of the area. Here we focused on the chronology of landsliding in this area using geological, archaeological and historical evidence. The earliest records of landsliding were determined in locations underlying the dated archaeological settlements. The Upper Paleolithic settlement complex dated between 37-24 ka cal BP, was originally deposited over these landslides. It was consequently destroyed in certain places by additional landslides preceding the last (Upper Pleniglacial) loess deposition (22 ka cal BP). These landslides took place before and after the Upper Paleolithic occupation of this area. This Pleistocene landslide event ranks among the oldest (albeit indirectly) dated landslide within the Czech part of the Western Carpathian Flysch Belt. The chronology of later, historical, landsliding was determined using written records (chronicles, official reports, archival evidence, etc.). Continuous records of landsliding were available as of the middle of the seventeenth century. The major concentration of landslides occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century (1910-1915). The 1663 landslide is currently the oldest landslide, in the Czech part of the Western Carpathian Flysch Belt, which was dated on the basis of documentary data.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-020-57551-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Potential of Documentary Evidence to Study Fatalities of Hydrological and Meteorological Events in the Czech Republic

Brázdil, Rudolf / Chromá, Kateřina / Dobrovolný, Petr / Dolák, Lukáš / Řehoř, Jan / Řezníčková, Ladislava / Zahradníček, Pavel

Water. 2019 Sept. 27, v. 11, no. 10

2019

Abstract: This paper presents the potential of documentary evidence for enhancing the study of fatalities taking place in the course of hydrological and meteorological events (HMEs). Chronicles, “books of memory”, weather diaries, newspapers (media), parliamentary ...

Abstract	This paper presents the potential of documentary evidence for enhancing the study of fatalities taking place in the course of hydrological and meteorological events (HMEs). Chronicles, “books of memory”, weather diaries, newspapers (media), parliamentary proposals, epigraphic evidence, systematic meteorological/hydrological observations, and professional papers provide a broad base for gathering such information in the Czech Republic, especially since 1901. The spatiotemporal variability of 269 fatalities in the Czech Republic arising out of 103 HMEs (flood, flash flood, windstorm, convective storm, lightning, frost, snow/glaze-ice calamity, heat, and other events) in the 1981–2018 period is presented, with particular attention to closer characterisation of fatalities (gender, age, cause of death, place, type of death, and behaviour). Examples of three outstanding events with the highest numbers of fatalities (severe frosts in the extremely cold winter of 1928/1929, a flash flood on 9 June 1970, and a rain flood in July 1997) are described in detail. Discussion of results includes the problem of data uncertainty, factors influencing the numbers of fatalities, and the broader context. Since floods are responsible for the highest proportion of HME-related deaths, places with fatalities are located mainly around rivers and drowning appears as the main cause of death. In the further classification of fatalities, males and adults clearly prevail, while indirect victims and hazardous behaviour are strongly represented.
Keywords	adults ; cold ; death ; floods ; frost ; heat ; lightning ; males ; rain ; rivers ; snow ; spatial variation ; storms ; temporal variation ; uncertainty ; winter ; Czech Republic
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0927
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2521238-2
ISSN	2073-4441
ISSN	2073-4441
DOI	10.3390/w11102014
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Spatiotemporal variability of tornadoes in the Czech Lands, 1801–2017

Brázdil, Rudolf / Chromá, Kateřina / Dolák, Lukáš / Kotyza, Oldřich / Řezníčková, Ladislava / Dobrovolný, Petr / Černoch, Zbyněk

Theoretical and applied climatology. 2019 May, v. 136, no. 3-4

2019

Abstract: Tornadoes are severe, small-scale weather phenomena that may cause loss of human lives and give rise to great material damage on a local (regional) scale. Because of their limited spatial extent, they are usually seldom recorded in the standard network ... ...

Abstract	Tornadoes are severe, small-scale weather phenomena that may cause loss of human lives and give rise to great material damage on a local (regional) scale. Because of their limited spatial extent, they are usually seldom recorded in the standard network of meteorological stations and corresponding information has therefore to be gathered from various documentary sources (narrative sources, taxation data, newspapers, special reports, etc.). Qualitative description of such events over the territory of the Czech Lands (recently, the Czech Republic) has facilitated the creation of a database of tornadoes and the classification of them as “proven” or “probable” for the 1801–2017 period. A total of 367 tornadoes and 299 days with tornado have been detected. The temporal distribution of tornadoes is very non-regular and reflects the availability of documentary sources inspected and general public interest in them. Decades in which their frequency was highest were found in 2001–2010, 1931–1940 and 1921–1930. They occurred mainly in the summer months (70.3%) with a July maximum (28.1%). Moderate tornadoes (F1 on the Fujita scale) were the most frequent (41.7%). Uprooted fruit trees and damage to hop gardens and vineyards, together with considerable damage to structures or buildings destroyed, constituted the most common types of damage. At least 17 people were killed and more than 127 people injured during the 367 documented tornadoes. Seventeen tornadoes with F2–F3 and seven with F3 are listed and briefly characterised. Three F3 events from 11 May 1910, 20 April 1950 and 9 June 2004 are described in more detail. Results related to the spatiotemporal variability of tornadoes in the Czech Lands are further discussed from the viewpoint of data uncertainty and the broader European context.
Keywords	buildings ; databases ; fruit trees ; gardens ; humans ; mortality ; people ; spatial variation ; summer ; temporal variation ; tornadoes ; uncertainty ; vineyards ; Czech Republic
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-05
Size	p. 1233-1248.
Publishing place	Springer Vienna
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1463177-5
ISSN	1434-4483 ; 0177-798X
ISSN (online)	1434-4483
ISSN	0177-798X
DOI	10.1007/s00704-018-2553-y
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Online: Fatalities associated with the severe weather conditions in the Czech Republic, 2000–2019

Brázdil, Rudolf / Chromá, Kateřina / Dolák, Lukáš / Řehoř, Jan / Řezníčková, Ladislava / Zahradníček, Pavel / Dobrovolný, Petr

eISSN: 1684-9981

2021

Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of fatalities attributable to weather conditions in the Czech Republic during the 2000–2019 period. The database of fatalities deployed contains information extracted from Právo , a leading daily newspaper, and Novinky.cz , ...

Abstract	This paper presents an analysis of fatalities attributable to weather conditions in the Czech Republic during the 2000–2019 period. The database of fatalities deployed contains information extracted from Právo , a leading daily newspaper, and Novinky.cz , its internet equivalent, supplemented by a number of other documentary sources. The analysis is performed for floods, windstorms, convective storms, rain, snow, glaze ice, frost, heat, and fog. For each of them, the associated fatalities are investigated in terms of annual frequencies, trends, annual variation, spatial distribution, cause, type, place, and time as well as the sex, age, and behaviour of casualties. There were 1164 weather-related fatalities during the 2000–2019 study period, exhibiting a statistically significant falling trend. Those attributable to frost (31 %) predominated, followed by glaze ice, rain, and snow. Fatalities were at their maximum in January and December and at their minimum in April and September. Fatalities arising out of vehicle accidents (48 %) predominated in terms of structure, followed by freezing or hypothermia (30 %). Most deaths occurred during the night. Adults (65 %) and males (72 %) accounted for the majority of fatalities, while indirect fatalities were more frequent than direct ones (55 % to 45 %). Hazardous behaviour accounted for 76 %. According to the database of the Czech Statistical Office, deaths caused by exposure to excessive natural cold are markedly predominant among five selected groups of weather-related fatalities, and their numbers exhibit a statistically significant rise during 2000–2019. Police yearbooks of the fatalities arising out of vehicle accidents indicate significantly decreasing trends in the frequency of inclement weather patterns associated with fatal accidents as well as a decrease in their percentage in annual numbers of fatalities. The discussion of results includes the problems of data uncertainty, comparison of different data sources, and the broader context.
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-04
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Meteorological and climatological triggers of past and present bark beetle outbreaks in the Czech Republic

Brázdil, Rudolf / Zahradník, Petr / Szabó, Péter / Chromá, Kateřina / Dobrovolný, Petr / Dolák, Lukáš / Trnka, Miroslav / Řehoř, Jan / Suchánková, Silvie

eISSN: 1814-9332

2022

Abstract: Based on documentary evidence, a chronology of bark beetle outbreaks in the Czech Republic from 1781 to 1963 CE was created, continuing from 1964 through 2021 by bark beetle salvage felling data. The spatial distribution of bark beetle events ... ...

Abstract	Based on documentary evidence, a chronology of bark beetle outbreaks in the Czech Republic from 1781 to 1963 CE was created, continuing from 1964 through 2021 by bark beetle salvage felling data. The spatial distribution of bark beetle events concentrates on the border mountains of Bohemia and in the northern parts of Moravia and Silesia. The temporal distribution of the most important bark beetle outbreaks concentrates in the 1830s, 1870s, 1940s–1950s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s. Each of these calamities was analysed in detail with respect to their spatial extent, the volume of damaged wood, and their meteorological patterns. While meteorological triggers of the largest outbreaks of the 19th century were attributed especially to the slow procession of disastrous volumes of damaged wood after large windstorm events sometimes intensified by dying trees in subsequent dry years, the recent warming moves the main meteorological and climatological triggers to more frequent warm and dry meteorological patterns from the 1980s, sometimes enhanced by uprooted and broken trees after heavy windstorms. The last bark beetle outbreak from 2015 was evaluated as the most disastrous disturbance to spruce forest over the territory of the Czech Republic in documented history. The paper also discusses uncertainties in bark beetle data, responses to past bark beetle events, and relationships between environment, climate, and bark beetle outbreaks.
Subject code	940
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-13
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Climatic effects and impacts of the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in the Czech Lands

Brázdil, Rudolf / Řezníčková, Ladislava / Valášek, Hubert / Dolák, Lukáš / Kotyza, Oldřich

eISSN: 1814-9332

2018

Abstract: The eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia in 1815 was one of the most powerful of its kind in recorded history. This contribution addresses climatic responses to it, the post-eruption weather, and its impacts on human life in the Czech Lands. The ... ...

Abstract	The eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia in 1815 was one of the most powerful of its kind in recorded history. This contribution addresses climatic responses to it, the post-eruption weather, and its impacts on human life in the Czech Lands. The climatic effects are evaluated in terms of air temperature and precipitation on the basis of long-term homogenised series from the Prague-Klementinum and Brno meteorological stations, and mean Czech series in the short term (1810–1820) and long term (1800–2010). This analysis is complemented by other climatic and environmental data derived from rich documentary evidence. Czech documentary sources make no direct mention of the Tambora eruption, neither do they relate any particular weather phenomena to it, but they record an extremely wet summer for 1815 and an extremely cold summer for 1816 (the "Year Without a Summer") that contributed to bad grain harvests and widespread grain price increases in 1817. Possible reasons for the cold summers in the first decade of the 19th century reflected in the contemporary press included comets, sunspot activity, long-term cooling and finally – as late as 1817 – earthquakes with volcanic eruptions.
Subject code	940
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-27
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Hydrological and meteorological extremes derived from taxation records: the estates of Brtnice, Třebíč and Velké Meziříčí, 1706–1849

Dolák, Lukáš / Brázdil, Rudolf / Valášek, Hubert

Hydrological sciences journal =. 2013 Nov. 1, v. 58, no. 8

2013

Abstract: This paper addresses the hydrological and meteorological extremes that may be deduced from the taxation records of the estates of Brtnice, Třebíč and Velké Meziříčí, all in the Moravian-Bohemian Highlands of the Czech Republic, for the years 1706–1849. ... ...

Abstract	This paper addresses the hydrological and meteorological extremes that may be deduced from the taxation records of the estates of Brtnice, Třebíč and Velké Meziříčí, all in the Moravian-Bohemian Highlands of the Czech Republic, for the years 1706–1849. At that time, damage to agricultural crops constituted grounds for tax remission for individual farmers and landowners. Where it survives, the relevant administrative documentation generally includes a statement from the applicant, a report by the official commission tasked with checking the contents of it, and any decisions made by taxation authorities at regional and “land” level (the Jihlava regional office and the Moravian Land Administration (“ Gubernium ”) respectively). Data extracted may include the type of event, dating, places of occurrence and damage done. The chronology of hydrological and meteorological extremes (torrential rain, flash flood, flood, hailstorm, lightning, frost) covers the period 1706–1849, but only four events are evident before 1748 and there is a gap in records between 1757 and 1789. Extremes are analysed from a spatio-temporal point of view. A total of 97 extreme events (171 extremes of particular type) were identified for the region studied. Torrential rain, hailstorm and flash flood were the major devastating phenomena, and occurred mainly from May to August. Torrential rain and hailstorm are clearly attributable to thunderstorms with very intense convection. Five outstanding events and their impacts upon individual farmers are described in detail. The results are discussed with respect to uncertainties in the basic data and in the context of the Czech Lands, because only some of the extremes disclosed are known and confirmed by other documentary data. Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz Citation Dolák, L., Brázdil, R., and Valášek, H., 2013. Hydrological and meteorological extremes derived from taxation records: the estates of Brtnice, Třebíč and Velké Meziříčí, 1706–1849. Hydrological Sciences Journal , 58 (8), 1620–1634.
Keywords	crops ; farmers ; frost ; highlands ; hydrology ; landowners ; lightning ; rain ; taxes ; Czech Republic
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-1101
Size	p. 1620-1634.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ISSN	2150-3435
DOI	10.1080/02626667.2013.840727
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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