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  1. Book ; Online: Does Sparsity Help in Learning Misspecified Linear Bandits?

    Dong, Jialin / Yang, Lin F.

    2023  

    Abstract: Recently, the study of linear misspecified bandits has generated intriguing implications of the hardness of learning in bandits and reinforcement learning (RL). In particular, Du et al. (2020) show that even if a learner is given linear features in $\ ... ...

    Abstract Recently, the study of linear misspecified bandits has generated intriguing implications of the hardness of learning in bandits and reinforcement learning (RL). In particular, Du et al. (2020) show that even if a learner is given linear features in $\mathbb{R}^d$ that approximate the rewards in a bandit or RL with a uniform error of $\varepsilon$, searching for an $O(\varepsilon)$-optimal action requires pulling at least $\Omega(\exp(d))$ queries. Furthermore, Lattimore et al. (2020) show that a degraded $O(\varepsilon\sqrt{d})$-optimal solution can be learned within $\operatorname{poly}(d/\varepsilon)$ queries. Yet it is unknown whether a structural assumption on the ground-truth parameter, such as sparsity, could break the $\varepsilon\sqrt{d}$ barrier. In this paper, we address this question by showing that algorithms can obtain $O(\varepsilon)$-optimal actions by querying $O(\varepsilon^{-s}d^s)$ actions, where $s$ is the sparsity parameter, removing the $\exp(d)$-dependence. We then establish information-theoretical lower bounds, i.e., $\Omega(\exp(s))$, to show that our upper bound on sample complexity is nearly tight if one demands an error $ O(s^{\delta}\varepsilon)$ for $0<\delta<1$. For $\delta\geq 1$, we further show that $\operatorname{poly}(s/\varepsilon)$ queries are possible when the linear features are "good" and even in general settings. These results provide a nearly complete picture of how sparsity can help in misspecified bandit learning and provide a deeper understanding of when linear features are "useful" for bandit and reinforcement learning with misspecification.
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
    Subject code 519
    Publishing date 2023-03-29
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Book ; Online: Analyzing the Impact of Tax Credits on Households in Simulated Economic Systems with Learning Agents

    Dong, Jialin / Dwarakanath, Kshama / Vyetrenko, Svitlana

    2023  

    Abstract: In economic modeling, there has been an increasing investigation into multi-agent simulators. Nevertheless, state-of-the-art studies establish the model based on reinforcement learning (RL) exclusively for specific agent categories, e.g., households, ... ...

    Abstract In economic modeling, there has been an increasing investigation into multi-agent simulators. Nevertheless, state-of-the-art studies establish the model based on reinforcement learning (RL) exclusively for specific agent categories, e.g., households, firms, or the government. It lacks concerns over the resulting adaptation of other pivotal agents, thereby disregarding the complex interactions within a real-world economic system. Furthermore, we pay attention to the vital role of the government policy in distributing tax credits. Instead of uniform distribution considered in state-of-the-art, it requires a well-designed strategy to reduce disparities among households and improve social welfare. To address these limitations, we propose an expansive multi-agent economic model comprising reinforcement learning agents of numerous types. Additionally, our research comprehensively explores the impact of tax credit allocation on household behavior and captures the spectrum of spending patterns that can be observed across diverse households. Further, we propose an innovative government policy to distribute tax credits, strategically leveraging insights from tax credit spending patterns. Simulation results illustrate the efficacy of the proposed government strategy in ameliorating inequalities across households.
    Keywords Computer Science - Multiagent Systems ; Economics - General Economics
    Subject code 336
    Publishing date 2023-11-28
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: The changes of IgE levels in type 2 inflammatory diseases after treatment of dupilumab: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Zhou, Boyang / Dong, Jialin / Liang, Surong / Shang, Shuai / Li, Linfeng

    Expert review of clinical pharmacology

    2022  Volume 15, Issue 10, Page(s) 1233–1242

    Abstract: Background: Dupilumab is approved for multiple type 2 inflammatory diseases. In the treatment procedure, the changes of IgE levels need further analysis. We evaluated the changes of IgE levels through meta-analysis, aiming to provide a more ... ...

    Abstract Background: Dupilumab is approved for multiple type 2 inflammatory diseases. In the treatment procedure, the changes of IgE levels need further analysis. We evaluated the changes of IgE levels through meta-analysis, aiming to provide a more comprehensive result.
    Research design and methods: Databases were searched to select eligible publications. After being included, study quality was assessed. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was used as an evaluation.
    Results: Seven studies were included. At week 4, the level of IgE did not decrease significantly, with SMD = -0.12 (95%CI: -0.31, 0.07) (
    Conclusions: Levels of IgE can be significantly decreased in patients with dupilumab treatment. In AD patients, the efficacy was related to total dose; for patients with high IgE levels, efficacy may be better with the dose increased.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Immunoglobulin E ; Treatment Outcome ; Severity of Illness Index
    Chemical Substances dupilumab (420K487FSG) ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ISSN 1751-2441
    ISSN (online) 1751-2441
    DOI 10.1080/17512433.2022.2120469
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Medical Care at California Wildfire Incident Base Camps.

    Backer, Howard D / Wright, Charles / Dong, Jialin / Baba, Nathaniel / McFadden, Honda / Rosen, Brett

    Disaster medicine and public health preparedness

    2021  Volume 17, Page(s) e61

    Abstract: Objective: The California Emergency Medical Services Authority manages and deploys California Medical Assistance Teams (CAL-MAT) to disaster medical incidents in the state. This analysis reviews diagnoses for ambulatory medical visits at multiple ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The California Emergency Medical Services Authority manages and deploys California Medical Assistance Teams (CAL-MAT) to disaster medical incidents in the state. This analysis reviews diagnoses for ambulatory medical visits at multiple wildland fire incident base camp field sites in California during the 2020 fire season.
    Methods: Clinical data without personal health information were extracted retrospectively from patient care records from all patients seen by a provider. Results were entered into Excel spreadsheets with calculation of summary statistics.
    Results: During the 2020 fire season, CAL-MAT teams deployed 21 times for a total of 327 days to base camps supporting large fire incidents and cared for 1756 patients. Impacts of heat and environmental smoke are a constant factor near wildfires; however, our most common medical problem was rhus dermatitis (54.5%) due to poison oak. All 2020 medical missions were further complicated by prevention and management of coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
    Conclusions: There is very little literature regarding the acute medical needs facing responders fighting wildland fires. Ninety-five percent of clinical conditions presenting to a field medical team at the wildfire incident base camp during a severe fire season in California can be managed by small teams operating in field tents.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Wildfires ; Smoke/analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Fires ; Patient Care ; California/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Smoke
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2375268-3
    ISSN 1938-744X ; 1935-7893
    ISSN (online) 1938-744X
    ISSN 1935-7893
    DOI 10.1017/dmp.2021.321
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Neutral Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Butyl Carbitol, and Organic Corrosion Inhibitors in Aqueous Film-Forming Foams: Implications for Vapor Intrusion and the Environment.

    Titaley, Ivan A / Khattak, Jared / Dong, Jialin / Olivares, Christopher I / DiGuiseppi, Bill / Lutes, Christopher C / Field, Jennifer A

    Environmental science & technology

    2022  Volume 56, Issue 15, Page(s) 10785–10797

    Abstract: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), butyl carbitol, and corrosion inhibitors are components of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs). Volatile (neutral) fluorotelomerization (FT)- and electrochemical fluorination (ECF)-based PFAS, butyl carbitol, ... ...

    Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), butyl carbitol, and corrosion inhibitors are components of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs). Volatile (neutral) fluorotelomerization (FT)- and electrochemical fluorination (ECF)-based PFAS, butyl carbitol, and organic corrosion inhibitors were quantified in 39 military specification (MilSpec), non-MilSpec, and alcohol resistant-AFFF concentrates (undiluted) from 1974 to 2010. Fluorotelomer alcohols were found only in FT-based AFFFs and
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols ; Corrosion ; Ethylene Glycols ; Fluorocarbons/analysis ; Gases ; Groundwater ; Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
    Chemical Substances Aerosols ; Ethylene Glycols ; Fluorocarbons ; Gases ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; butyl carbitol (9TB90IYC0E)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1520-5851
    ISSN (online) 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021/acs.est.2c02349
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Book ; Online: Global Neighbor Sampling for Mixed CPU-GPU Training on Giant Graphs

    Dong, Jialin / Zheng, Da / Yang, Lin F. / Karypis, Geroge

    2021  

    Abstract: Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for learning from graph data and are widely used in various applications such as social network recommendation, fraud detection, and graph search. The graphs in these applications are typically large, ... ...

    Abstract Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for learning from graph data and are widely used in various applications such as social network recommendation, fraud detection, and graph search. The graphs in these applications are typically large, usually containing hundreds of millions of nodes. Training GNN models on such large graphs efficiently remains a big challenge. Despite a number of sampling-based methods have been proposed to enable mini-batch training on large graphs, these methods have not been proved to work on truly industry-scale graphs, which require GPUs or mixed-CPU-GPU training. The state-of-the-art sampling-based methods are usually not optimized for these real-world hardware setups, in which data movement between CPUs and GPUs is a bottleneck. To address this issue, we propose Global Neighborhood Sampling that aims at training GNNs on giant graphs specifically for mixed-CPU-GPU training. The algorithm samples a global cache of nodes periodically for all mini-batches and stores them in GPUs. This global cache allows in-GPU importance sampling of mini-batches, which drastically reduces the number of nodes in a mini-batch, especially in the input layer, to reduce data copy between CPU and GPU and mini-batch computation without compromising the training convergence rate or model accuracy. We provide a highly efficient implementation of this method and show that our implementation outperforms an efficient node-wise neighbor sampling baseline by a factor of 2X-4X on giant graphs. It outperforms an efficient implementation of LADIES with small layers by a factor of 2X-14X while achieving much higher accuracy than LADIES.We also theoretically analyze the proposed algorithm and show that with cached node data of a proper size, it enjoys a comparable convergence rate as the underlying node-wise sampling method.

    Comment: The paper is published in KDD 2021
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Distributed ; Parallel ; and Cluster Computing
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2021-06-10
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Neutral Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Butyl Carbitol, and Organic Corrosion Inhibitors in Aqueous Film-Forming Foams: Implications for Vapor Intrusion and the Environment

    Titaley, Ivan A. / Khattak, Jared / Dong, Jialin / Olivares, Christopher I. / DiGuiseppi, Bill / Lutes, Christopher C. / Field, Jennifer A.

    Environmental science & technology. 2022 July 19, v. 56, no. 15

    2022  

    Abstract: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), butyl carbitol, and corrosion inhibitors are components of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs). Volatile (neutral) fluorotelomerization (FT)- and electrochemical fluorination (ECF)-based PFAS, butyl carbitol, ... ...

    Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), butyl carbitol, and corrosion inhibitors are components of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs). Volatile (neutral) fluorotelomerization (FT)- and electrochemical fluorination (ECF)-based PFAS, butyl carbitol, and organic corrosion inhibitors were quantified in 39 military specification (MilSpec), non-MilSpec, and alcohol resistant-AFFF concentrates (undiluted) from 1974 to 2010. Fluorotelomer alcohols were found only in FT-based AFFFs and N-methyl- and N-ethyl-perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides, and sulfonamido ethanols were found only in ECF-based AFFFs. Neutral PFAS and benzotriazole, 4-methylbenzotriazole, and 5-methybenzotriazole occurred at mg/L levels in the AFFFs, while butyl carbitol occurred at g/L levels. Neutral PFAS concentrations in indoor air due to vapor intrusion of a nearby undiluted AFFF release are estimated to be anywhere from 2 to >10 orders of magnitude higher than documented background indoor air concentrations. Estimated butyl carbitol and organic corrosion inhibitor concentrations were lower than and comparable to indoor concentrations recently measured, respectively. The wide range of neutral PFAS concentrations and Henry’s law constants indicate that field, soil-gas measurements are needed to validate the estimations. Co-discharged butyl carbitol likely contributes to oxygen depletion in AFFF-impacted aquifers and may hinder the natural PFAS aerobic biotransformation. Organic corrosion inhibitors in AFFFs indicate that these are another source of corrosion inhibitors in the environment.
    Keywords air ; alcohols ; biotransformation ; corrosion ; electrochemistry ; environmental science ; oxygen ; technology ; triazoles ; vapors
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0719
    Size p. 10785-10797.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021/acs.est.2c02349
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Remodeling of the tumor microenvironment using an engineered oncolytic vaccinia virus improves PD-L1 inhibition outcomes.

    Lou, Jiaying / Dong, Jialin / Xu, Ruijun / Zeng, Hui / Fang, Lijuan / Wu, Yi / Liu, Yang / Wang, Shibing

    Bioscience reports

    2021  Volume 41, Issue 6

    Abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapies have vastly improved therapeutic outcomes for patients with certain cancer types, but these responses only manifest in a small percentage of all cancer patients. The goal of the present study was to ... ...

    Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapies have vastly improved therapeutic outcomes for patients with certain cancer types, but these responses only manifest in a small percentage of all cancer patients. The goal of the present study was to improve checkpoint therapy efficacy by utilizing an engineered vaccinia virus to improve the trafficking of lymphocytes to the tumor, given that such lymphocyte trafficking is positively correlated with patient checkpoint inhibitor response rates. We developed an oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) platform expressing manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) for use as both a monotherapy and together with anti-PD-L1. Intratumoral OVV-MnSOD injection in immunocompetent mice resulted in inflammation within poorly immunogenic tumors, thereby facilitating marked tumor regression. OVV-MnSOD administration together with anti-PD-L1 further improved antitumor therapy outcomes in models in which these monotherapy approaches were ineffective. Overall, our results emphasize the value of further studying these therapeutic approaches in patients with minimally or non-inflammatory tumors.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors ; B7-H1 Antigen/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/enzymology ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/virology ; Lymphoma/enzymology ; Lymphoma/immunology ; Lymphoma/therapy ; Lymphoma/virology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oncolytic Virotherapy ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism ; Tumor Burden ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; Vaccinia virus/enzymology ; Vaccinia virus/genetics ; Vaccinia virus/pathogenicity ; Mice
    Chemical Substances B7-H1 Antigen ; Cd274 protein, mouse ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Superoxide Dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 764946-0
    ISSN 1573-4935 ; 0144-8463
    ISSN (online) 1573-4935
    ISSN 0144-8463
    DOI 10.1042/BSR20204186
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Procyanidin B2 protects against d-galactose-induced mimetic aging in mice: Metabolites and microbiome analysis.

    Xiao, Ying / Dong, Jialin / Yin, Zhiting / Wu, Qiguo / Zhou, Yiming / Zhou, Xiaoli

    Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

    2018  Volume 119, Page(s) 141–149

    Abstract: To elucidate the possible mechanisms for the preventive effect of procyanidin B2 on aging, a combined analysis of metabolic profile and gut microbiome was carried out in the present study. The mimetic aged mice induced by d-galactose injection (500 mg/kg, ...

    Abstract To elucidate the possible mechanisms for the preventive effect of procyanidin B2 on aging, a combined analysis of metabolic profile and gut microbiome was carried out in the present study. The mimetic aged mice induced by d-galactose injection (500 mg/kg, sc daily), and the preventive group was fed with the diet plus 0.2% procyanidin B2. After 7 weeks of treatment, the spatial memory was assayed using the Morris water maze test. Procyanidin B2 significantly ameliorated the impaired memory and antioxidant abilities induced by d-galactose. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis of plasma based on LC/Q-TOF-MS demonstrated that phosphatidyl cholines, oleic acid, linoleic acid, carnitine, pantothenic acid, and taurocholic acid were significantly increased in the mice treated with procyanidin B2, and pyruvic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, hippuric acid, and cholic acid were decreased significantly. Together, gut microbiome analysis using Illumina sequencing showed that there were significant differences in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and abundance of Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, and Bifidobacterium between the aging and supplemental procyanidin B2 groups. In summary, procyanidin B2 possessed potential prevention of the cognitive and oxidative impairment via the metabolic pathway regulation related to citrate cycle, fatty acid, and bile acid in the aged mice, accompanied by remodeling the gut flora.
    MeSH term(s) Aging/drug effects ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biflavonoids/pharmacology ; Biomarkers ; Catechin/pharmacology ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Galactose/toxicity ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Mice ; Proanthocyanidins/pharmacology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Biflavonoids ; Biomarkers ; Proanthocyanidins ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; procyanidin B2 (29106-49-8) ; Catechin (8R1V1STN48) ; Galactose (X2RN3Q8DNE)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 782617-5
    ISSN 1873-6351 ; 0278-6915
    ISSN (online) 1873-6351
    ISSN 0278-6915
    DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.017
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: In vitro fermentation of oat β‐glucan and hydrolysates by fecal microbiota and selected probiotic strains

    Dong, Ji‐lin / Xiao Yu / Liang‐er Dong / Rui‐ling Shen

    Journal of the science of food and agriculture. 2017 Sept., v. 97, no. 12

    2017  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggested that the prebiotic ability of β‐glucan was intimately related to its molecular weight (Mw). However, the effect of oat β‐glucan with differing Mw on gut homeostasis was inconsistent. Importantly, knowledge of ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggested that the prebiotic ability of β‐glucan was intimately related to its molecular weight (Mw). However, the effect of oat β‐glucan with differing Mw on gut homeostasis was inconsistent. Importantly, knowledge of the fermentation properties of oat β‐glucan fractions was still limited. The present study aimed to evaluate the prebiotic potential of raw and hydrolyzed oat β‐glucan during in vitro fermentation by fecal microbiota and selected probiotic strains. RESULTS: The results obtained showed that both oat β‐glucan (OG) and hydrolysates (OGH) comparably promoted the growth of fecal Lactobacillus counts (P < 0.05). Importantly, OGH revealed greater fermentability compared to OG as denoted by lower pH value and higher short‐chain fatty acid concentration (P < 0.05). Moreover, OGH was found to be more favorable to provide growth substrates for Lactobacillus helveticus R389 (LR389), Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 (LGG) and Bifidobacterium longum BB536 (BB536) than OG, and was preferentially utilized by LR389, LGG and BB536 as the sole carbon source. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that oat β‐glucan hydrolysates could serve as a more promising material for developing novel symbiotic foods. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
    Keywords Bifidobacterium longum ; Lactobacillus helveticus ; Lactobacillus rhamnosus ; beta-glucans ; carbon ; digestive system ; fatty acid composition ; fermentation ; foods ; homeostasis ; hydrolysates ; hydrolysis ; intestinal microorganisms ; molecular weight ; oats ; pH ; prebiotics ; probiotics ; short chain fatty acids
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-09
    Size p. 4198-4203.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 184116-6
    ISSN 1097-0010 ; 0022-5142
    ISSN (online) 1097-0010
    ISSN 0022-5142
    DOI 10.1002/jsfa.8292
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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