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  1. Article ; Online: Demystifying Microglia: And Now the Work Begins.

    Dorman, Leah C / Molofsky, Anna V

    Immunity

    2019  Volume 50, Issue 1, Page(s) 11–13

    Abstract: Microglia actively shape the developing brain, but their transcriptional diversity is not well understood. Complementary studies by Hammond et al. (2018) and Li et al. (2019) characterize the microglial transcriptome at single cell resolution, ... ...

    Abstract Microglia actively shape the developing brain, but their transcriptional diversity is not well understood. Complementary studies by Hammond et al. (2018) and Li et al. (2019) characterize the microglial transcriptome at single cell resolution, highlighting their diversity during development, aging, and pathology.
    MeSH term(s) Brain ; Microglia ; Myeloid Cells ; RNA ; Sequence Analysis, RNA
    Chemical Substances RNA (63231-63-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1217235-2
    ISSN 1097-4180 ; 1074-7613
    ISSN (online) 1097-4180
    ISSN 1074-7613
    DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.025
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: In situ and transcriptomic identification of microglia in synapse-rich regions of the developing zebrafish brain.

    Silva, Nicholas J / Dorman, Leah C / Vainchtein, Ilia D / Horneck, Nadine C / Molofsky, Anna V

    Nature communications

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 5916

    Abstract: Microglia are brain resident macrophages that play vital roles in central nervous system (CNS) development, homeostasis, and pathology. Microglia both remodel synapses and engulf apoptotic cell corpses during development, but whether unique molecular ... ...

    Abstract Microglia are brain resident macrophages that play vital roles in central nervous system (CNS) development, homeostasis, and pathology. Microglia both remodel synapses and engulf apoptotic cell corpses during development, but whether unique molecular programs regulate these distinct phagocytic functions is unknown. Here we identify a molecularly distinct microglial subset in the synapse rich regions of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain. We found that ramified microglia increased in synaptic regions of the midbrain and hindbrain between 7 and 28 days post fertilization. In contrast, microglia in the optic tectum were ameboid and clustered around neurogenic zones. Using single-cell mRNA sequencing combined with metadata from regional bulk sequencing, we identified synaptic-region associated microglia (SAMs) that were highly enriched in the hindbrain and expressed multiple candidate synapse modulating genes, including genes in the complement pathway. In contrast, neurogenic associated microglia (NAMs) were enriched in the optic tectum, had active cathepsin activity, and preferentially engulfed neuronal corpses. These data reveal that molecularly distinct phagocytic programs mediate synaptic remodeling and cell engulfment, and establish the zebrafish hindbrain as a model for investigating microglial-synapse interactions.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/immunology ; Cathepsin B/genetics ; Cathepsin B/immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Reporter ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Mesencephalon/cytology ; Mesencephalon/growth & development ; Mesencephalon/immunology ; Microglia/cytology ; Microglia/immunology ; Neurogenesis/genetics ; Neurogenesis/immunology ; Neurons/cytology ; Neurons/immunology ; Phagocytosis ; Rhombencephalon/cytology ; Rhombencephalon/growth & development ; Rhombencephalon/immunology ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Superior Colliculi/cytology ; Superior Colliculi/growth & development ; Superior Colliculi/immunology ; Synapses/immunology ; Synapses/metabolism ; Synapses/ultrastructure ; Transcriptome ; Zebrafish ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ; Zebrafish Proteins ; enhanced green fluorescent protein ; invariant chain ; Green Fluorescent Proteins (147336-22-9) ; Cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-021-26206-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells promote inhibitory synapse development and social behavior.

    Barron, Jerika J / Mroz, Nicholas M / Taloma, Sunrae E / Dahlgren, Madelene W / Ortiz-Carpena, Jorge / Dorman, Leah C / Vainchtein, Ilia D / Escoubas, Caroline C / Molofsky, Ari B / Molofsky, Anna V

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: The innate immune system plays essential roles in brain synaptic development, and immune dysregulation is implicated in neurodevelopmental diseases. Here we show that a subset of innate lymphocytes (group 2 innate lymphoid cells, ILC2s) is required for ... ...

    Abstract The innate immune system plays essential roles in brain synaptic development, and immune dysregulation is implicated in neurodevelopmental diseases. Here we show that a subset of innate lymphocytes (group 2 innate lymphoid cells, ILC2s) is required for cortical inhibitory synapse maturation and adult social behavior. ILC2s expanded in the developing meninges and produced a surge of their canonical cytokine Interleukin-13 (IL-13) between postnatal days 5-15. Loss of ILC2s decreased cortical inhibitory synapse numbers in the postnatal period where as ILC2 transplant was sufficient to increase inhibitory synapse numbers. Deletion of the IL-4/IL-13 receptor (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.03.16.532850
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Microglial pattern recognition via IL-33 promotes synaptic refinement in developing corticothalamic circuits in mice.

    Han, Rafael T / Vainchtein, Ilia D / Schlachetzki, Johannes C M / Cho, Frances S / Dorman, Leah C / Ahn, Eunji / Kim, Dong Kyu / Barron, Jerika J / Nakao-Inoue, Hiromi / Molofsky, Ari B / Glass, Christopher K / Paz, Jeanne T / Molofsky, Anna V

    The Journal of experimental medicine

    2022  Volume 220, Issue 2

    Abstract: Microglia are critical regulators of brain development that engulf synaptic proteins during postnatal synapse remodeling. However, the mechanisms through which microglia sense the brain environment are not well defined. Here, we characterized the ... ...

    Abstract Microglia are critical regulators of brain development that engulf synaptic proteins during postnatal synapse remodeling. However, the mechanisms through which microglia sense the brain environment are not well defined. Here, we characterized the regulatory program downstream of interleukin-33 (IL-33), a cytokine that promotes microglial synapse remodeling. Exposing the developing brain to a supraphysiological dose of IL-33 altered the microglial enhancer landscape and increased binding of stimulus-dependent transcription factors including AP-1/FOS. This induced a gene expression program enriched for the expression of pattern recognition receptors, including the scavenger receptor MARCO. CNS-specific deletion of IL-33 led to increased excitatory/inhibitory synaptic balance, spontaneous absence-like epileptiform activity in juvenile mice, and increased seizure susceptibility in response to chemoconvulsants. We found that MARCO promoted synapse engulfment, and Marco-deficient animals had excess thalamic excitatory synapses and increased seizure susceptibility. Taken together, these data define coordinated epigenetic and functional changes in microglia and uncover pattern recognition receptors as potential regulators of postnatal synaptic refinement.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Microglia/metabolism ; Interleukin-33/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Seizures/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL
    Chemical Substances Interleukin-33
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 218343-2
    ISSN 1540-9538 ; 0022-1007
    ISSN (online) 1540-9538
    ISSN 0022-1007
    DOI 10.1084/jem.20220605
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Single-cell and spatial multi-omics highlight effects of anti-integrin therapy across cellular compartments in ulcerative colitis.

    Mennillo, Elvira / Kim, Yang Joon / Lee, Gyehyun / Rusu, Iulia / Patel, Ravi K / Dorman, Leah C / Flynn, Emily / Li, Stephanie / Bain, Jared L / Andersen, Christopher / Rao, Arjun / Tamaki, Stanley / Tsui, Jessica / Shen, Alan / Lotstein, Madison L / Rahim, Maha / Naser, Mohammad / Bernard-Vazquez, Faviola / Eckalbar, Walter /
    Cho, Soo-Jin / Beck, Kendall / El-Nachef, Najwa / Lewin, Sara / Selvig, Daniel R / Terdiman, Jonathan P / Mahadevan, Uma / Oh, David Y / Fragiadakis, Gabriela K / Pisco, Angela / Combes, Alexis J / Kattah, Michael G

    Nature communications

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 1493

    Abstract: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is driven by immune and stromal subsets, culminating in epithelial injury. Vedolizumab (VDZ) is an anti-integrin antibody that is effective for treating UC. VDZ is known to inhibit lymphocyte trafficking to the intestine, but its ... ...

    Abstract Ulcerative colitis (UC) is driven by immune and stromal subsets, culminating in epithelial injury. Vedolizumab (VDZ) is an anti-integrin antibody that is effective for treating UC. VDZ is known to inhibit lymphocyte trafficking to the intestine, but its broader effects on other cell subsets are less defined. To identify the inflammatory cells that contribute to colitis and are affected by VDZ, we perform single-cell transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of peripheral blood and colonic biopsies in healthy controls and patients with UC on VDZ or other therapies. Here we show that VDZ treatment is associated with alterations in circulating and tissue mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) subsets, along with modest shifts in lymphocytes. Spatial multi-omics of formalin-fixed biopsies demonstrates trends towards increased abundance and proximity of MNP and fibroblast subsets in active colitis. Spatial transcriptomics of archived specimens pre-treatment identifies epithelial-, MNP-, and fibroblast-enriched genes related to VDZ responsiveness, highlighting important roles for these subsets in UC.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy ; Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics ; Integrins/genetics ; Multiomics ; Proteomics ; Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Retrospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Integrins ; Gastrointestinal Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-024-45665-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Single-cell and spatial multi-omics highlight effects of anti-integrin therapy across cellular compartments in ulcerative colitis.

    Mennillo, Elvira / Kim, Yang Joon / Lee, Gyehyun / Rusu, Iulia / Patel, Ravi K / Dorman, Leah C / Flynn, Emily / Li, Stephanie / Bain, Jared L / Andersen, Christopher / Rao, Arjun / Tamaki, Stanley / Tsui, Jessica / Shen, Alan / Lotstein, Madison L / Rahim, Maha / Naser, Mohammad / Bernard-Vazquez, Faviola / Eckalbar, Walter /
    Cho, Soo-Jin / Beck, Kendall / El-Nachef, Najwa / Lewin, Sara / Selvig, Daniel R / Terdiman, Jonathan P / Mahadevan, Uma / Oh, David Y / Fragiadakis, Gabriela K / Pisco, Angela / Combes, Alexis J / Kattah, Michael G

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is driven by immune and stromal subsets, culminating in epithelial injury. Vedolizumab (VDZ) is an anti-integrin antibody that is effective for treating UC. VDZ is known to inhibit lymphocyte trafficking to the intestine, but its ... ...

    Abstract Ulcerative colitis (UC) is driven by immune and stromal subsets, culminating in epithelial injury. Vedolizumab (VDZ) is an anti-integrin antibody that is effective for treating UC. VDZ is known to inhibit lymphocyte trafficking to the intestine, but its broader effects on other cell subsets are less defined. To identify the inflammatory cells that contribute to colitis and are affected by VDZ, we performed single-cell transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of peripheral blood and colonic biopsies in healthy controls and patients with UC on VDZ or other therapies. Here we show that VDZ treatment is associated with alterations in circulating and tissue mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) subsets, along with modest shifts in lymphocytes. Spatial multi-omics of formalin-fixed biopsies demonstrates trends towards increased abundance and proximity of MNP and fibroblast subsets in active colitis. Spatial transcriptomics of archived specimens pre-treatment identifies epithelial-, MNP-, and fibroblast-enriched genes related to VDZ responsiveness, highlighting important roles for these subsets in UC.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.01.21.525036
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Type-I-interferon-responsive microglia shape cortical development and behavior.

    Escoubas, Caroline C / Dorman, Leah C / Nguyen, Phi T / Lagares-Linares, Christian / Nakajo, Haruna / Anderson, Sarah R / Barron, Jerika J / Wade, Sarah D / Cuevas, Beatriz / Vainchtein, Ilia D / Silva, Nicholas J / Guajardo, Ricardo / Xiao, Yinghong / Lidsky, Peter V / Wang, Ellen Y / Rivera, Brianna M / Taloma, Sunrae E / Kim, Dong Kyu / Kaminskaya, Elizaveta /
    Nakao-Inoue, Hiromi / Schwer, Bjoern / Arnold, Thomas D / Molofsky, Ari B / Condello, Carlo / Andino, Raul / Nowakowski, Tomasz J / Molofsky, Anna V

    Cell

    2024  Volume 187, Issue 8, Page(s) 1936–1954.e24

    Abstract: Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that shape neural circuit development and are implicated in neurodevelopmental diseases. Multiple microglial transcriptional states have been defined, but their functional significance is unclear. Here, we ... ...

    Abstract Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that shape neural circuit development and are implicated in neurodevelopmental diseases. Multiple microglial transcriptional states have been defined, but their functional significance is unclear. Here, we identify a type I interferon (IFN-I)-responsive microglial state in the developing somatosensory cortex (postnatal day 5) that is actively engulfing whole neurons. This population expands during cortical remodeling induced by partial whisker deprivation. Global or microglial-specific loss of the IFN-I receptor resulted in microglia with phagolysosomal dysfunction and an accumulation of neurons with nuclear DNA damage. IFN-I gain of function increased neuronal engulfment by microglia in both mouse and zebrafish and restricted the accumulation of DNA-damaged neurons. Finally, IFN-I deficiency resulted in excess cortical excitatory neurons and tactile hypersensitivity. These data define a role for neuron-engulfing microglia during a critical window of brain development and reveal homeostatic functions of a canonical antiviral signaling pathway in the brain.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Interferon Type I/metabolism ; Microglia/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Zebrafish ; Brain/cytology ; Brain/growth & development
    Chemical Substances Interferon Type I
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.020
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Type I interferon responsive microglia shape cortical development and behavior.

    Escoubas, Caroline C / Dorman, Leah C / Nguyen, Phi T / Lagares-Linares, Christian / Nakajo, Haruna / Anderson, Sarah R / Cuevas, Beatriz / Vainchtein, Ilia D / Silva, Nicholas J / Xiao, Yinghong / Lidsky, Peter V / Wang, Ellen Y / Taloma, Sunrae E / Nakao-Inoue, Hiromi / Schwer, Bjoern / Andino, Raul / Nowakowski, Tomasz J / Molofsky, Anna V

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Microglia are brain resident phagocytes that can engulf synaptic components and extracellular matrix as well as whole neurons. However, whether there are unique molecular mechanisms that regulate these distinct phagocytic states is unknown. Here we ... ...

    Abstract Microglia are brain resident phagocytes that can engulf synaptic components and extracellular matrix as well as whole neurons. However, whether there are unique molecular mechanisms that regulate these distinct phagocytic states is unknown. Here we define a molecularly distinct microglial subset whose function is to engulf neurons in the developing brain. We transcriptomically identified a cluster of Type I interferon (IFN-I) responsive microglia that expanded 20-fold in the postnatal day 5 somatosensory cortex after partial whisker deprivation, a stressor that accelerates neural circuit remodeling.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2021.04.29.441889
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Microglial Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix Promotes Synapse Plasticity.

    Nguyen, Phi T / Dorman, Leah C / Pan, Simon / Vainchtein, Ilia D / Han, Rafael T / Nakao-Inoue, Hiromi / Taloma, Sunrae E / Barron, Jerika J / Molofsky, Ari B / Kheirbek, Mazen A / Molofsky, Anna V

    Cell

    2020  Volume 182, Issue 2, Page(s) 388–403.e15

    Abstract: Synapse remodeling is essential to encode experiences into neuronal circuits. Here, we define a molecular interaction between neurons and microglia that drives experience-dependent synapse remodeling in the hippocampus. We find that the cytokine ... ...

    Abstract Synapse remodeling is essential to encode experiences into neuronal circuits. Here, we define a molecular interaction between neurons and microglia that drives experience-dependent synapse remodeling in the hippocampus. We find that the cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33) is expressed by adult hippocampal neurons in an experience-dependent manner and defines a neuronal subset primed for synaptic plasticity. Loss of neuronal IL-33 or the microglial IL-33 receptor leads to impaired spine plasticity, reduced newborn neuron integration, and diminished precision of remote fear memories. Memory precision and neuronal IL-33 are decreased in aged mice, and IL-33 gain of function mitigates age-related decreases in spine plasticity. We find that neuronal IL-33 instructs microglial engulfment of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and that its loss leads to impaired ECM engulfment and a concomitant accumulation of ECM proteins in contact with synapses. These data define a cellular mechanism through which microglia regulate experience-dependent synapse remodeling and promote memory consolidation.
    MeSH term(s) Aging ; Animals ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Fear ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein/genetics ; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein/metabolism ; Interleukin-33/genetics ; Interleukin-33/metabolism ; Memory ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microglia/physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein ; Interleukin-33
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.050
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Microglial Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix Promotes Synapse Plasticity

    Nguyen, Phi T / Dorman, Leah C / Pan, Simon / Vainchtein, Ilia D / Han, Rafael T / Nakao-Inoue, Hiromi / Taloma, Sunrae E / Barron, Jerika J / Molofsky, Ari B / Kheirbek, Mazen A / Molofsky, Anna V

    Cell. 2020 July 23, v. 182, no. 2

    2020  

    Abstract: Synapse remodeling is essential to encode experiences into neuronal circuits. Here, we define a molecular interaction between neurons and microglia that drives experience-dependent synapse remodeling in the hippocampus. We find that the cytokine ... ...

    Abstract Synapse remodeling is essential to encode experiences into neuronal circuits. Here, we define a molecular interaction between neurons and microglia that drives experience-dependent synapse remodeling in the hippocampus. We find that the cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33) is expressed by adult hippocampal neurons in an experience-dependent manner and defines a neuronal subset primed for synaptic plasticity. Loss of neuronal IL-33 or the microglial IL-33 receptor leads to impaired spine plasticity, reduced newborn neuron integration, and diminished precision of remote fear memories. Memory precision and neuronal IL-33 are decreased in aged mice, and IL-33 gain of function mitigates age-related decreases in spine plasticity. We find that neuronal IL-33 instructs microglial engulfment of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and that its loss leads to impaired ECM engulfment and a concomitant accumulation of ECM proteins in contact with synapses. These data define a cellular mechanism through which microglia regulate experience-dependent synapse remodeling and promote memory consolidation.
    Keywords adults ; cytokines ; extracellular matrix ; fearfulness ; gain-of-function mutation ; hippocampus ; memory ; mice ; neonates ; neuroglia ; neurons ; neuroplasticity ; plasticity ; proteins ; synapse
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0723
    Size p. 388-403.e15.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.050
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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