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Article ; Online: Airway Epithelial-Derived Immune Mediators in COVID-19.

Guo, Tony J F / Singhera, Gurpreet K / Leung, Janice M / Dorscheid, Delbert R

2023 Volume 15, Issue 8

Abstract: The airway epithelium, which lines the conducting airways, is central to the defense of the lungs against inhaled particulate matter and pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Recognition of pathogens results in the activation of ... ...

Abstract	The airway epithelium, which lines the conducting airways, is central to the defense of the lungs against inhaled particulate matter and pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Recognition of pathogens results in the activation of an innate and intermediate immune response which involves the release of cytokines and chemokines by the airway epithelium. This response can inhibit further viral invasion and influence adaptive immunity. However, severe COVID-19 is characterized by a hyper-inflammatory response which can give rise to clinical presentations including lung injury and lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, viral pneumonia, coagulopathy, and multi-system organ failure. In response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, the airway epithelium can mount a maladaptive immune response which can delay viral clearance, perpetuate excessive inflammation, and contribute to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. In this article, we will review the barrier and immune functions of the airway epithelium, how SARS-CoV-2 can interact with the epithelium, and epithelial-derived cytokines and chemokines and their roles in COVID-19 and as biomarkers. Finally, we will discuss these immune mediators and their potential as therapeutic targets in COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Immunologic Factors ; Cytokines ; Pneumonia, Viral
Chemical Substances	Immunologic Factors ; Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15081655
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Article ; Online: Various factors affect lipopolysaccharide sensitization in cell cultures.

Yang, Nan / Sin, Don D / Dorscheid, Delbert R

BioTechniques

2020 Volume 69, Issue 2, Page(s) 126–132

Abstract: Commercially available lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is commonly used in research. Although protocols for its use are well established, we experienced a loss of LPS responsiveness in our cell cultures despite no obvious experimental changes. Our cell lines ... ...

Abstract	Commercially available lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is commonly used in research. Although protocols for its use are well established, we experienced a loss of LPS responsiveness in our cell cultures despite no obvious experimental changes. Our cell lines were stimulated with LPS and the media quantified for LPS responsiveness via an IL-8 ELISA. We discovered that the major cause of signal loss was differences in fetal bovine serum (FBS) formulation and concentration. One FBS formulation was notably better at eliciting an IL-8 signal than the second FBS, and 10% FBS in media was better at inducing LPS responsiveness than lower concentrations. We urge researchers to be aware of inherent variations in seemingly commonplace reagents as they may be unexpected sources of inconsistencies.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Culture Media/pharmacology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-8/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	CXCL8 protein, human ; Culture Media ; Interleukin-8 ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Serum Albumin, Bovine (27432CM55Q)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	48453-2
ISSN	1940-9818 ; 0736-6205
ISSN (online)	1940-9818
ISSN	0736-6205
DOI	10.2144/btn-2020-0043
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Zs.A 2435: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Guidance for Administering Biologics for Severe Asthma and Allergic Conditions.

Dorscheid, Delbert R / Lee, Jason K / Ramesh, Warren / Greenwald, Mark / Del Carpio, Jaime

Canadian respiratory journal

2022 Volume 2022, Page(s) 9355606

Abstract: Asthma is a common respiratory disorder in Canada for which biologics may be prescribed for poorly controlled illness. Treatment with biologics, however, is sometimes inappropriately discontinued due to misconceptions regarding their potential ... ...

Abstract	Asthma is a common respiratory disorder in Canada for which biologics may be prescribed for poorly controlled illness. Treatment with biologics, however, is sometimes inappropriately discontinued due to misconceptions regarding their potential immunologic effects, and concerns surrounding their continued use in severe asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic continue to propagate. Biologics can still be administered in a majority of health and treatment conditions. With regard to cardiac-related issues such as hypertension or cardiovascular disease (CVD), there is no solid evidence that suggests biologics should be withheld, as the benefits of treatment outweigh the risks. Asthmatic patients on biologic treatment should also continue treatment if they have, or are currently being treated for, a respiratory infection, including COVID-19. Evidence also indicates the importance of maintaining asthma control to reduce the risk of severe COVID-19 infection. Biologic treatment can be administered in severe asthmatic patients with bronchiectasis, though further evidence is needed to better understand the benefits. Biologic treatment should be continued postsurgery to reduce postoperative respiratory complications, as well as throughout the course of pregnancy. Regarding concerns over vaccine administration, nearly all vaccines can be given without interruption of biologic treatment in patients with severe asthma or allergic conditions. Appropriate screening for respiratory illnesses, such as COVID-19, continues to be warranted in clinical practices to reduce the risk of transmission. As recommendations from public health and regulatory agencies have been lacking, this guidance document addresses the administration of biologics in different health circumstances and respiratory illness screening during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Asthma/drug therapy ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Biological Products/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pregnancy ; Public Health
Chemical Substances	Biological Products
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-10
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1213103-9
ISSN	1916-7245 ; 1198-2241
ISSN (online)	1916-7245
ISSN	1198-2241
DOI	10.1155/2022/9355606
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Article ; Online: Structural and functional variations in human bronchial epithelial cells cultured in air-liquid interface using different growth media.

Leung, Clarus / Wadsworth, Samuel J / Yang, S Jasemine / Dorscheid, Delbert R

American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology

2020 Volume 318, Issue 5, Page(s) L1063–L1073

Abstract: The human bronchial epithelium is an important barrier tissue that is damaged or pathologically altered in various acute and chronic respiratory conditions. To represent the epithelial component of respiratory disease, it is essential to use a ... ...

Abstract	The human bronchial epithelium is an important barrier tissue that is damaged or pathologically altered in various acute and chronic respiratory conditions. To represent the epithelial component of respiratory disease, it is essential to use a physiologically relevant model of this tissue. The human bronchial epithelium is a highly organized tissue consisting of a number of specialized cell types. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) can be differentiated into a mucociliated tissue in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures using appropriately supplemented media under optimized growth conditions. We compared the histology, ciliary length, and function, diffusion, and barrier properties of HBEC from donors with no respiratory disease grown in two different media, PneumaCult-ALI or Bronchial Epithelial Differentiation Medium (BEDM). In the former group, HBEC have a more physiological pseudostratified morphology and mucociliary differentiation, including increased epithelial thickness, intracellular expression of airway-specific mucin protein MUC5AC, and total expression of cilia basal-body protein compared with cells from the same donor grown in the other medium. Baseline expression levels of inflammatory mediators, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), soluble ST2, and eotaxin-3 were lower in PneumaCult-ALI. Additionally, the physiological cilia beat frequency and electrical barrier properties with transepithelial electrical resistance were significantly different between the two groups. Our study has shown that these primary cell cultures from the same donor grown in the two media possess variable structural and functional characteristics. Therefore, it is important to objectively validate primary epithelial cell cultures before experimentation to ensure they are appropriate to answer a specific scientific question.
MeSH term(s)	Air ; Bronchi/cytology ; Bronchi/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Chemokine CCL26/genetics ; Chemokine CCL26/metabolism ; Cilia/drug effects ; Cilia/metabolism ; Culture Media/chemistry ; Culture Media/pharmacology ; Cytokines/genetics ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Epithelial Cells/drug effects ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein/genetics ; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Mucin 5AC/genetics ; Mucin 5AC/metabolism ; Primary Cell Culture ; Respiratory Mucosa/cytology ; Respiratory Mucosa/drug effects ; Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism
Chemical Substances	CCL26 protein, human ; Chemokine CCL26 ; Culture Media ; Cytokines ; IL1RL1 protein, human ; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein ; MUC5AC protein, human ; Mucin 5AC ; TSLP protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1013184-x
ISSN	1522-1504 ; 1040-0605
ISSN (online)	1522-1504
ISSN	1040-0605
DOI	10.1152/ajplung.00190.2019
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Uc I Zs.89: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.A 2749: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Olodaterol exerts anti-inflammatory effects on COPD airway epithelial cells.

Yang, Nan / Singhera, Gurpreet K / Yan, Yi Xuan / Pieper, Michael P / Leung, Janice M / Sin, Don D / Dorscheid, Delbert R

Respiratory research

2021 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 65

Abstract: Background: Airway inflammation is a key feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) remain the main treatment for airway inflammation. Studies have noted the increased efficacy of ICS and long-acting beta 2 ...

Abstract	Background: Airway inflammation is a key feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) remain the main treatment for airway inflammation. Studies have noted the increased efficacy of ICS and long-acting beta 2 agonist (LABA) combination therapy in controlling exacerbations and improving airway inflammation than either monotherapy. Further studies have suggested that LABAs may have inherent anti-inflammatory potential, but this has not been well-studied. Objective: We hypothesize that the LABA olodaterol can inhibit airway inflammation resulting from exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) via its binding receptor, the β2-adrenergic receptor. Methods: Human bronchial epithelial brushing from patients with and without COPD were cultured into air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures and treated with or without olodaterol and RSV infection to examine the effect on markers of inflammation including interleukin-8 (IL-8) and mucus secretion. The cell line NCI-H292 was utilized for gene silencing of the β2-adrenergic receptor via siRNA as well as receptor blocking via ICI 118,551 and butaxamine. Results: At baseline, COPD-ALIs produced greater amounts of IL-8 than control ALIs. Olodaterol reduced RSV-mediated IL-8 secretion in both COPD and control ALIs and also significantly reduced Muc5AC staining in COPD-ALIs infected with RSV. A non-significant reduction was seen in control ALIs. Gene silencing of the β2-adrenergic receptor in NCI-H292 negated the ability of olodaterol to inhibit IL-8 secretion from both RSV infection and lipopolysaccharide stimulus, as did blocking of the receptor with ICI 118,551 and butaxamine. Conclusions: Olodaterol exhibits inherent anti-inflammatory properties on the airway epithelium, in addition to its bronchodilation properties, that is mediated through the β2-adrenergic receptor and independent of ICS usage.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Inhalation ; Aged ; Benzoxazines/administration & dosage ; Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Inflammation/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology ; Respiratory Mucosa/drug effects ; Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism ; Respiratory Mucosa/pathology
Chemical Substances	Benzoxazines ; Bronchodilator Agents ; olodaterol (VD2YSN1AFD)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041675-1
ISSN	1465-993X ; 1465-9921
ISSN (online)	1465-993X
ISSN	1465-9921
DOI	10.1186/s12931-021-01659-2
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Article ; Online: Expression of surfactant protein D in airways of asthmatics and interleukin-13 modulation of surfactant protein D in human models of airway epithelium.

Xu, Jie / Singhera, Gurpreet K / Dorscheid, Delbert R

Respiratory research

2015 Volume 16, Page(s) 26

Abstract: Background: Surfactant protein D (SP-D), a pattern recognition molecule, has been shown to play roles in host defense such as opsonisation, aggregation of pathogens, and modulation of the inflammatory response. In light of infection-induced ... ...

Abstract	Background: Surfactant protein D (SP-D), a pattern recognition molecule, has been shown to play roles in host defense such as opsonisation, aggregation of pathogens, and modulation of the inflammatory response. In light of infection-induced exacerbations and damage to the airway epithelium from inflammation, these functions of SP-D make it relevant in the development and pathogenesis of asthma. Methods: Expression of SP-D was examined in human airway sections and primary airway epithelial cells (AEC) grown in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures and comparisons were made between those from asthmatic and non-asthmatic donors. ALI cultures of AEC from non-asthmatic donors were examined for SP-D, Mucin 5AC, and cytokeratin-5 expression at different stages of differentiation. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) treatment of airway epithelium and its effect on SP-D expression was studied using ALI and monolayer cultures of primary AEC from non-asthmatic and asthmatic donors. Results: Airway epithelium of asthmatics, compared to that of non-asthmatics, expressed increased levels of SP-D as demonstrated in airway tissue sections (fraction of epithelium 0.66 ± 0.026 vs. 0.50 ± 0.043, p = 0.004) and ALI cultures (fraction of epithelium 0.50 ± 0.08 vs. 0.25 ± 0.07). SP-D expression decreased as ALI cultures differentiated from 7 days to 21 days (fraction of epithelium 0.62 ± 0.04 to 0.23 ± 0.03, p = 0.004). Treatment with IL-13 decreased SP-D expression in both ALI cultures (fraction of epithelium 0.21 ± 0.06 vs. 0.62 ± 0.04, p = 0.0005) and monolayer cultures (protein expression fold change 0.62 ± 0.05) of non-asthmatic AEC; however, IL-13 had no significant effect on SP-D expression in monolayer cultures of asthmatic AEC. Experiments with non-asthmatic monolayer cultures indicate IL-13 exert its effect on SP-D through the IL-13 receptor alpha1 and transcription factor STAT6. Conclusions: SP-D is expressed differently in airways of asthmatics relative to that of non-asthmatics. This can have implications on the increased susceptibility to infections and altered inflammatory response in asthmatic patients. Future functional studies on the role of SP-D in asthma can provide better insight into defects in the structure and regulation of SP-D.
MeSH term(s)	Airway Remodeling/drug effects ; Asthma/metabolism ; Blood-Air Barrier/drug effects ; Blood-Air Barrier/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells/drug effects ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-13/pharmacology ; Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit/agonists ; Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit/metabolism ; Lung/drug effects ; Lung/metabolism ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D/genetics ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; STAT6 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Time Factors ; Up-Regulation
Chemical Substances	IL13RA1 protein, human ; Interleukin-13 ; Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D ; Recombinant Proteins ; STAT6 Transcription Factor ; STAT6 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041675-1
ISSN	1465-993X ; 1465-9921
ISSN (online)	1465-993X
ISSN	1465-9921
DOI	10.1186/s12931-015-0177-7
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Article ; Online: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): is it time to supplement asthma therapy?

Macredmond, Ruth / Dorscheid, Delbert R

Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics

2011 Volume 24, Issue 5, Page(s) 540–548

Abstract: The limitations and side effects of existing asthma therapies prompt interest in complementary and alternative therapies. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are a family of natural fatty acids found primarily in beef and dairy products. These molecules have ...

Abstract	The limitations and side effects of existing asthma therapies prompt interest in complementary and alternative therapies. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are a family of natural fatty acids found primarily in beef and dairy products. These molecules have a variety of biological properties which suggest potential benefit in asthma, including effects on energy regulation, lipid metabolism, inflammation and immune function. Here we review the evidence for these effects from pre-clinical and clinical studies, their significance in the context of human asthma, and discuss the potential role for CLA supplementation in asthma management.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents/adverse effects ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dietary Supplements ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Humans ; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/administration & dosage ; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1399707-5
ISSN	1522-9629 ; 1094-5539
ISSN (online)	1522-9629
ISSN	1094-5539
DOI	10.1016/j.pupt.2011.03.005
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Zs.A 2389: Show issues

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Article ; Online: ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19.

Leung, Janice M / Yang, Chen X / Tam, Anthony / Shaipanich, Tawimas / Hackett, Tillie-Louise / Singhera, Gurpreet K / Dorscheid, Delbert R / Sin, Don D

The European respiratory journal

2020 Volume 55, Issue 5

MeSH term(s)	Acute Lung Injury/complications ; Acute Lung Injury/metabolism ; Adult ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; COVID-19 ; Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/metabolism ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lung/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/metabolism ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism ; RNA-Seq ; Reproducibility of Results ; Respiratory System/metabolism ; Smokers ; Smoking/genetics ; Smoking/metabolism ; Smoking Cessation ; Up-Regulation
Chemical Substances	Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	639359-7
ISSN	1399-3003 ; 0903-1936
ISSN (online)	1399-3003
ISSN	0903-1936
DOI	10.1183/13993003.00688-2020
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Zs.A 2322: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: IL-13 signaling through IL-13 receptor α2 mediates airway epithelial wound repair.

Yang, S Jasemine / Allahverdian, Sima / Saunders, Angela D R / Liu, Emily / Dorscheid, Delbert R

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

2018 Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 3746–3757

Abstract: Asthma is an airway inflammatory disease characterized by epithelial barrier dysfunction and airway remodeling. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a pleiotropic cytokine shown to contribute to features of airway remodeling. We have previously demonstrated that IL- ...

Abstract	Asthma is an airway inflammatory disease characterized by epithelial barrier dysfunction and airway remodeling. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a pleiotropic cytokine shown to contribute to features of airway remodeling. We have previously demonstrated that IL-13 is an important mediator of normal airway epithelial repair and health. The role of IL-13 signaling via its receptor subunits (IL-13Rα1/IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα2) in airway epithelial repair and restoration of intact barrier function is not well understood and was investigated in this study using in vitro models. The blocking of IL-13 signaling via IL-13Rα2 significantly reduced airway epithelial repair by 24 h post-mechanical wounding in 1HAEo
MeSH term(s)	Airway Remodeling/physiology ; Asthma/metabolism ; Asthma/pathology ; Cell Line ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/physiology ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Epithelium/pathology ; ErbB Receptors/metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-13/metabolism ; Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit/metabolism ; Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha2 Subunit/metabolism ; Lung/metabolism ; Lung/physiology ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Wound Healing/physiology
Chemical Substances	IL13 protein, human ; Interleukin-13 ; Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit ; Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha2 Subunit ; ErbB Receptors (EC 2.7.10.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639186-2
ISSN	1530-6860 ; 0892-6638
ISSN (online)	1530-6860
ISSN	0892-6638
DOI	10.1096/fj.201801285R
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Zs.A 2266: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Hedgehog Signaling as a Therapeutic Target for Airway Remodeling and Inflammation in Allergic Asthma.

Tam, Anthony / Osei, Emmanuel Twumasi / Cheung, Chung Y / Hughes, Michael / Yang, Chen X / McNagny, Kelly M / Dorscheid, Delbert R / Singhera, Gurpreet K / Hallstrand, Teal S / Warner, Stephanie / Hogg, James C / Hackett, Tillie L / Lim, Chinten J / Sin, Don D

Cells

2022 Volume 11, Issue 19

Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that variants of patched homolog 1 ( ...

Abstract	Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that variants of patched homolog 1 (
MeSH term(s)	Airway Remodeling ; Animals ; Asthma ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Ligands ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Patched-1 Receptor/genetics ; Patched-1 Receptor/metabolism ; Phosphates ; Pyroglyphidae ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism ; Zinc Finger Protein GLI1/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Hedgehog Proteins ; Ligands ; Patched-1 Receptor ; Phosphates ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Zinc Finger Protein GLI1 ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (EC 3.4.24.24)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells11193016
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