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  1. Article ; Online: Temperature response and brine availability to heated boreholes in bedded salt

    Eric J. Guiltinan / Kristopher L. Kuhlman / Jonny Rutqvist / Mengsu Hu / Hakim Boukhalfa / Melissa Mills / Shawn Otto / Douglas J. Weaver / Brian Dozier / Philip H. Stauffer

    Vadose Zone Journal, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp n/a-n/a (2020)

    2020  

    Abstract: Abstract There is a growing need for disposal of high‐level nuclear waste. To reduce uncertainty associated with brine availability to repository excavations in salt formations, a collaboration between Sandia, Los Alamos, and Lawrence Berkeley National ... ...

    Abstract Abstract There is a growing need for disposal of high‐level nuclear waste. To reduce uncertainty associated with brine availability to repository excavations in salt formations, a collaboration between Sandia, Los Alamos, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories is performing a series of borehole‐scale coupled process tests. Here, we report on the first round of the Brine Availability Test in Salt (BATS) project, a “shakedown” experiment called Phase 1s. Experimental testing included placing a resistive heater, a 260‐W radiative heater, and a 750‐W radiative heater within previously drilled horizontal boreholes at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) while monitoring temperature and water inflow. The experiments successfully achieved the targeted temperature of 120 °C when using the 750‐W radiative heater. Simulations using FEHM (Finite Element Heat and Mass transfer code) and TOUGH‐FLAC (Transport Of Unsaturated Groundwater and Heat–Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) were able to accurately predict the coupled thermo–hydro–mechanical–chemical response of salt, matching the observed temperature and brine production. Due to the extremely low permeability of salt, these systems take many years to reach steady state when perturbed by mining activities. Long‐term numerical simulations are used to develop the initial pressure and saturation conditions. The inclusion of a damaged rock zone with higher permeability around the borehole also affects the saturation and pressure distributions and plays an important role in dissipating the potential for thermal pressurization. Knowledge gained from this round of experimentation and simulation will be used to conduct the next BATS project experiment in new boreholes at WIPP.
    Keywords Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
    Subject code 621
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article: Separation of uremic toxins from urine with resorcinarene-based ion chromatography columns

    Panahi, Tayyebeh / Douglas J. Weaver / John D. Lamb / Roger G. Harrison

    Journal of chromatography. 2015 Jan. 09, v. 1376

    2015  

    Abstract: People with chronic kidney disease suffer from uremic toxins which accumulate in their bodies. Detection and quantification of uremic toxins help diagnose kidney problems and start patient care. The aim of this research was to seek a new method to assist ...

    Abstract People with chronic kidney disease suffer from uremic toxins which accumulate in their bodies. Detection and quantification of uremic toxins help diagnose kidney problems and start patient care. The aim of this research was to seek a new method to assist this diagnosis by trace level detection and separation of guanidine containing uremic toxins in water and urine. To detect and quantify the uremic toxins, new stationary phases for ion chromatography (IC) columns based on glutamic acid functionalized resorcinarenes bound to divinylbenzene macroporous resin were prepared. The new column packing material afforded separation of the five compounds: guanidinoacetic acid, guanidine, methylguanidine, creatinine, and guanidinobenzoic acid in 30min. Peak resolutions ranged from 7.6 to 1.3. Gradient elutions at ambient temperature with methanesulfonic acid (MSA) solution as eluent resulted in detection levels in water from 10 to 47ppb and in synthetic urine from 28 to 180ppb. Limits of quantification for the analytes using pulsed amperometric detection were 30–160ppb in water and 93–590ppb in urine. Trace levels of creatinine (1ppm) were detected in the urine of a healthy individual using the columns.
    Keywords ambient temperature ; creatinine ; glutamic acid ; guanidines ; ion exchange chromatography ; kidney diseases ; kidneys ; packaging materials ; patient care ; porous media ; toxins ; urine
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-0109
    Size p. 105-111.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 218139-3
    ISSN 0021-9673 ; 0378-4355 ; 0376-737X
    ISSN 0021-9673 ; 0378-4355 ; 0376-737X
    DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.026
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Heat-Generating Nuclear Waste in Salt

    Peter J. Johnson / Shawn Otto / Douglas J. Weaver / Brian Dozier / Terry A. Miller / Amy B. Jordan / Nathan G. Hayes-Rich / Philip H. Stauffer

    Vadose Zone Journal, Vol 18, Iss

    Field Testing and Simulation

    2019  Volume 1

    Abstract: Investigations relating to in-drift disposal of heat-generating nuclear waste in salt have raised questions about heat–brine interactions in the unsaturated run-of-mine (RoM) salt pile used as backfill. These interactions have the potential to change the ...

    Abstract Investigations relating to in-drift disposal of heat-generating nuclear waste in salt have raised questions about heat–brine interactions in the unsaturated run-of-mine (RoM) salt pile used as backfill. These interactions have the potential to change the structure of the RoM salt surrounding the canister, possibly altering long-term containment of the source. An experiment is in progress at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), New Mexico, in which a heated canister was placed on the floor of an open drift, covered in a pile of RoM salt, and energized with 1000 W. Temperature in the RoM salt pile had stabilized after about 15 d, allowing evaluation of the heat-up period of the ongoing experiment. Using a multiphase porous flow simulator that has been modified to handle salt-specific coupled processes, we examined coupled thermal–hydrological–chemical behavior in the RoM salt pile. Our simulations suggest that for the relatively dry cases examined, porosity changes within RoM salt in a generic salt repository are likely to be minor in the period between waste emplacement and plastic closure of the drift. The primary sensitivity for porosity change is to the early moisture content of the RoM salt used to cover the canister. Secondary influences include moisture availability from the disturbed rock zone (DRZ) surrounding the drift and the capillary pressure ratio between the DRZ and the RoM salt. Early changes in porosity and permeability may be affected by moisture content, but this was not observed in the test. Such changes would be most likely to occur when using damp RoM salt or if waste is emplaced in a drift immediately following opening of the drift before evaporative dewatering of the drift walls occurs.
    Keywords Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

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