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Article ; Online: Negative and positive mental health characteristics of affected family members: Findings from a cross-sectional Australian general population gambling study.

Spence, K / Merkouris, S S / Jackson, A C / Wade, A J / Dowling, N A

2024 Volume 155, Page(s) 107998

Abstract: Despite the impact of problem gambling on affected family members (AFMs), there are limited large-scale population level studies identifying the negative mental health (NMH) and positive mental health (PMH) characteristics of AFMs. Furthermore, no study ... ...

Abstract	Despite the impact of problem gambling on affected family members (AFMs), there are limited large-scale population level studies identifying the negative mental health (NMH) and positive mental health (PMH) characteristics of AFMs. Furthermore, no study has explored whether PMH characteristics are protective in the relationships between AFM status and NMH characteristics. This study involved secondary data analysis from the Third Social and Economic Impact Study of Gambling in Tasmania. Using a subsample of 1,869 adults (48.30 % male; mean
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Gambling/psychology ; Gambling/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Adult ; Family/psychology ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Tasmania/epidemiology ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Australia/epidemiology ; Mental Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	197618-7
ISSN	1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
ISSN (online)	1873-6327
ISSN	0306-4603
DOI	10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107998
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Article ; Online: Effective behaviour change techniques for family and close friends: A systematic review and meta-analysis across the addictions.

Merkouris, S S / Rodda, S N / Aarsman, S R / Hodgins, D C / Dowling, N A

Clinical psychology review

2023 Volume 100, Page(s) 102251

Abstract: This systematic review aimed to determine whether the use of specific behaviour change technique (BCT) groups are associated with greater effectiveness for psychosocial interventions delivered to family and close friends (FCFs) impacted by addiction. A ... ...

Abstract	This systematic review aimed to determine whether the use of specific behaviour change technique (BCT) groups are associated with greater effectiveness for psychosocial interventions delivered to family and close friends (FCFs) impacted by addiction. A systematic search of peer-reviewed and grey literature published until August 2021 identified 32 studies in 38 articles. An established BCT taxonomy (93 BCTs clustered into 16 groups) was adapted (inclusion of seven additional BCT groups) and applied to 57 interventions. The meta-analyses indicated that some, but not all, FCF outcomes were improved by the exclusion of BCTs within several groups (Reward and Threat, Scheduled Consequences, Confrontation of the Addicted Person to Engage in Treatment, and Goals and Planning) and inclusion of BCTs within the Restoring a Balanced Lifestyle group. Addicted person outcomes were improved by the inclusion of some BCTs within several groups (Repetition and Substitution, Reward and Threat, Scheduled Consequences, and Restoring a Balanced Lifestyle). Relationship functioning outcomes were improved by the inclusion of BCTs within the Confrontation of the Addicted Person to Engage in Treatment group. Future research involving the development and evaluation of numerous interventions or comprehensive multi-component interventions that can address the various needs of FCFs, without counteracting them, is required.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Friends ; Behavior Therapy/methods ; Reward
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604577-7
ISSN	1873-7811 ; 0272-7358
ISSN (online)	1873-7811
ISSN	0272-7358
DOI	10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102251
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Article ; Online: Risk, compensatory, and protective factors in problem gambling: The role of positive mental health characteristics.

Dowling, N A / Aarsman, S R / Merkouris, S S

Addictive behaviors

2020 Volume 112, Page(s) 106604

Abstract: There is a limited evidence base from which to draw conclusions about compensatory and protective factors for problem gambling. The aim of this study was to explore the potential for positive mental health characteristics (general coping, emotional ... ...

Abstract	There is a limited evidence base from which to draw conclusions about compensatory and protective factors for problem gambling. The aim of this study was to explore the potential for positive mental health characteristics (general coping, emotional support, spirituality, interpersonal skills, personal growth and autonomy, and global affect) to play a compensatory role and protective role in problem gambling in a convenience sample of 499 Australian university students. Hazardous alcohol use, past-year substance use, gambling-related cognitions (interpretive bias, illusion of control, predictive control, gambling-related expectancies, and perceived inability to stop gambling), gambling high-risk situations (negative and positive reinforcement situations), and gambling motives (money, positive feelings, regulate internal state, and challenge) positively predicted problem gambling severity. None of the positive mental health characteristics negatively predicted problem gambling severity, suggesting that these factors did not play a compensatory role. However, emotional support, personal growth and autonomy, and global affect buffered the influence of gambling motives and high-risk situations, suggesting that these factors played a protective role. In contrast, spirituality displayed a direct positive predictive relationship with problem gambling severity, suggesting that it served to act as a risk factor in this sample. The identification of these modifiable risk and protective factors has implications for the development of effective prevention and intervention initiatives. Further longitudinal research employing population-representative samples is required to replicate these results and investigate relationship-, community-, and societal-level risk, compensatory and protective factors associated with the development of problem gambling.
MeSH term(s)	Australia/epidemiology ; Gambling/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Motivation ; Protective Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	197618-7
ISSN	1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
ISSN (online)	1873-6327
ISSN	0306-4603
DOI	10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106604
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Article ; Online: Exploring the associations between gambling cravings, self-efficacy, and gambling episodes: An Ecological Momentary Assessment study.

Hawker, C O / Merkouris, S S / Youssef, G J / Dowling, N A

Addictive behaviors

2020 Volume 112, Page(s) 106574

Abstract: Aims: To explore reciprocal relationships between real-time gambling cravings and self-efficacy with gambling behaviour, and the moderating role of gambling, mental health, and addiction-related variables.: Design: Secondary analysis of a 4-week ... ...

Abstract	Aims: To explore reciprocal relationships between real-time gambling cravings and self-efficacy with gambling behaviour, and the moderating role of gambling, mental health, and addiction-related variables. Design: Secondary analysis of a 4-week Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) study conducted in Tasmania, Australia. Setting: Data were collected via telephone interviews (pre-EMA) and smartphones (EMA). Participants: Ninety-seven regular gamblers (mean age: 45.90 years, 57.73% male) reported 5,113 observations. Measurements: EMA measures included gambling cravings (occurrence, frequency, intensity), self-efficacy (craving-related, gambling-related), and gambling behaviour (episodes, expenditure, duration). Pre-EMA measures included gambling (severity; harms; motives; high-risk situations), mental health (depressive symptoms; anxiety symptoms) and addiction-related (alcohol use; smoking; substance use) moderator variables. Findings: Mixed-effects binary logistic regression analyses revealed that gambling cravings predicted gambling episodes (OR = 2.23, 95% CI:1.61, 3.08), gambling self-efficacy and gambling duration were reciprocally related (OR = 4.65, 95% CI:1.08, 20.04; OR = 0.21, 95% CI:0.05, 0.93), and craving self-efficacy predicted gambling expenditure (OR = 0.30, 95% CI:0.10, 0.86). Moderation analyses revealed that: (1) craving self-efficacy exacerbated craving frequency with gambling expenditure; (2) coping motives exacerbated gambling self-efficacy with gambling expenditure; (3) high-risk positive reinforcement situations exacerbated craving intensity and gambling self-efficacy with gambling episodes, and gambling episode with craving occurrence; and (4) substance use exacerbated gambling self-efficacy with duration, and buffered gambling expenditure with craving intensity. Conclusions: These findings have implications for the development of real-time gambling interventions that aim to reduce gambling cravings and increase self-efficacy, which could be targeted to vulnerable individuals, including people who frequently gambled for coping purposes or positive reinforcement, and people with comorbid substance use.
MeSH term(s)	Australia/epidemiology ; Craving ; Ecological Momentary Assessment ; Female ; Gambling ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Self Efficacy
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	197618-7
ISSN	1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
ISSN (online)	1873-6327
ISSN	0306-4603
DOI	10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106574
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Article ; Online: The Identification of Low-risk Gambling Limits for Specific Gambling Activities.

Dowling, N A / Youssef, G J / Greenwood, C / Merkouris, S S / Suomi, A / Room, R

Journal of gambling studies

2021 Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) 559–590

Abstract: An emerging literature has identified optimal low-risk gambling limits in an effort to reduce gambling-related harm. Concerns have, however, been raised about the construction of aggregate low-risk limits that are applied to all gambling activities and ... ...

Abstract	An emerging literature has identified optimal low-risk gambling limits in an effort to reduce gambling-related harm. Concerns have, however, been raised about the construction of aggregate low-risk limits that are applied to all gambling activities and there is support from gambling experts and the general public in Australia for the identification of low-risk limits for specific gambling activities. The study's aim was to identify and evaluate a set of empirically-based activity-specific limits (gambling frequency, gambling expenditure, gambling expenditure as a proportion of gross personal income, session expenditure, session duration) in a secondary analysis of Social and Economic Impact Studies of Gambling in Tasmania and the 2014 Survey on Gambling, Health and Wellbeing in the ACT. Balancing sensitivity and specificity, limits were identified for all gambling activities: EGMs (10 times per year, AUD$300/year, 0.63-1.04% of personal income, AUD$35 per session, 40 min/session), horse/dog racing (0.55% of personal income), instant scratch tickets (AUD$45/year), lotteries (0.45% of personal income), keno (4-13 times/year, AUD$45-$160/year), casino table games (AUD$345/year, 0.36-0.76% of personal income), bingo (AUD$150/year, 0.49% of personal income, AUD$17/session, 90 min/session), and sports/other event betting (14 times/year, AUD$400/year, 0.55-0.86% of personal income). These limits were exceeded by one-quarter to one-half of gamblers on these specific activities and were generally good predictors of gambling-related harm in subgroups of gamblers participating in these gambling activities and in the overall gambling sample. The limits provide gamblers, regulators, prevention workers, and researchers with simple rules of thumb in prevention efforts to reduce gambling-related harm in specific contexts.
MeSH term(s)	Australia ; Gambling/psychology ; Humans ; Income ; Risk ; Risk-Taking
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2016895-0
ISSN	1573-3602 ; 1050-5350
ISSN (online)	1573-3602
ISSN	1050-5350
DOI	10.1007/s10899-021-10036-z
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Article ; Online: Gamblers seeking online help are active help-seekers: Time to support autonomy and competence.

Rodda, S N / Dowling, N A / Lubman, D I

Addictive behaviors

2018 Volume 87, Page(s) 272–275

Abstract: Research investigating rates of help-seeking for problem gambling has traditionally focused on the uptake of face-to-face gambling services alone, despite the World Health Organisation defining help-seeking as any action or activity undertaken to improve ...

Abstract	Research investigating rates of help-seeking for problem gambling has traditionally focused on the uptake of face-to-face gambling services alone, despite the World Health Organisation defining help-seeking as any action or activity undertaken to improve or resolve emotional, psychological or behavioural problems. The primary aim of this study is to examine the full range of help-seeking options utilised by gamblers, and to determine whether administering a comprehensive list of help options yields higher help-seeking rates than a single item measure. A one-item and expanded 14-item help-seeking Questionnaire (the Help-Seeking Questionnaire; HSQ) were administered to 277 problem gamblers seeking help online. We found the 14-item HSQ yielded a significantly higher level of lifetime professional help-seeking (70%) compared to the one-item measure (22%). When we included self-directed activities, 93% of gamblers reported they had previously attempted at least one activity to reduce their gambling. Current measurement of help-seeking appears to underestimate the range of activities currently undertaken by gamblers to reduce their gambling. Surveys need to include the one-item HSQ (over the past 12 months have you sought professional help or advice (online, by phone, or in person), support from family or friends, or did something by yourself to limit or reduce your gambling?) or the three-item HSQ which measures engagement of face-to-face services (i.e., counselling, advice, groups), distance-based (i.e., anonymous telephone, online) and self-directed (i.e., activities not involving professional oversight) activities separately. The full 14-item screen can be administered when brief screens are positive to ensure accurate measurement of help-seeking.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Australia ; Counseling/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Gambling/psychology ; Help-Seeking Behavior ; Humans ; Internet/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Personal Autonomy ; Self Efficacy ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	197618-7
ISSN	1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
ISSN (online)	1873-6327
ISSN	0306-4603
DOI	10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.001
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Article ; Online: Gambling problems in treatment for affective disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC).

Cowlishaw, S / Hakes, J K / Dowling, N A

Journal of affective disorders

2016 Volume 202, Page(s) 110–114

Abstract: Background: Gambling problems co-occur frequently with other psychiatric difficulties and may complicate treatment for affective disorders. This study evaluated the prevalence and correlates of gambling problems in a U. S. representative sample ... ...

Abstract	Background: Gambling problems co-occur frequently with other psychiatric difficulties and may complicate treatment for affective disorders. This study evaluated the prevalence and correlates of gambling problems in a U. S. representative sample reporting treatment for mood problems or anxiety. Methods: n=3007 respondents indicating past-year treatment for affective disorders were derived from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Weighted prevalence estimates were produced and regression analyses examined correlates of gambling problems. Results: Rates of lifetime and past-year problem gambling (3+DSM-IV symptoms) were 3.1% (95% CI=2.4-4.0%) and 1.4% (95% CI=0.9-2.1%), respectively, in treatment for any disorder. Rates of lifetime problem gambling ranged from 3.1% (95% CI=2.3-4.3%) for depression to 5.4% (95% CI=3.2-9.0%) for social phobia. Past-year conditions ranged from 0.9% (95% CI=0.4-2.1%) in dysthymia to 2.4% (95% CI=1.1-5.3%) in social phobia. Higher levels were observed when considering a spectrum of severity (including 'at-risk' gambling), with 8.9% (95% CI=7.7-10.2%) of respondents indicating a history of any gambling problems (1+ DSM-IV symptoms). Lifetime gambling problems predicted interpersonal problems and financial difficulties, and marijuana use, but not alcohol use, mental or physical health, and healthcare utilisation. Limitations: Data were collected in 2001-02 and were cross-sectional. Conclusions: Gambling problems occur at non-trivial rates in treatment for affective disorders and have mainly psychosocial implications. The findings indicate scope for initiatives to identify and respond to gambling problems across a continuum of severity in treatment for affective disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Anxiety/psychology ; Anxiety/therapy ; Comorbidity ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Gambling/diagnosis ; Gambling/epidemiology ; Gambling/psychology ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mood Disorders/epidemiology ; Mood Disorders/psychology ; Mood Disorders/therapy ; Prevalence ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05-26
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	135449-8
ISSN	1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
ISSN (online)	1573-2517
ISSN	0165-0327
DOI	10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.023
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Article ; Online: The Relationship Between Problem Gambling and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Waluk, O R / Youssef, G J / Dowling, N A

Journal of gambling studies

2016 Volume 32, Issue 2, Page(s) 591–604

Abstract: Recent studies indicate that treatment-seeking problem gamblers display elevated rates of ADHD and that adolescents who screen positive for ADHD are more likely to engage in gambling, develop gambling problems, and experience a greater severity in ... ...

Abstract	Recent studies indicate that treatment-seeking problem gamblers display elevated rates of ADHD and that adolescents who screen positive for ADHD are more likely to engage in gambling, develop gambling problems, and experience a greater severity in gambling problems. This study aimed to (a) compare the prevalence of ADHD in treatment-seeking problem gamblers to the general population; (b) investigate the relationships between ADHD and problem gambling severity, cluster B personality disorders, motor impulsivity, alcohol use, substance use, gender, and age; and (c) investigate the degree to which these factors moderate the relationship between ADHD and problem gambling severity. Participants included 214 adults (154 males, 58 females, 2 unspecified) who sought treatment for their gambling problems at a specialist gambling agency in Melbourne, Australia. Almost one-quarter (24.9 %) of treatment-seeking problem gamblers screened positively for ADHD, which was significantly higher than the 14 % prevalence in a community sample. ADHD was significantly positively correlated with problem gambling severity, motor impulsivity, and cluster B personality disorders, but was not associated with alcohol and substance use, gender or age. None of the factors significantly moderated the relationship between ADHD and problem gambling severity. These findings suggest that a considerable proportion of treatment-seeking problem gamblers report ADHD and that their clinical profile is complicated by the presence of high impulsivity and cluster B personality disorders. They highlight the need for specialist gambling agencies to develop screening, assessment, and management protocols for co-occurring ADHD to enhance the effectiveness of treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology ; Australia/epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Gambling/epidemiology ; Gambling/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Personality ; Personality Disorders/epidemiology ; Personality Disorders/psychology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2016895-0
ISSN	1573-3602 ; 1050-5350
ISSN (online)	1573-3602
ISSN	1050-5350
DOI	10.1007/s10899-015-9564-8
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Article ; Online: Interventions for comorbid problem gambling and psychiatric disorders: Advancing a developing field of research.

Dowling, N A / Merkouris, S S / Lorains, F K

Addictive behaviors

2016 Volume 58, Page(s) 21–30

Abstract: Despite significant psychiatric comorbidity in problem gambling, there is little evidence on which to base treatment recommendations for subpopulations of problem gamblers with comorbid psychiatric disorders. This mini-review draws on two separate ... ...

Abstract	Despite significant psychiatric comorbidity in problem gambling, there is little evidence on which to base treatment recommendations for subpopulations of problem gamblers with comorbid psychiatric disorders. This mini-review draws on two separate systematic searches to identify possible interventions for comorbid problem gambling and psychiatric disorders, highlight the gaps in the currently available evidence base, and stimulate further research in this area. In this mini-review, only 21 studies that have conducted post-hoc analyses to explore the influence of psychiatric disorders or problem gambling subtypes on gambling outcomes from different types of treatment were identified. The findings of these studies suggest that most gambling treatments are not contraindicated by psychiatric disorders. Moreover, only 6 randomized studies comparing the efficacy of interventions targeted towards specific comorbidity subgroups with a control/comparison group were identified. The results of these studies provide preliminary evidence for modified dialectical behavior therapy for comorbid substance use, the addition of naltrexone to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for comorbid alcohol use problems, and the addition of N-acetylcysteine to tobacco support programs and imaginal desensitisation/motivational interviewing for comorbid nicotine dependence. They also suggest that lithium for comorbid bipolar disorder, escitalopram for comorbid anxiety disorders, and the addition of CBT to standard drug treatment for comorbid schizophrenia may be effective. Future research evaluating interventions sequenced according to disorder severity or the functional relationship between the gambling behavior and comorbid symptomatology, identifying psychiatric disorders as moderators of the efficacy of problem gambling interventions, and evaluating interventions matched to client comorbidity could advance this immature field of study.
MeSH term(s)	Acetylcysteine/therapeutic use ; Antimanic Agents/therapeutic use ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; Anxiety Disorders/therapy ; Behavior Therapy/methods ; Bipolar Disorder/epidemiology ; Bipolar Disorder/therapy ; Citalopram/therapeutic use ; Cognitive Therapy/methods ; Comorbidity ; Free Radical Scavengers/therapeutic use ; Gambling/epidemiology ; Gambling/therapy ; Humans ; Lithium Compounds/therapeutic use ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Motivational Interviewing/methods ; Naltrexone/therapeutic use ; Narcotic Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Schizophrenia/epidemiology ; Schizophrenia/therapy ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology ; Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy
Chemical Substances	Antimanic Agents ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Free Radical Scavengers ; Lithium Compounds ; Narcotic Antagonists ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; Citalopram (0DHU5B8D6V) ; Naltrexone (5S6W795CQM) ; Acetylcysteine (WYQ7N0BPYC)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	197618-7
ISSN	1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
ISSN (online)	1873-6327
ISSN	0306-4603
DOI	10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.02.012
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Article ; Online: Improved Outcomes Following a Single Session Web-Based Intervention for Problem Gambling.

Rodda, S N / Lubman, D I / Jackson, A C / Dowling, N A

Journal of gambling studies

2017 Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 283–299

Abstract: Research suggests online interventions can have instant impact, however this is yet to be tested with help-seeking adults and in particular those with problem gambling. This study seeks to determine the immediate impact of a single session web-based ... ...

Abstract	Research suggests online interventions can have instant impact, however this is yet to be tested with help-seeking adults and in particular those with problem gambling. This study seeks to determine the immediate impact of a single session web-based intervention for problem gambling, and to examine whether sessions evaluated positively by clients are associated with greater improvement. The current study involved 229 participants classified as problem gamblers who agreed to participate after accessing Gambling Help Online between November 2010 and February 2012. Almost half were aged under 35 years of age (45 %), male (57 %) as well as first time treatment seekers (62 %). Participants completed measures of readiness to change and distress both prior to and post-counselling. Following the provision of a single-session of counselling, participants completed ratings of the character of the session (i.e., degree of depth and smoothness) post-counselling. A significant increase in confidence to resist and urge to gamble and a significant decrease in distress (moderate effect size; d = .56 and .63 respectively) was observed after receiving online counselling. A hierarchical regression indicated the character of the session was a significant predictor of change in confidence, however only the sub-scale smoothness was a significant predictor of change in distress. This was the case even after controlling for pre-session distress, session word count and client characteristics (gender, age, preferred gambling activity, preferred mode of gambling, gambling severity, and preferred mode of help-seeking). These findings suggest that single session web-based counselling for problem gambling can have immediate benefits, although further research is required to examine the impact on longer-term outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Counseling/methods ; Female ; Gambling/psychology ; Gambling/therapy ; Help-Seeking Behavior ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Mental Processes ; Middle Aged ; Self Concept ; Therapy, Computer-Assisted/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2016895-0
ISSN	1573-3602 ; 1050-5350
ISSN (online)	1573-3602
ISSN	1050-5350
DOI	10.1007/s10899-016-9638-2
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