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  1. Article: How Drawing to Distract Improves Mood in Children.

    Drake, Jennifer E

    Frontiers in psychology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 622927

    Abstract: Previous research has shown that drawing improves short-term mood in children when used to distract from rather than express negative thoughts and feelings. The current study sought to examine (a) ...

    Abstract Previous research has shown that drawing improves short-term mood in children when used to distract from rather than express negative thoughts and feelings. The current study sought to examine (a)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.622927
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  2. Article: Seasonal pre-development conditions of a proposed low impact development neighbourhood

    Yin, Yin / Drake, Jennifer

    Canadian water resources journal. 2022 Jan. 2, v. 47, no. 1

    2022  

    Abstract: This study presents the four years’ seasonal baseline hydrological condition of a proposed low impact development neighbourhood in Brantford, Ontario. A comprehensive monitoring scheme including on-site infiltration tests, topographic survey, and ... ...

    Abstract This study presents the four years’ seasonal baseline hydrological condition of a proposed low impact development neighbourhood in Brantford, Ontario. A comprehensive monitoring scheme including on-site infiltration tests, topographic survey, and instream and groundwater monitoring was conducted on the site and in the adjacent Whitemans Creek and Lewis Drain. The streams’ high flows and storm responses are not included in the current study due to limited accessibility. Results show that sandy soil with a high infiltration rate on the site infiltrates the majority of the precipitation and supports the installation of permeable pavements. Surface water and groundwater interaction was observed at the Municipal Drain. Throughout the summer, the Creek has clear flow conditions for the majority of the time and baseflow accounts for a large proportion of flows in the Creek. During the monitoring period, water quality parameters in the Creek satisfied the CCME guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. The use of permeable pavements on the site will help to maintain pre-development water balance. As neighbourhood-level LID is rarely directly demonstrated, we encourage further investigations once the site has been developed.
    Keywords aquatic organisms ; base flow ; groundwater ; infiltration rate ; sandy soils ; storms ; streams ; summer ; surface water ; surveys ; topography ; water quality ; Ontario
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0102
    Size p. 61-82.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1918-1817
    DOI 10.1080/07011784.2022.2032366
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Biochar and vegetation effects on discharge water quality from organic-substrate green roofs.

    Liao, Wenxi / Sidhu, Virinder / Sifton, Melanie A / Margolis, Liat / Drake, Jennifer A P / Thomas, Sean C

    The Science of the total environment

    2024  Volume 922, Page(s) 171302

    Abstract: Green roofs have been increasingly used to improve stormwater management, but poor vegetation performance on roof systems, varying with vegetation type, can degrade discharge quality. Biochar has been suggested as an effective substrate additive for ... ...

    Abstract Green roofs have been increasingly used to improve stormwater management, but poor vegetation performance on roof systems, varying with vegetation type, can degrade discharge quality. Biochar has been suggested as an effective substrate additive for green roofs to improve plant performance and discharge quality. However, research on the effects of biochar and vegetation on discharge quality in the long term is lacking and the underlying mechanisms involved are unclear. We examined the effects of biochar amendment and vegetation on discharge quality on organic-substrate green roofs with pre-grown sedum mats and direct-seeded native plants for three years and investigated the key factors influencing discharge quality. Sedum mats reduced the leaching of nutrients and particulate matter by 6-64% relative to native plants, largely due to the higher initial vegetation cover of the former. Biochar addition to sedum mat green roofs resulted in the best integrated water quality due to enhanced plant cover and sorption effects. Structural equation modeling revealed that nutrient leaching was primarily influenced by rainfall depth, time, vegetation cover, and substrate pH. Although biochar-amended sedum mats showed better discharge quality from organic-substrate green roofs, additional ecosystem services may be provided by native plants, suggesting future research to optimize plant composition and cover and biochar properties for sustainable green roofs.
    MeSH term(s) Water Quality ; Ecosystem ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Rain ; Plants ; Sedum ; Charcoal
    Chemical Substances biochar ; Charcoal (16291-96-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171302
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 949: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article: Biochar granulation, particle size, and vegetation effects on leachate water quality from a green roof substrate

    Liao, Wenxi / Drake, Jennifer / Thomas, Sean C.

    Journal of environmental management. 2022 Sept. 15, v. 318

    2022  

    Abstract: Biochar, due to its favourable physiochemical properties, has been promoted as an ideal substrate additive on green roofs, with potential benefits to hydrological function. However, biochar is susceptible to water erosion, which may result in biochar ... ...

    Abstract Biochar, due to its favourable physiochemical properties, has been promoted as an ideal substrate additive on green roofs, with potential benefits to hydrological function. However, biochar is susceptible to water erosion, which may result in biochar loss and water pollution. The use of granulated biochars or biochars in large particle sizes could potentially alleviate biochar erosion loss, but effects on leachate quality have not been investigated. Also, biochar type and particle size influence plant performance, and effects on discharge quality may vary with vegetation. We assessed the effects of unprocessed and granulated biochars at five (0.25–0.5 mm, 0.5–1 mm, 1–2 mm, 2–2.8 mm, 2.8–4 mm) and four (1–2 mm, 2–2.8 mm, 2.8–4 mm, and 4–6.3 mm) particle size ranges, respectively, on leachate quality on a typical green roof substrate, with presence and absence of vegetation (Agastache foeniculum – a drought-tolerant native forb). We evaluated integrated leachate quality using the CCME Water Quality Index (WQI). Unprocessed biochars reduced nutrient leaching due to increased water retention capacity (WRC) and total porosity. In contrast, granulated biochars, although showing less pronounced mitigation of nutrient leaching, reduced total suspended solids (TSS) and improved WQI in leachate due to enhanced plant performance. In addition, small biochar particles better reduced nutrient leaching and particle loss than large biochar particles, possibly due to increased WRC and formation of water-stable aggregates. The presence of vegetation generally reduced the leaching of nutrients and TSS, consistent with plant nutrient uptake and root substrate stabilization. However, plant biomass was correlated with increased total N leaching, likely due to litter inputs and rapid litter decomposition. We conclude that applications of granulated biochars may best improve discharge quality from green roofs through sorption effects and by enhancing plant performance.
    Keywords Agastache foeniculum ; biochar ; drought tolerance ; environmental management ; forbs ; green roofs ; hydrology ; leachates ; nutrient uptake ; particle size ; phytomass ; porosity ; sorption ; total nitrogen ; vegetation ; water erosion ; water holding capacity ; water pollution ; water quality
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0915
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 184882-3
    ISSN 1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
    ISSN (online) 1095-8630
    ISSN 0301-4797
    DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115506
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 7556: Show issues

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  5. Article: Biochar granulation enhances plant performance on a green roof substrate

    Liao, Wenxi / Drake, Jennifer / Thomas, Sean C.

    Science of the total environment. 2022 Mar. 20, v. 813

    2022  

    Abstract: Green roofs have been widely promoted as a means to enhance ecosystem services in cities, but roofs present a harsh growing environment for plants. Biochar is suggested to be a highly beneficial substrate additive for green roof systems due to its low ... ...

    Abstract Green roofs have been widely promoted as a means to enhance ecosystem services in cities, but roofs present a harsh growing environment for plants. Biochar is suggested to be a highly beneficial substrate additive for green roof systems due to its low weight, high nutrient and water retention capacity, and recalcitrance. However, biochar is susceptible to wind and water erosion, which may result in biochar loss and negative environmental impacts. Applications of biochar as large particles or in granulated form may mitigate biochar erosion potential, but relevant data on plant performance and substrate properties are lacking. We examined the effects of granulated and conventional biochars at a range of particle sizes on plant performance of the drought-tolerant forb Agastache foeniculum. We found that granulated biochar strongly enhanced plant growth, reproduction, and physiological status, acting to neutralize pH and enhance water retention capacity of the substrate. In contrast, although conventional biochar reduced substrate bulk density and enhanced substrate total porosity and water retention capacity, it suppressed plant growth. Our results also suggest that granulated biochar at intermediate particle sizes (2–2.8 mm) best enhanced plant performance. We conclude that use of granulated biochars on green roofs can strongly promote plant performance while increasing water infiltration and retention.
    Keywords Agastache foeniculum ; biochar ; bulk density ; drought tolerance ; ecosystems ; environment ; forbs ; green roofs ; pH ; physiological state ; plant growth ; porosity ; reproduction ; water erosion ; water holding capacity
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0320
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152638
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 74/341: Show issues

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  6. Article ; Online: Biochar granulation, particle size, and vegetation effects on leachate water quality from a green roof substrate.

    Liao, Wenxi / Drake, Jennifer / Thomas, Sean C

    Journal of environmental management

    2022  Volume 318, Page(s) 115506

    Abstract: Biochar, due to its favourable physiochemical properties, has been promoted as an ideal substrate additive on green roofs, with potential benefits to hydrological function. However, biochar is susceptible to water erosion, which may result in biochar ... ...

    Abstract Biochar, due to its favourable physiochemical properties, has been promoted as an ideal substrate additive on green roofs, with potential benefits to hydrological function. However, biochar is susceptible to water erosion, which may result in biochar loss and water pollution. The use of granulated biochars or biochars in large particle sizes could potentially alleviate biochar erosion loss, but effects on leachate quality have not been investigated. Also, biochar type and particle size influence plant performance, and effects on discharge quality may vary with vegetation. We assessed the effects of unprocessed and granulated biochars at five (0.25-0.5 mm, 0.5-1 mm, 1-2 mm, 2-2.8 mm, 2.8-4 mm) and four (1-2 mm, 2-2.8 mm, 2.8-4 mm, and 4-6.3 mm) particle size ranges, respectively, on leachate quality on a typical green roof substrate, with presence and absence of vegetation (Agastache foeniculum - a drought-tolerant native forb). We evaluated integrated leachate quality using the CCME Water Quality Index (WQI). Unprocessed biochars reduced nutrient leaching due to increased water retention capacity (WRC) and total porosity. In contrast, granulated biochars, although showing less pronounced mitigation of nutrient leaching, reduced total suspended solids (TSS) and improved WQI in leachate due to enhanced plant performance. In addition, small biochar particles better reduced nutrient leaching and particle loss than large biochar particles, possibly due to increased WRC and formation of water-stable aggregates. The presence of vegetation generally reduced the leaching of nutrients and TSS, consistent with plant nutrient uptake and root substrate stabilization. However, plant biomass was correlated with increased total N leaching, likely due to litter inputs and rapid litter decomposition. We conclude that applications of granulated biochars may best improve discharge quality from green roofs through sorption effects and by enhancing plant performance.
    MeSH term(s) Biomass ; Charcoal/chemistry ; Particle Size ; Soil/chemistry ; Water Quality
    Chemical Substances Soil ; biochar ; Charcoal (16291-96-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 184882-3
    ISSN 1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
    ISSN (online) 1095-8630
    ISSN 0301-4797
    DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115506
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 7556: Show issues

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  7. Article ; Online: Year-round monitoring of chloride releases from three zero-exfiltration permeable pavements and an asphalt parking lot.

    Sehgal, Kirti / Sidhu, Virinder / Oswald, Claire / Drake, Jennifer

    Journal of environmental management

    2022  Volume 328, Page(s) 116903

    Abstract: Winter deicers, though essential for maintaining safe pavement conditions in winter, increase chloride ( ... ...

    Abstract Winter deicers, though essential for maintaining safe pavement conditions in winter, increase chloride (Cl
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 184882-3
    ISSN 1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
    ISSN (online) 1095-8630
    ISSN 0301-4797
    DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116903
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  8. Article ; Online: Biochar Benefits Green Infrastructure: Global Meta-Analysis and Synthesis.

    Liao, Wenxi / Halim, Md Abdul / Kayes, Imrul / Drake, Jennifer A P / Thomas, Sean C

    Environmental science & technology

    2023  Volume 57, Issue 41, Page(s) 15475–15486

    Abstract: Urbanization has degraded ecosystem services on a global scale, and cities are vulnerable to long-term stresses and risks exacerbated by climate change. Green infrastructure (GI) has been increasingly implemented in cities to improve ecosystem functions ... ...

    Abstract Urbanization has degraded ecosystem services on a global scale, and cities are vulnerable to long-term stresses and risks exacerbated by climate change. Green infrastructure (GI) has been increasingly implemented in cities to improve ecosystem functions and enhance city resilience, yet GI degradation or failure is common. Biochar has been recently suggested as an ideal substrate additive for a range of GI types due to its favorable properties; however, the generality of biochar benefits the GI ecosystem function, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we present a global meta-analysis and synthesis and demonstrate that biochar additions pervasively benefit a wide range of ecosystem functions on GI. Biochar applications were found to improve substrate water retention capacity by 23% and enhance substrate nutrients by 12-31%, contributing to a 33% increase in plant total biomass. Improved substrate physicochemical properties and plant growth together reduce discharge water volume and improve discharge water quality from GI. In addition, biochar increases microbial biomass on GI by ∼150% due to the presence of biochar pores and enhanced microbial growth conditions, while also reducing CO
    MeSH term(s) Ecosystem ; Cities ; Sustainable Growth ; Charcoal/chemistry ; Soil/chemistry
    Chemical Substances biochar ; Charcoal (16291-96-6) ; Soil
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article
    ISSN 1520-5851
    ISSN (online) 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021/acs.est.3c04185
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  9. Article ; Online: Biochar granulation enhances plant performance on a green roof substrate.

    Liao, Wenxi / Drake, Jennifer / Thomas, Sean C

    The Science of the total environment

    2021  Volume 813, Page(s) 152638

    Abstract: Green roofs have been widely promoted as a means to enhance ecosystem services in cities, but roofs present a harsh growing environment for plants. Biochar is suggested to be a highly beneficial substrate additive for green roof systems due to its low ... ...

    Abstract Green roofs have been widely promoted as a means to enhance ecosystem services in cities, but roofs present a harsh growing environment for plants. Biochar is suggested to be a highly beneficial substrate additive for green roof systems due to its low weight, high nutrient and water retention capacity, and recalcitrance. However, biochar is susceptible to wind and water erosion, which may result in biochar loss and negative environmental impacts. Applications of biochar as large particles or in granulated form may mitigate biochar erosion potential, but relevant data on plant performance and substrate properties are lacking. We examined the effects of granulated and conventional biochars at a range of particle sizes on plant performance of the drought-tolerant forb Agastache foeniculum. We found that granulated biochar strongly enhanced plant growth, reproduction, and physiological status, acting to neutralize pH and enhance water retention capacity of the substrate. In contrast, although conventional biochar reduced substrate bulk density and enhanced substrate total porosity and water retention capacity, it suppressed plant growth. Our results also suggest that granulated biochar at intermediate particle sizes (2-2.8 mm) best enhanced plant performance. We conclude that use of granulated biochars on green roofs can strongly promote plant performance while increasing water infiltration and retention.
    MeSH term(s) Charcoal ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Plants
    Chemical Substances biochar ; Charcoal (16291-96-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-27
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152638
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 949: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  10. Article ; Online: Knowing how to look predicts the ability to draw realistically.

    Drake, Jennifer E

    The British journal of developmental psychology

    2014  Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) 397–414

    Abstract: Some young children are able to create stunningly realistic drawings resembling those of adult artists. What perceptual abilities underlie this talent? This study examined two candidate skills on which adult artists excel: the ability to segment a ... ...

    Abstract Some young children are able to create stunningly realistic drawings resembling those of adult artists. What perceptual abilities underlie this talent? This study examined two candidate skills on which adult artists excel: the ability to segment a complex form mentally (measured by the Block Design Task) and the ability to see hidden forms (measured by the Group Embedded Figures Test). Sixty-seven 6- to 13-year-olds with a wide range of drawing abilities completed these tasks as well as an IQ test and an observational drawing task. While children who scored high on drawing realism outperformed those who scored low in drawing realism on both perceptual tasks, only detection of embedded figures predicted drawing realism. This occurred independently of age, gender, years of training, and verbal and non-verbal IQ. There are certainly many contributors to this complex ability, but one component appears to be the tendency to see things more as they really are and thereby recognize the continuous contour of an object despite interference from other overlapping objects.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Aptitude/physiology ; Child ; Female ; Form Perception/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Skills/physiology ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2028059-2
    ISSN 2044-835X ; 0261-510X
    ISSN (online) 2044-835X
    ISSN 0261-510X
    DOI 10.1111/bjdp.12048
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