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  1. Article ; Online: Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in forensic chemistry.

    Draper, Sarah L / McCarney, Evan R

    Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC

    2021  Volume 61, Issue 2, Page(s) 106–129

    Abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique well known for its ability to elucidate structures and analyse mixtures and its quantitative nature. However, the cost and maintenance of high field NMR instruments prevent its ... ...

    Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique well known for its ability to elucidate structures and analyse mixtures and its quantitative nature. However, the cost and maintenance of high field NMR instruments prevent its widespread use by forensic chemists. The introduction of benchtop NMR spectrometers to the market operating at 40-80 MHz have a small footprint, are easy to use and cost much less than high field instruments, which makes them well suited to meet the needs of forensic chemists. These modern low field spectrometers are often capable of running multiple nuclei including
    MeSH term(s) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Diffusion ; Solvents
    Chemical Substances Solvents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1475029-6
    ISSN 1097-458X ; 0749-1581
    ISSN (online) 1097-458X
    ISSN 0749-1581
    DOI 10.1002/mrc.5197
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Peptide-Adjuvant Conjugate Vaccines with Increasing Antigen Content.

    Cooney, Taylor R / Farrand, Kathryn / Draper, Sarah L / Anderson, Regan J / Rendle, Phillip M / Hermans, Ian F / Compton, Benjamin J / Painter, Gavin F

    Bioconjugate chemistry

    2023  

    Abstract: Synthetic vaccines that induce T cell responses to peptide epitopes are a promising immunotherapy for both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Stimulating strong and sustained T cell responses requires antigen delivery to appropriately activated ... ...

    Abstract Synthetic vaccines that induce T cell responses to peptide epitopes are a promising immunotherapy for both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Stimulating strong and sustained T cell responses requires antigen delivery to appropriately activated antigen presenting cells (APCs). One way this can be accomplished is by chemically conjugating immunogenic peptide epitopes with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a glycolipid that acts as an immune adjuvant by inducing stimulatory interactions between APCs and type I natural killer T (NKT) cells. Here we investigate whether increasing the ratio of antigen:adjuvant improves antigen-specific T cell responses. A series of conjugate vaccines was prepared in which one, two, four, or eight copies of an immunogenic peptide were covalently attached to a modified form of α-GalCer via the poly(ethoxyethylglycinamide) dendron scaffold. Initial attempts to synthesize these multivalent conjugate vaccines involved attaching the bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne (BCN) group to the adjuvant-dendron structure followed by strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition of the peptide. Although this approach was successful for preparing vaccines with either one or two peptide copies, the synthesis of vaccines requiring attachment of four or eight BCN groups suffered from low yields due to cyclooctyne degradation. Instead, conjugate vaccines containing up to eight peptide copies were readily achieved through oxime ligation with adjuvant-dendron constructs decorated with the 8-oxo-nonanoyl group. When evaluating T cell responses to vaccination in mice, we confirmed a significant advantage to conjugation over admixes of peptide and α-GalCer, regardless of the peptide to adjuvant ratio, but there was no advantage to increasing the number of peptides attached. However, it was notable that the higher ratio conjugate vaccines required lower levels of NKT cell activation to be effective, which could be a safety advantage for future vaccine candidates.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1024041-x
    ISSN 1520-4812 ; 1043-1802
    ISSN (online) 1520-4812
    ISSN 1043-1802
    DOI 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00106
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 3400: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: Preclinical evaluation of therapeutic vaccines for chronic hepatitis B that stimulate antiviral activities of T cells and NKT cells.

    Mooney, Anna H / Draper, Sarah L / Burn, Olivia K / Anderson, Regan J / Compton, Benjamin J / Tang, Chingwen / Farrand, Kathryn J / Di Lucia, Pietro / Ravà, Micol / Fumagalli, Valeria / Giustini, Leonardo / Bono, Elisa / Godfrey, Dale I / Heath, William R / Yuan, Weiming / Chisari, Francis V / Guidotti, Luca G / Iannacone, Matteo / Sidney, John /
    Sette, Alessandro / Gulab, Shivali A / Painter, Gavin F / Hermans, Ian F

    JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology

    2024  Volume 6, Issue 5, Page(s) 101038

    Abstract: Background & aims: Liver diseases resulting from chronic HBV infection are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Vaccines that elicit T-cell responses capable of controlling the virus represent a treatment strategy with potential for long-term ...

    Abstract Background & aims: Liver diseases resulting from chronic HBV infection are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Vaccines that elicit T-cell responses capable of controlling the virus represent a treatment strategy with potential for long-term effects. Here, we evaluated vaccines that induce the activity of type I natural killer T (NKT) cells to limit viral replication and license stimulation of conventional antiviral T-cells.
    Methods: Vaccines were prepared by conjugating peptide epitopes to an NKT-cell agonist to promote co-delivery to antigen-presenting cells, encouraging NKT-cell licensing and stimulation of T cells. Activity of the conjugate vaccines was assessed in transgenic mice expressing the complete HBV genome, administered intravenously to maximise access to NKT cell-rich tissues.
    Results: The vaccines induced only limited antiviral activity in unmanipulated transgenic hosts, likely attributable to NKT-cell activation as T-cell tolerance to viral antigens is strong. However, in a model of chronic hepatitis B involving transfer of naive HBcAg-specific CD8
    Conclusions: The novel vaccines described show promise for further clinical development as a treatment for chronic hepatitis B.
    Impact and implications: Although there are effective prophylactic vaccines for HBV infection, it is estimated that 350-400 million people worldwide have chronic hepatitis B, putting these individuals at significant risk of life-threatening liver diseases. Therapeutic vaccination aimed at activating or boosting HBV-specific T-cell responses holds potential as a strategy for treating chronic infection, but has so far met with limited success. Here, we show that a glycolipid-peptide conjugate vaccine designed to coordinate activity of type I NKT cells alongside conventional antiviral T cells has antiviral activity in a mouse model of chronic infection. It is anticipated that a product based on a combination of three such conjugates, each prepared using long peptides covering clusters of known HLA-binding epitopes, could be developed further as a treatment for chronic hepatitis B with broad global HLA coverage.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-5559
    ISSN (online) 2589-5559
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101038
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: 6″-Modifed α-GalCer-peptide conjugate vaccine candidates protect against liver-stage malaria.

    Meijlink, Michael A / Chua, Yu Cheng / Chan, Susanna T S / Anderson, Regan J / Rosenberg, Matthew W / Cozijnsen, Anton / Mollard, Vanessa / McFadden, Geoffrey I / Draper, Sarah L / Holz, Lauren E / Hermans, Ian F / Heath, William R / Painter, Gavin F / Compton, Benjamin J

    RSC chemical biology

    2022  Volume 3, Issue 5, Page(s) 551–560

    Abstract: Self-adjuvanting vaccines consisting of peptide epitopes conjugated to immune adjuvants are a powerful way of generating antigen-specific immune responses. We previously showed that ... ...

    Abstract Self-adjuvanting vaccines consisting of peptide epitopes conjugated to immune adjuvants are a powerful way of generating antigen-specific immune responses. We previously showed that a
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2633-0679
    ISSN (online) 2633-0679
    DOI 10.1039/d1cb00251a
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Characterization of Polysaccharides from Feijoa Fruits ( Acca sellowiana Berg.) and Their Utilization as Growth Substrates by Gut Commensal Bacteroides Species.

    Bell, Tracey J / Draper, Sarah L / Centanni, Manuela / Carnachan, Susan M / Tannock, Gerald W / Sims, Ian M

    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

    2018  Volume 66, Issue 50, Page(s) 13277–13284

    Abstract: Polysaccharides from feijoa fruit were extracted and analyzed; the composition of these polysaccharides conforms to those typically found in the primary cell walls of eudicotyledons. The two major polysaccharide extracts consisted of mainly pectic ... ...

    Abstract Polysaccharides from feijoa fruit were extracted and analyzed; the composition of these polysaccharides conforms to those typically found in the primary cell walls of eudicotyledons. The two major polysaccharide extracts consisted of mainly pectic polysaccharides and hemicellulosic polysaccharides [xyloglucan (77%) and arabinoxylan (16%)]. A collection of commensal Bacteroides species was screened for growth in culture using these polysaccharide preparations and placed into five categories based on their preference for each substrate. Most of the species tested could utilize the pectic polysaccharides, but growth on the hemicellulose was more limited. Constituent sugar and glycosyl linkage analysis showed that species that grew on the hemicellulose fraction showed differences in their preference for the two polysaccharides in this preparation. Our data demonstrate that the members of the genus Bacteroides show differential hydrolysis of pectic polysaccharides, xyloglucan, and arabinoxylan, which might influence the structure and metabolic activities of the microbiota in the human gut.
    MeSH term(s) Bacteroides/growth & development ; Bacteroides/metabolism ; Feijoa/chemistry ; Feijoa/metabolism ; Fruit/chemistry ; Fruit/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Humans ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/metabolism ; Symbiosis
    Chemical Substances Plant Extracts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 241619-0
    ISSN 1520-5118 ; 0021-8561
    ISSN (online) 1520-5118
    ISSN 0021-8561
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05080
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 1172: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: mRNA vaccine against malaria tailored for liver-resident memory T cells.

    Ganley, Mitch / Holz, Lauren E / Minnell, Jordan J / de Menezes, Maria N / Burn, Olivia K / Poa, Kean Chan Yew / Draper, Sarah L / English, Kieran / Chan, Susanna T S / Anderson, Regan J / Compton, Benjamin J / Marshall, Andrew J / Cozijnsen, Anton / Chua, Yu Cheng / Ge, Zhengyu / Farrand, Kathryn J / Mamum, John C / Xu, Calvin / Cockburn, Ian A /
    Yui, Katsuyuki / Bertolino, Patrick / Gras, Stephanie / Le Nours, Jérôme / Rossjohn, Jamie / Fernandez-Ruiz, Daniel / McFadden, Geoffrey I / Ackerley, David F / Painter, Gavin F / Hermans, Ian F / Heath, William R

    Nature immunology

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 9, Page(s) 1487–1498

    Abstract: Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Following a mosquito bite, Plasmodium sporozoites migrate from skin to liver, where extensive replication occurs, emerging later as merozoites that can infect red blood cells ... ...

    Abstract Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Following a mosquito bite, Plasmodium sporozoites migrate from skin to liver, where extensive replication occurs, emerging later as merozoites that can infect red blood cells and cause symptoms of disease. As liver tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm cells) have recently been shown to control liver-stage infections, we embarked on a messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccine strategy to induce liver Trm cells to prevent malaria. Although a standard mRNA vaccine was unable to generate liver Trm or protect against challenge with Plasmodium berghei sporozoites in mice, addition of an agonist that recruits T cell help from type I natural killer T cells under mRNA-vaccination conditions resulted in significant generation of liver Trm cells and effective protection. Moreover, whereas previous exposure of mice to blood-stage infection impaired traditional vaccines based on attenuated sporozoites, mRNA vaccination was unaffected, underlining the potential for such a rational mRNA-based strategy in malaria-endemic regions.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Memory T Cells ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Liver ; Malaria Vaccines ; Plasmodium berghei/genetics ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
    Chemical Substances Malaria Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2016987-5
    ISSN 1529-2916 ; 1529-2908
    ISSN (online) 1529-2916
    ISSN 1529-2908
    DOI 10.1038/s41590-023-01562-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.MG 42: Show issues

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  7. Article ; Online: Glycolipid-peptide vaccination induces liver-resident memory CD8

    Holz, Lauren E / Chua, Yu Cheng / de Menezes, Maria N / Anderson, Regan J / Draper, Sarah L / Compton, Benjamin J / Chan, Susanna T S / Mathew, Juby / Li, Jasmine / Kedzierski, Lukasz / Wang, Zhongfang / Beattie, Lynette / Enders, Matthias H / Ghilas, Sonia / May, Rose / Steiner, Thiago M / Lange, Joshua / Fernandez-Ruiz, Daniel / Valencia-Hernandez, Ana Maria /
    Osmond, Taryn L / Farrand, Kathryn J / Seneviratna, Rebecca / Almeida, Catarina F / Tullett, Kirsteen M / Bertolino, Patrick / Bowen, David G / Cozijnsen, Anton / Mollard, Vanessa / McFadden, Geoffrey I / Caminschi, Irina / Lahoud, Mireille H / Kedzierska, Katherine / Turner, Stephen J / Godfrey, Dale I / Hermans, Ian F / Painter, Gavin F / Heath, William R

    Science immunology

    2020  Volume 5, Issue 48

    Abstract: Liver resident-memory ... ...

    Abstract Liver resident-memory CD8
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology ; Glycolipids/immunology ; Liver/immunology ; Liver/pathology ; Malaria/immunology ; Malaria/pathology ; Malaria Vaccines/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Peptides/immunology ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances Glycolipids ; Malaria Vaccines ; Peptides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2470-9468
    ISSN (online) 2470-9468
    DOI 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaz8035
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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