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  1. Article: Long time-series ecological niche modelling using archaeological settlement data: Tracing the origins of present-day landscape

    Demján, Peter / Dreslerová, Dagmar / Kolář, Jan / Chuman, Tomáš / Romportl, Dušan / Trnka, Miroslav / Lieskovský, Tibor

    Applied geography. 2022 Apr., v. 141

    2022  

    Abstract: Human activities have shaped the environment since long before the advent of agriculture and resulted in anthropogenic landscapes, which are sometimes perceived as natural, but are clearly shaped by dozens of previous generations. This study is the first ...

    Abstract Human activities have shaped the environment since long before the advent of agriculture and resulted in anthropogenic landscapes, which are sometimes perceived as natural, but are clearly shaped by dozens of previous generations. This study is the first to apply ecological niche modelling on a long time-series of archaeological data to illuminate the development of the landscape from the perspective of settlement behaviour and its dependence on environmental conditions. Using a large dataset of evidence of prehistoric settlement activities covering the area of the Czech Republic and spanning 6600 years from the beginning of agricultural prehistory, we analyse to what degree settlement was related to environmental parameters. We quantified the strength of this relation in terms of the predictive power of ecological niche models generated with the MaxEnt method. We observed a significant variability of settlement behaviour over time, but also landscape occupation, which has retained similar general characteristics to now. This shows that settlement strategies were remarkably stable and the presence of previous settlement was beneficial for subsequent land-use. Comparison of prehistoric settlement with contemporary landscape typology also points to a long-term legacy pre-dating historical periods, which makes the landscape our largest and most important heritage monument.
    Keywords archaeology ; data collection ; geography ; humans ; land use ; landscapes ; monuments ; niches ; occupations ; time series analysis ; Czech Republic
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-04
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0143-6228
    DOI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102669
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article: Modelling distribution of archaeological settlement evidence based on heterogeneous spatial and temporal data

    Demján, Peter / Dreslerová, Dagmar

    Journal of archaeological science. 2016 May, v. 69

    2016  

    Abstract: We analyse variations in prehistoric agricultural settlement behaviour both in space and time to detect main turning points and shifts in settlement patterns in Bohemia, western Czech Republic. We propose a theoretical framework to address our research ... ...

    Abstract We analyse variations in prehistoric agricultural settlement behaviour both in space and time to detect main turning points and shifts in settlement patterns in Bohemia, western Czech Republic. We propose a theoretical framework to address our research question and a new evidence density estimation (EDE) method combining and extending existing approaches to produce probabilistic maps and temporal frequency distribution (TFD) curves. This method takes into account heterogeneous spatial and temporal accuracy of archaeological data, and it models settlement structure where respective sites have a specific area and a given interval of duration. We determined minimal sampling densities of archaeological data enabling the method to predict prehistoric settlement at a statistically significant level. The EDE method is universally applicable for all datasets with sampling densities of more than 0.05 archaeological actions per km2 for chrono-typologically dated evidence and 0.035 actions per km2 for radiocarbon or similar dates. The results show that changes in spatial extent, density and clustering of settlement activities occur repeatedly throughout the whole agricultural prehistory and shed new light on settlement behaviour of past populations.
    Keywords archaeology ; data collection ; frequency distribution ; models ; space and time ; Czech Republic
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-05
    Size p. 100-109.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1468969-8
    ISSN 0305-4403
    ISSN 0305-4403
    DOI 10.1016/j.jas.2016.04.003
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Trends in cereal cultivation in the Czech Republic from the Neolithic to the Migration period (5500 B.C.–A.D. 580)

    Dreslerová, Dagmar / Kočár, Petr

    Vegetation history and archaeobotany. 2013 May, v. 22, no. 3

    2013  

    Abstract: This study summarises the current state of research on cultivated cereals from archaeological sites in the Czech Republic. We discuss the first appearances of particular cereals, their first proven cultivation (which usually happens much later) and their ...

    Abstract This study summarises the current state of research on cultivated cereals from archaeological sites in the Czech Republic. We discuss the first appearances of particular cereals, their first proven cultivation (which usually happens much later) and their part within cereal husbandry. The questions of possible contamination of archaeobotanical material and problems concerning the identification of some cereal taxa are related to this topic. Trends in the importance of the cultivation of individual cereals are shown with generalized linear models (GLMs), based on an assemblage of 81 newly sampled sites. The results of GLM enable the division of the cereals into four groups characterised by: (1) species showing a gradual decrease in importance—Triticum monococcum (einkorn) and T. dicoccum (emmer), (2) species with progressively accumulating representation on sites during prehistory—Hordeum vulgare (common barley) and T. spelta (spelt), (3) those with a marked increase by the end of prehistory—T. aestivum/turgidum (naked wheat), Avena sp. (oats) and Secale cereale, (rye) and (4) a specific group including only Panicum miliaceum (broomcorn millet). There is a gradual increase in the diversity of cultivated cereals through time, starting with T. monococcum and T. dicoccum, followed by Hordeum, Panicum, T. spelta and T. aestivum/turgidum, Secale and Avena. Comparison of the chronological development of cereal cultivation in the area of the Czech Republic and surrounding countries shows a general correspondence with the trends observed in other parts of eastern-central Europe, although with some local specific differences.
    Keywords Hordeum vulgare ; Panicum miliaceum ; Secale cereale ; Triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum ; barley ; linear models ; millets ; oats ; rye ; wheat ; Czech Republic
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-05
    Size p. 257-268.
    Publishing place Springer-Verlag
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1481434-1
    ISSN 1617-6278 ; 0939-6314
    ISSN (online) 1617-6278
    ISSN 0939-6314
    DOI 10.1007/s00334-012-0377-8
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Seeking the meaning of a unique mountain site through a multidisciplinary approach. The Late La Tène site at Sklářské Valley, Šumava Mountains, Czech Republic

    Dreslerová, Dagmar / Kozáková, Radka / Metlička, Milan / Brychová, Veronika / Bobek, Přemysl / Čišecký, Čeněk / Demján, Peter / Lisá, Lenka / Pokorná, Adéla / Michálek, Jan / Strouhalová, Barbora / Trubač, Jakub

    Quaternary international. 2020 Mar. 07,

    2020  

    Abstract: This paper deals with an attempt to understand the meaning of a unique, small and isolated La Tène mountain site, discovered by chance in the forested part of the Šumava National Park, Šumava Mts., Czech Republic, using available archaeological and ... ...

    Abstract This paper deals with an attempt to understand the meaning of a unique, small and isolated La Tène mountain site, discovered by chance in the forested part of the Šumava National Park, Šumava Mts., Czech Republic, using available archaeological and environmental methods. The activities of a person/small group of people took place repeatedly in an area ca. 20 × 20 m on a small platform above a distinct river meander between ca. 300 and 90 BC. Radiocarbon dating of lipids from the pottery fragment supports its typological dating, and it is in accordance with 14C data from plant macro-remains. Some 500 pottery fragments, charcoal, plant macro-remains, soil chemistry and vegetation changes observable in an adjacent pollen profile provide evidence of unspecifiable human activity which caused a small-scale clearance of the closed canopy forest. The ‘pottery’ phase of the site was preceded by around 100 years of activity which left only traces of fire and the preparation of cereals and pulses for cooking. Lipid residue analysis of pottery vessels revealed the processing of animal carcass products, mostly ruminants. The detection of heating biomarkers confirmed that some of the original pots were heated at temperatures above 300 °C. Considering the nature of the site, the cooked or roasted meat probably reached the site already potted. The idea of food being brought in was supported by the finding of a vessel containing plant lipids derived from either olive or hazelnut oil. The analysis of all known data shows that this secluded site was not an ordinary settlement, or a hunting or prospector's camp, but must have had some other meaning, such as a road-worker camp on a long distance trade route, a guardhouse, or perhaps a hermitage.
    Keywords anthropogenic activities ; archaeology ; biomarkers ; canopy ; carbon 14 ; charcoal ; cooking ; forests ; grains ; hazelnut oil ; heat ; lipids ; meat ; mountains ; national parks ; olives ; pollen ; radiocarbon dating ; rivers ; ruminants ; soil chemistry ; temperature ; Czech Republic
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0307
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ISSN 1040-6182
    DOI 10.1016/j.quaint.2020.03.013
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: The place of Slovakian paternal diversity in the clinal European landscape.

    Nováčková, Jana / Dreslerová, Dagmar / Černý, Viktor / Poloni, Estella S

    Annals of human biology

    2015  Volume 42, Issue 6, Page(s) 511–522

    Abstract: Background: Several demographic events have been postulated to explain the contemporaneous structure of European genetic diversity. First, an initial settlement of the continent by anatomically modern humans; second, the re-settlement of northern ... ...

    Abstract Background: Several demographic events have been postulated to explain the contemporaneous structure of European genetic diversity. First, an initial settlement of the continent by anatomically modern humans; second, the re-settlement of northern latitudes after the Last Glacial Maximum; third, the demic diffusion of Neolithic farmers from the Near East; and, fourth, several historical events such as the Slavic migration.
    Aim: The aim of this study was to provide a more integrated picture of male-specific genetic relationships of Slovakia within the broader pan-European genetic landscape.
    Subjects and methods: This study analysed a new Y-chromosome data-set (156 individuals) for both SNP and STR polymorphisms in population samples from five different Slovakian localities.
    Results: It was found that the male diversity of Slovakia is embedded in the clinal pattern of the major R1a and R1b clades extending over the continent and a similar pattern of population structure is found with Y-specific SNP or STR variation.
    Conclusion: The highly significant correlation between the results based on fast evolving STRs on one hand and slow evolving SNPs on the other hand suggests a recent timeframe for the settlement of the area.
    MeSH term(s) Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Phylogeography ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Slovakia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 186656-4
    ISSN 1464-5033 ; 0301-4460
    ISSN (online) 1464-5033
    ISSN 0301-4460
    DOI 10.3109/03014460.2014.974668
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Variety in cereal cultivation in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in relation to environmental conditions

    Dreslerová, Dagmar / Kočár, Petr / Chuman, Tomáš / Šefrna, Luděk / Poništiak, Štefan

    Journal of archaeological science. 2013 Apr., v. 40, no. 4

    2013  

    Abstract: The objective of this paper is to assess the relationship between the cereals cultivated in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages (ca. 1250–400 BC) within the area of the present-day Czech Republic, and their environmental settings. The various charred ... ...

    Abstract The objective of this paper is to assess the relationship between the cereals cultivated in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages (ca. 1250–400 BC) within the area of the present-day Czech Republic, and their environmental settings. The various charred caryopses of cereal species represented in the archaeobotanical assemblages from 35 archaeological sites differ, especially in the proportion of wheat and barley. The cereal assemblages were compared regarding site altitude, weather conditions, soils and soil productivity. The most important environmental variable influencing the choice of a particular crop seemed to be altitude which is correlated with other variables such as the length of growing season, mean annual temperature, soil quality etc. Although the ecological requirements of cereals cultivated in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages are not known, they presumably thrived under similar conditions to present-day species/varieties, and the strategy of past crop husbandry was based on similar principles as today, e.g. flexible adaptation to local environmental conditions, in an effort to achieve optimal yields and reduce the danger of crop failure.
    Keywords altitude ; archaeobotany ; barley ; fruits ; growing season ; plant cultural practices ; soil ; soil productivity ; soil quality ; temperature ; weather ; wheat ; Czech Republic
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-04
    Size p. 1988-2000.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1468969-8
    ISSN 0305-4403
    ISSN 0305-4403
    DOI 10.1016/j.jas.2012.12.010
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Book: A late Hallstatt settlement in Bohemia

    Dreslerová, Dagmar

    Excavation at Jenstejn

    1995  

    Author's details Dagmar Dreslerová
    Language Czech
    Size V, 140 S., zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Institute of Archaeology
    Publishing place Praha
    Document type Book
    ISBN 8090102697 ; 9788090102699
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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  8. Article ; Online: New AMS

    Filipović, Dragana / Meadows, John / Corso, Marta Dal / Kirleis, Wiebke / Alsleben, Almuth / Akeret, Örni / Bittmann, Felix / Bosi, Giovanna / Ciută, Beatrice / Dreslerová, Dagmar / Effenberger, Henrike / Gyulai, Ferenc / Heiss, Andreas G / Hellmund, Monika / Jahns, Susanne / Jakobitsch, Thorsten / Kapcia, Magda / Klooß, Stefanie / Kohler-Schneider, Marianne /
    Kroll, Helmut / Makarowicz, Przemysław / Marinova, Elena / Märkle, Tanja / Medović, Aleksandar / Mercuri, Anna Maria / Mueller-Bieniek, Aldona / Nisbet, Renato / Pashkevich, Galina / Perego, Renata / Pokorný, Petr / Pospieszny, Łukasz / Przybyła, Marcin / Reed, Kelly / Rennwanz, Joanna / Stika, Hans-Peter / Stobbe, Astrid / Tolar, Tjaša / Wasylikowa, Krystyna / Wiethold, Julian / Zerl, Tanja

    Scientific reports

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 13698

    Abstract: Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is not one of the founder crops domesticated in Southwest Asia in the early Holocene, but was domesticated in northeast China by 6000 BC. In Europe, millet was reported in Early Neolithic contexts formed by 6000 BC, ...

    Abstract Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is not one of the founder crops domesticated in Southwest Asia in the early Holocene, but was domesticated in northeast China by 6000 BC. In Europe, millet was reported in Early Neolithic contexts formed by 6000 BC, but recent radiocarbon dating of a dozen 'early' grains cast doubt on these claims. Archaeobotanical evidence reveals that millet was common in Europe from the 2nd millennium BC, when major societal and economic transformations took place in the Bronze Age. We conducted an extensive programme of AMS-dating of charred broomcorn millet grains from 75 prehistoric sites in Europe. Our Bayesian model reveals that millet cultivation began in Europe at the earliest during the sixteenth century BC, and spread rapidly during the fifteenth/fourteenth centuries BC. Broomcorn millet succeeds in exceptionally wide range of growing conditions and completes its lifecycle in less than three summer months. Offering an additional harvest and thus surplus food/fodder, it likely was a transformative innovation in European prehistoric agriculture previously based mainly on (winter) cropping of wheat and barley. We provide a new, high-resolution chronological framework for this key agricultural development that likely contributed to far-reaching changes in lifestyle in late 2nd millennium BC Europe.
    MeSH term(s) Agriculture/history ; Archaeology ; Crops, Agricultural/growth & development ; Crops, Agricultural/history ; Domestication ; Europe ; History, Ancient ; Panicum/growth & development ; Radiometric Dating
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-70495-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Mapping past human land use using archaeological data: A new classification for global land use synthesis and data harmonization.

    Morrison, Kathleen D / Hammer, Emily / Boles, Oliver / Madella, Marco / Whitehouse, Nicola / Gaillard, Marie-Jose / Bates, Jennifer / Vander Linden, Marc / Merlo, Stefania / Yao, Alice / Popova, Laura / Hill, Austin Chad / Antolin, Ferran / Bauer, Andrew / Biagetti, Stefano / Bishop, Rosie R / Buckland, Phillip / Cruz, Pablo / Dreslerová, Dagmar /
    Dusseldorp, Gerrit / Ellis, Erle / Filipovic, Dragana / Foster, Thomas / Hannaford, Matthew J / Harrison, Sandy P / Hazarika, Manjil / Herold, Hajnalka / Hilpert, Johanna / Kaplan, Jed O / Kay, Andrea / Klein Goldewijk, Kees / Kolář, Jan / Kyazike, Elizabeth / Laabs, Julian / Lancelotti, Carla / Lane, Paul / Lawrence, Dan / Lewis, Krista / Lombardo, Umberto / Lucarini, Giulio / Arroyo-Kalin, Manuel / Marchant, Rob / Mayle, Francis / McClatchie, Meriel / McLeester, Madeleine / Mooney, Scott / Moskal-Del Hoyo, Magdalena / Navarrete, Vanessa / Ndiema, Emmanuel / Góes Neves, Eduardo / Nowak, Marek / Out, Welmoed A / Petrie, Cameron / Phelps, Leanne N / Pinke, Zsolt / Rostain, Stéphen / Russell, Thembi / Sluyter, Andrew / Styring, Amy K / Tamanaha, Eduardo / Thomas, Evert / Veerasamy, Selvakumar / Welton, Lynn / Zanon, Marco

    PloS one

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) e0246662

    Abstract: In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover ... ...

    Abstract In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover change influenced regional and global climate. However, the representation of past land use in earth system models is currently oversimplified. As a result, there are large uncertainties in the current understanding of the past and current state of the earth system. In order to improve representation of the variety and scale of impacts that past land use had on the earth system, a global effort is underway to aggregate and synthesize archaeological and historical evidence of land use systems. Here we present a simple, hierarchical classification of land use systems designed to be used with archaeological and historical data at a global scale and a schema of codes that identify land use practices common to a range of systems, both implemented in a geospatial database. The classification scheme and database resulted from an extensive process of consultation with researchers worldwide. Our scheme is designed to deliver consistent, empirically robust data for the improvement of land use models, while simultaneously allowing for a comparative, detailed mapping of land use relevant to the needs of historical scholars. To illustrate the benefits of the classification scheme and methods for mapping historical land use, we apply it to Mesopotamia and Arabia at 6 kya (c. 4000 BCE). The scheme will be used to describe land use by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) LandCover6k working group, an international project comprised of archaeologists, historians, geographers, paleoecologists, and modelers. Beyond this, the scheme has a wide utility for creating a common language between research and policy communities, linking archaeologists with climate modelers, biodiversity conservation workers and initiatives.
    MeSH term(s) Arabia ; Archaeology ; Biodiversity ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Data Management ; Earth, Planet ; Ecosystem ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Mesopotamia ; Natural Resources
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0246662
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Mapping past human land use using archaeological data

    Morrison, Kathleen D. / Hammer, Emily / Boles, Oliver / Madella, Marco / Whitehouse, Nicola / Gaillard, Marie-Jose / Bates, Jennifer / Vander Linden, Marc / Merlo, Stefania / Yao, Alice / Popova, Laura / Chad Hill, Austin / Antolin, Ferran / Bauer, Andrew / Biagetti, Stefano / Bishop, Rosie R. / Buckland, Phillip / Cruz, Pablo / Dreslerova, Dagmar /
    Dusseldorp, Gerrit / Ellis, Erle / Dragana, Filipovic / Foster, Thomas / Hannaford, Matthew J. / Harrison, Sandy P. / Hazarika, Manjil / Herold, Hajnalka / Hilpert, Johanna / Kaplan, Jed O. / Kay, Andrea / Goldewijk, Kees Klein / Kolář, Jan / Kyazike, Elizabeth / Laabs, Julian / Lancelotti, Carla / Lane, Paul / Lawrence, Dan / Lewis, Krista / Lombardo, Umberto / Lucarini, Giulio / Arroyo-Kalin, Manuel / Marchant, Rob / Mayle, Francis / McClatchie, Meriel / McLeester, Madeleine / Mooney, Scott / Moskal-del Hoyo, Magdalena / Navarrete, Vanessa / Ndiema, Emmanuel / Neves, Eduardo Goes / Nowak, Marek / Out, Welmoed A. / Petrie, Cameron / Phelps, Leanne N. / Pinke, Zsolt / Rostain, Stephen / Russell, Thembi / Sluyter, Andrew / Styring, Amy K. / Tamanaha, Eduardo / Thomas, Evert / Veerasamy, Selvakumar / Welton, Lynn / Zanon, Marco

    PLoS ONE

    A new classification for global land use synthesis and data harmonization

    2021  

    Abstract: In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover ... ...

    Abstract In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover change influenced regional and global climate. However, the representation of past land use in earth system models is currently oversimplified. As a result, there are large uncertainties in the current understanding of the past and current state of the earth system. In order to improve repre- sentation of the variety and scale of impacts that past land use had on the earth system, a global effort is underway to aggregate and synthesize archaeological and historical evi- dence of land use systems. Here we present a simple, hierarchical classification of land use systems designed to be used with archaeological and historical data at a global scale and a schema of codes that identify land use practices common to a range of systems, both imple- mented in a geospatial database. The classification scheme and database resulted from an extensive process of consultation with researchers worldwide. Our scheme is designed to deliver consistent, empirically robust data for the improvement of land use models, while simultaneously allowing for a comparative, detailed mapping of land use relevant to the needs of historical scholars. To illustrate the benefits of the classification scheme and meth- ods for mapping historical land use, we apply it to Mesopotamia and Arabia at 6 kya (c. 4000 BCE). The scheme will be used to describe land use by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) LandCover6k working group, an international project comprised of archaeologists, historians, geographers, paleoecologists, and modelers. Beyond this, the scheme has a wide utility for creating a common language between research and policy communities, link- ing archaeologists with climate modelers, biodiversity conservation workers and initiatives.
    Keywords land management ; land use mapping ; classification systems ; data collection ; ordenación de tierras ; cartografía del uso de la tierra ; sistema de clasificación
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-03T12:54:59Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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