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Article: Causes of adult mortality in two populations of New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri)

Lenting, B / Gartrell, B / Kokosinska, A / Duignan, P.J / Michael, S / Hunter, S / Roe, W.D

Veterinary and Animal Science. 2019 June, v. 7

2019

Abstract: The New Zealand sea lion is an endangered species endemic to New Zealand. While causes of death are well described for pups of this species, mortality in adults is poorly characterised. This study investigated causes of death in 136 New Zealand sea lions ...

Abstract	The New Zealand sea lion is an endangered species endemic to New Zealand. While causes of death are well described for pups of this species, mortality in adults is poorly characterised. This study investigated causes of death in 136 New Zealand sea lions in two different populations: a major breeding site on remote, uninhabited Enderby Island in the sub-Antarctic, and a slowly increasing recolonising population on the inhabited mainland. For animals with at least a partial diagnostic investigation (n = 112), the most frequently diagnosed causes of mortality were infectious disease (41/112; 37%), particularly tuberculosis due to M. pinnipedii (20/112; 18%), and conspecific trauma (27/112; 24%). Anthropogenic trauma was an important cause of death in mainland sea lions (9/33; 26%). Deliberate anthropogenic mortality has previously been identified as the greatest potential threat to population recovery for mainland sea lions, and as human and pinniped populations increase, managing interactions between these species will become increasingly important.
Keywords	Phocarctos hookeri ; adults ; breeding sites ; death ; endangered species ; humans ; mortality ; pups ; tuberculosis ; New Zealand
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-06
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	2451-943X
DOI	10.1016/j.vas.2019.100057
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Causes of adult mortality in two populations of New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri).

Lenting, B / Gartrell, B / Kokosinska, A / Duignan, P J / Michael, S / Hunter, S / Roe, W D

Veterinary and animal science

2019 Volume 7, Page(s) 100057

Abstract	The New Zealand sea lion is an endangered species endemic to New Zealand. While causes of death are well described for pups of this species, mortality in adults is poorly characterised. This study investigated causes of death in 136 New Zealand sea lions in two different populations: a major breeding site on remote, uninhabited Enderby Island in the sub-Antarctic, and a slowly increasing recolonising population on the inhabited mainland. For animals with at least a partial diagnostic investigation (
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2451-943X
ISSN	2451-943X
DOI	10.1016/j.vas.2019.100057
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Article: Invasive species and their parasites: eastern cottontail rabbit Sylvilagus floridanus and Trichostrongylus affinis (Graybill, 1924) from Northwestern Italy

Tizzani, P / Catalano, S / Rossi, L / Duignan, P. J / Meneguz, P. G

Parasitology research. 2014 Apr., v. 113, no. 4

2014

Abstract: The eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus is a native American lagomorph. Within the genus Sylvilagus, the eastern cottontail is the species with the widest distribution. From 1950s, the species was introduced to several European countries. A rapid ... ...

Abstract	The eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus is a native American lagomorph. Within the genus Sylvilagus, the eastern cottontail is the species with the widest distribution. From 1950s, the species was introduced to several European countries. A rapid territorial expansion of the introduced eastern cottontails has been observed in many areas of Italy. The eastern cottontail has been demonstrated to play a main role as carrier of exotic parasites. To date, three nematode species, exotic in Italian ecosystems, have been reported from introduced S. floridanus. However, its parasite fauna biodiversity is richer in native populations of the American continent. The aim of this work was to further investigate the gastrointestinal parasites of S. floridanus, to evaluate the potential presence of other exotic species. During 2010, 101 hosts were examined, and three nematodes were collected from their digestive tract. Two parasite species (Obeliscoides cuniculi, Trichostrongylus calcaratus) were already reported in Italy; the isolation of Trichostrongylus affinis is instead the first report of this nematode in Italy and in Europe as a whole. This study wants to highlight the great risks related to the introduction of allochthonous species. The impact of the invasion by alien animal species may be particularly severe for public and animal health, due to the potential introduction of new pathogens. The good number of exotic parasites found in introduced eastern cottontails, together with the few sanitary surveys carried out, suggests that an epidemiological survey, with specimens from multiple localities on a wider geographic range, could lead to interesting findings on parasites of native and alien lagomorphs in Europe.
Keywords	Sylvilagus floridanus ; Trichostrongylus ; animal health ; biodiversity ; digestive tract ; ecosystems ; fauna ; gastrointestinal system ; hosts ; introduced species ; invasive species ; parasites ; pathogens ; rabbits ; risk ; surveys ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-04
Size	p. 1301-1303.
Publishing place	Springer-Verlag
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	284966-5
ISSN	1432-1955 ; 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
ISSN (online)	1432-1955
ISSN	0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
DOI	10.1007/s00436-014-3768-1
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Article ; Online: Assessment of the gastrointestinal helminth fauna of mountain hares (Lepus timidus varronis) from the northwestern Italian Alps, with new records of parasite occurrence.

Tizzani, P / Catalano, S / Rossi, L / Duignan, P J / Menzano, A / Meneguz, P G

Journal of wildlife diseases

2014 Volume 50, Issue 2, Page(s) 402–404

Abstract: We describe the gastrointestinal parasite community of Lepus timidus varronis, a subspecies of the mountain hare (L. timidus) living in the Alps. Two nematode species are reported for the first time in L. timidus. ...

Abstract	We describe the gastrointestinal parasite community of Lepus timidus varronis, a subspecies of the mountain hare (L. timidus) living in the Alps. Two nematode species are reported for the first time in L. timidus.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/parasitology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/veterinary ; Hares ; Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology ; Helminthiasis, Animal/parasitology ; Helminths/classification ; Italy/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	410709-3
ISSN	1943-3700 ; 0090-3558
ISSN (online)	1943-3700
ISSN	0090-3558
DOI	10.7589/2012-02-052
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Article ; Online: Invasive species and their parasites: eastern cottontail rabbit Sylvilagus floridanus and Trichostrongylus affinis (Graybill, 1924) from Northwestern Italy.

Tizzani, P / Catalano, S / Rossi, L / Duignan, P J / Meneguz, P G

Parasitology research

2014 Volume 113, Issue 4, Page(s) 1301–1303

Abstract	The eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus is a native American lagomorph. Within the genus Sylvilagus, the eastern cottontail is the species with the widest distribution. From 1950s, the species was introduced to several European countries. A rapid territorial expansion of the introduced eastern cottontails has been observed in many areas of Italy. The eastern cottontail has been demonstrated to play a main role as carrier of exotic parasites. To date, three nematode species, exotic in Italian ecosystems, have been reported from introduced S. floridanus. However, its parasite fauna biodiversity is richer in native populations of the American continent. The aim of this work was to further investigate the gastrointestinal parasites of S. floridanus, to evaluate the potential presence of other exotic species. During 2010, 101 hosts were examined, and three nematodes were collected from their digestive tract. Two parasite species (Obeliscoides cuniculi, Trichostrongylus calcaratus) were already reported in Italy; the isolation of Trichostrongylus affinis is instead the first report of this nematode in Italy and in Europe as a whole. This study wants to highlight the great risks related to the introduction of allochthonous species. The impact of the invasion by alien animal species may be particularly severe for public and animal health, due to the potential introduction of new pathogens. The good number of exotic parasites found in introduced eastern cottontails, together with the few sanitary surveys carried out, suggests that an epidemiological survey, with specimens from multiple localities on a wider geographic range, could lead to interesting findings on parasites of native and alien lagomorphs in Europe.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary ; Introduced Species ; Italy ; Male ; Rabbits/parasitology ; Trichostrongylosis/veterinary ; Trichostrongylus/anatomy & histology ; Trichostrongylus/isolation & purification
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-31
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	284966-5
ISSN	1432-1955 ; 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
ISSN (online)	1432-1955
ISSN	0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
DOI	10.1007/s00436-014-3768-1
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Article ; Online: Pericardial myxoid liposarcoma in a common eland (Taurotragus oryx).

Foster, A P / Johnston, P E / Duignan, P J / Schock, A

Journal of comparative pathology

2011 Volume 145, Issue 1, Page(s) 103–106

Abstract: A pericardial myxoid liposarcoma was diagnosed in a common eland (Taurotragus oryx) based on gross, microscopical and immunohistochemical findings. The pericardial and epicardial tissues were soft and uniformly thickened. Microscopically, the neoplastic ... ...

Abstract	A pericardial myxoid liposarcoma was diagnosed in a common eland (Taurotragus oryx) based on gross, microscopical and immunohistochemical findings. The pericardial and epicardial tissues were soft and uniformly thickened. Microscopically, the neoplastic mass consisted of stellate cells embedded in a myxoid matrix. These cells contained cytoplasmic vacuoles stained by oil red O. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the neoplastic cells to express vimentin and S-100.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liposarcoma, Myxoid/metabolism ; Liposarcoma, Myxoid/pathology ; Liposarcoma, Myxoid/veterinary ; Pericardium/pathology ; Ruminants
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	390920-7
ISSN	1532-3129 ; 0021-9975
ISSN (online)	1532-3129
ISSN	0021-9975
DOI	10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.11.015
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Article: Pericardial Myxoid Liposarcoma in a Common Eland (Taurotragus oryx)

Foster, A.P / Johnston, P.E / Duignan, P.J / Schock, A

Journal of comparative pathology. 2011 July, v. 145, no. 1

2011

Abstract	A pericardial myxoid liposarcoma was diagnosed in a common eland (Taurotragus oryx) based on gross, microscopical and immunohistochemical findings. The pericardial and epicardial tissues were soft and uniformly thickened. Microscopically, the neoplastic mass consisted of stellate cells embedded in a myxoid matrix. These cells contained cytoplasmic vacuoles stained by oil red O. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the neoplastic cells to express vimentin and S-100.
Keywords	Tragelaphus oryx ; immunohistochemistry ; oils ; pericardium ; vacuoles
Language	English
Dates of publication	2011-07
Size	p. 103-106.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	390920-7
ISSN	1532-3129 ; 0021-9975
ISSN (online)	1532-3129
ISSN	0021-9975
DOI	10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.11.015
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Article: An evaluation of hot-iron branding as a permanent marking method for adult New Zealand sea lions, Phocarctos hookeri

Wilkinson, I.S / Chilvers, B.L / Duignan, P.J / Pistorius, P.A

Wildlife research. 2011, v. 38, no. 1

2011

Abstract: Context Studies of the population and behavioural ecology of pinnipeds require the ability to identify individuals over periods ranging from a single season to an entire lifetime. Aims The aims of this research were to examine the efficacy of hot-iron ... ...

Abstract	Context Studies of the population and behavioural ecology of pinnipeds require the ability to identify individuals over periods ranging from a single season to an entire lifetime. Aims The aims of this research were to examine the efficacy of hot-iron branding as a permanent marking technique including the legibility of marks over time and comparing estimates of survival for animals marked with brands versus flipper tags. Methods Adult female New Zealand sea lions (n=135) aged between 4 and 24 years of age were hot-iron branded with four-digit numbers during the austral summer of 2000. Key results Ten years on, 100% of animals still alive could be identified from these brands. Over the 10-year research period, it was observed that the skin of fully healed individual brands could, on occasion, become lacerated due to injuries received from shark bites and/or bites from other sea lions, removing or temporarily reducing the legibility of single characters of some brands. However, these animals were still identifiable when all digits were considered - and scars could become an identifying mark in their own right. Key conclusions Survival estimates derived from branded versus tagged-only individuals were similar, although the variance associated with tagged-only survival estimates was higher, giving less robust estimates. This is likely a result of higher resight probabilities observed for branded individuals. Resighting of tags requires a close approach with a high associated level of disturbance to both the marked animal and those associated with it, especially when considered over the lifetime of the animal, while brands can be read from a considerable distance with little or no disturbance. Implications Thus, hot-iron branding can be an effective method for permanently identifying sea lions that provides robust parameter estimates, causes low disturbance in the resighting process, and does not compromise survival.
Keywords	Otariidae ; adults ; branding ; ecology ; sharks ; summer ; variance ; New Zealand
Language	English
Size	p. 51-60.
Publishing place	Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1070380-9
ISSN	1035-3712
ISSN	1035-3712
DOI	10.1071/WR10077
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Article ; Online: Outbreaks of sarcoptic mange in free-ranging koala populations in Victoria and South Australia: a case series.

Speight, K N / Whiteley, P L / Woolford, L / Duignan, P J / Bacci, B / Lathe, S / Boardman, W / Scheelings, T F / Funnell, O / Underwood, G / Stevenson, M A

Australian veterinary journal

2017 Volume 95, Issue 7, Page(s) 244–249

Abstract: Objective: To describe outbreaks of sarcoptic mange caused by Sarcoptes scabiei in free-ranging koalas in Victoria (December 2008 to November 2015) and South Australia (October 2011 to September 2014).: Methods: Koalas affected by mange-like lesions ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To describe outbreaks of sarcoptic mange caused by Sarcoptes scabiei in free-ranging koalas in Victoria (December 2008 to November 2015) and South Australia (October 2011 to September 2014). Methods: Koalas affected by mange-like lesions were reported by wildlife carers, veterinary practitioners or State Government personnel to the Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences at The University of Melbourne and the School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences at The University of Adelaide. Skin scrapings were taken from live and dead koalas and S. scabiei mites were identified. Tissues from necropsied koalas were examined histologically. Results: Outbreaks of sarcoptic mange were found to occur in koalas from both Victoria (n = 29) and South Australia (n = 29) for the first time. The gross pathological and histopathological changes are described. Conclusion: We present the first reported cases of sarcoptic mange outbreaks in free-ranging koalas.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	41542-x
ISSN	1751-0813 ; 0005-0423
ISSN (online)	1751-0813
ISSN	0005-0423
DOI	10.1111/avj.12598
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Article: Effects of hookworms (Uncinaria sp.) on the early growth and survival of New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) pups

Chilvers, B. L / Duignan, P. J / Robertson, B. C / Castinel, A / Wilkinson, I. S

Polar biology. 2009 Feb., v. 32, no. 2

2009

Abstract: Parasites can have both direct and indirect impacts on organisms through changes in health, growth, reproductive success, behaviour and survival. This research investigates the effects of hookworms (Uncinaria sp.) on the growth and mortality of New ... ...

Abstract	Parasites can have both direct and indirect impacts on organisms through changes in health, growth, reproductive success, behaviour and survival. This research investigates the effects of hookworms (Uncinaria sp.) on the growth and mortality of New Zealand sea lion (NZ sea lion, Phocarctos hookeri) pups between birth and 3 months of age. NZ sea lion pups that received ivermectin treatment to reduce their hookworm burden had higher growth rates. Hookworm infection had no significant effect on mortality rate except when overall mortality was high during epidemics caused by other pathogens. Understanding the impacts of parasites on wild populations of pinnipeds is important for the management of the species, particularly when the species is threatened, as is the case for the NZ sea lion. There are at least two reasons for this: first, to quantify the impact of the parasite on parameters of population dynamics such as offspring survival and, as a consequence, female reproductive output; and second, to gain sufficient knowledge of the host/parasite dynamics to allow the balance to be manipulated in favour of the host should this be required for conservation management.
Language	English
Dates of publication	2009-02
Size	p. 295-302.
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publishing place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1478942-5
ISSN	1432-2056 ; 0722-4060
ISSN (online)	1432-2056
ISSN	0722-4060
DOI	10.1007/s00300-008-0559-0
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