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Article ; Online: Phenotyping Complex Plant Structures with a Large Format Industrial Scale High-Resolution X-Ray Tomography Instrument.

Duncan, Keith E / Topp, Christopher N

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2022 Volume 2539, Page(s) 119–132

Abstract: Phenotyping specific plant traits is difficult when the samples to be measured are architecturally complex. Inflorescence and root system traits are of great biological interest, but these structures present unique phenotyping challenges due to their ... ...

Abstract	Phenotyping specific plant traits is difficult when the samples to be measured are architecturally complex. Inflorescence and root system traits are of great biological interest, but these structures present unique phenotyping challenges due to their often complicated and three-dimensional (3D) forms. We describe how a large industrial scale X-ray tomography (XRT) instrument can be used to scan architecturally complex plant structures for the goal of rapid and accurate measurement of traits that are otherwise cumbersome or not possible to capture by other means. The combination of a large imaging cabinet that can accommodate a wide range of sample size geometries and a variable microfocus reflection X-ray source allows noninvasive X-ray imaging and 3D volume generation of diverse sample types. Specific sample fixturing (mounting) and scanning conditions are presented. These techniques can be moderate to high throughput and still provide unprecedented levels of accuracy and information content in the 3D volume data they generate.
MeSH term(s)	Inflorescence ; Phenotype ; Plants ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; X-Rays
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-0716-2537-8_12
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Realizing the Full Potential of Advanced Microscopy Approaches for Interrogating Plant-Microbe Interactions

Czymmek, Kirk J. / Duncan, Keith E. / Berg, Howard

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 2023 Apr., v. 36, no. 4 p.245-255

2023

Abstract: Microscopy has served as a fundamental tool for insight and discovery in plant-microbe interactions for centuries. From classical light and electron microscopy to corresponding specialized methods for sample preparation and cellular contrasting agents, ... ...

Abstract	Microscopy has served as a fundamental tool for insight and discovery in plant-microbe interactions for centuries. From classical light and electron microscopy to corresponding specialized methods for sample preparation and cellular contrasting agents, these approaches have become routine components in the toolkit of plant and microbiology scientists alike to visualize, probe and understand the nature of host-microbe relationships. Over the last three decades, three-dimensional perspectives led by the development of electron tomography, and especially, confocal techniques continue to provide remarkable clarity and spatial detail of tissue and cellular phenomena. Confocal and electron microscopy provide novel revelations that are now commonplace in medium and large institutions. However, many other cutting-edge technologies and sample preparation workflows are relatively unexploited yet offer tremendous potential for unprecedented advancement in our understanding of the inner workings of pathogenic, beneficial, and symbiotic plant-microbe interactions. Here, we highlight key applications, benefits, and challenges of contemporary advanced imaging platforms for plant-microbe systems with special emphasis on several recently developed approaches, such as light-sheet, single molecule, super-resolution, and adaptive optics microscopy, as well as ambient and cryo-volume electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy, and cryo-electron tomography. Furthermore, the potential for complementary sample preparation methodologies, such as optical clearing, expansion microscopy, and multiplex imaging, will be reviewed. Our ultimate goal is to stimulate awareness of these powerful cutting-edge technologies and facilitate their appropriate application and adoption to solve important and unresolved biological questions in the field. Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
Keywords	X-radiation ; electron microscopy ; microbiology ; optics ; tomography ; adaptive optics ; confocal microscopy ; electron tomography ; light-sheet microscopy ; serial block-face scanning electron microscopy ; super-resolution microscopy ; synchrotron ; X-ray microscopy ; X-ray tomography
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-04
Size	p. 245-255.
Publishing place	The American Phytopathological Society
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	743331-1
ISSN	1943-7706 ; 0894-0282
ISSN (online)	1943-7706
ISSN	0894-0282
DOI	10.1094/MPMI-10-22-0208-FI
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Realizing the Full Potential of Advanced Microscopy Approaches for Interrogating Plant-Microbe Interactions.

Czymmek, Kirk J / Duncan, Keith E / Berg, Howard

Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI

2023 Volume 36, Issue 4, Page(s) 245–255

Abstract	Microscopy has served as a fundamental tool for insight and discovery in plant-microbe interactions for centuries. From classical light and electron microscopy to corresponding specialized methods for sample preparation and cellular contrasting agents, these approaches have become routine components in the toolkit of plant and microbiology scientists alike to visualize, probe and understand the nature of host-microbe relationships. Over the last three decades, three-dimensional perspectives led by the development of electron tomography, and especially, confocal techniques continue to provide remarkable clarity and spatial detail of tissue and cellular phenomena. Confocal and electron microscopy provide novel revelations that are now commonplace in medium and large institutions. However, many other cutting-edge technologies and sample preparation workflows are relatively unexploited yet offer tremendous potential for unprecedented advancement in our understanding of the inner workings of pathogenic, beneficial, and symbiotic plant-microbe interactions. Here, we highlight key applications, benefits, and challenges of contemporary advanced imaging platforms for plant-microbe systems with special emphasis on several recently developed approaches, such as light-sheet, single molecule, super-resolution, and adaptive optics microscopy, as well as ambient and cryo-volume electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy, and cryo-electron tomography. Furthermore, the potential for complementary sample preparation methodologies, such as optical clearing, expansion microscopy, and multiplex imaging, will be reviewed. Our ultimate goal is to stimulate awareness of these powerful cutting-edge technologies and facilitate their appropriate application and adoption to solve important and unresolved biological questions in the field. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
MeSH term(s)	Cryoelectron Microscopy/methods ; Host Microbial Interactions/physiology ; Plants/microbiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	743331-1
ISSN	1943-7706 ; 0894-0282
ISSN (online)	1943-7706
ISSN	0894-0282
DOI	10.1094/MPMI-10-22-0208-FI
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Article ; Online: Right prefrontal activation associated with deviations from expected lipstick texture assessed with functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Hirabayashi, Kazue / Kawabata Duncan, Keith / Tagai, Keiko / Kyutoku, Yasushi / Dan, Ippeita

Frontiers in neuroergonomics

2024 Volume 5, Page(s) 1331083

Abstract: Introduction: There is a continuous consumer demand for ever superior cosmetic products. In marketing, various forms of sensory evaluation are used to measure the consumer experience and provide data with which to improve cosmetics. Nonetheless, ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: There is a continuous consumer demand for ever superior cosmetic products. In marketing, various forms of sensory evaluation are used to measure the consumer experience and provide data with which to improve cosmetics. Nonetheless, potential downsides of existing approaches have led to the exploration of the use of neuroimaging methods, such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), to provide addition information about consumers' experiences with cosmetics. The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of a real-time brain-based product evaluation method which detects the incongruency between a product, in this case lipstick, and a consumer's expectations. Method: Thirty healthy, female, habitual lipstick users were asked to apply six different lipsticks varying in softness and to rate the softness of and their willingness to pay (WTP) for each lipstick. Cerebral hemodynamic responses in frontal areas were measured with fNIRS during lipstick application and analyzed using the general linear model (GLM). Incongruency scores between softness and expectation were calculated in order to understand how far removed each lipstick was from a participant's optimal softness preference. The correlation between brain activation (beta scores) during the application of each lipstick and the respective incongruency scores from each participant were acquired using semi-partial correlation analysis, controlling for the effects of WTP. Results: We revealed a significant intra-subject correlation between incongruency scores and activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). This confirms that as the texture incongruency scores increased for the lipstick samples, activation in each individual's right IFG also increased. Conclusion: The correlation observed between incongruency perceived by participants and activation of the right IFG not only suggests that the right IFG may play an important role in detecting incongruity when there is a discrepancy between the perceived texture and the consumer's expectations but also that measuring activity in the IFG may provide a new objective measurement of the consumer experience, thus contributing to the development of superior cosmetics.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2673-6195
ISSN (online)	2673-6195
DOI	10.3389/fnrgo.2024.1331083
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Imaging flowers: a guide to current microscopy and tomography techniques to study flower development.

Prunet, Nathanaël / Duncan, Keith

Journal of experimental botany

2020 Volume 71, Issue 10, Page(s) 2898–2909

Abstract: Developmental biology relies heavily on our ability to generate three-dimensional images of live biological specimens through time, and to map gene expression and hormone response in these specimens as they undergo development. The last two decades have ... ...

Abstract	Developmental biology relies heavily on our ability to generate three-dimensional images of live biological specimens through time, and to map gene expression and hormone response in these specimens as they undergo development. The last two decades have seen an explosion of new bioimaging technologies that have pushed the limits of spatial and temporal resolution and provided biologists with invaluable new tools. However, plant tissues are difficult to image, and no single technology fits all purposes; choosing between many bioimaging techniques is not trivial. Here, we review modern light microscopy and computed projection tomography methods, their capabilities and limitations, and we discuss their current and potential applications to the study of flower development and fertilization.
MeSH term(s)	Flowers ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Microscopy ; Tomography
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2976-2
ISSN	1460-2431 ; 0022-0957
ISSN (online)	1460-2431
ISSN	0022-0957
DOI	10.1093/jxb/eraa094
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Article ; Online: Assessing functional impulsivity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Nakazawa, Kenta / Hirabayashi, Kazue / Kawai, Wakana / Kyutoku, Yasushi / Kawabata Duncan, Keith / Dan, Ippeita

Frontiers in neuroergonomics

2023 Volume 4, Page(s) 1207484

Abstract: Introduction: In neuromarketing, a recently developing, inter-disciplinary field combining neuroscience and marketing, neurophysiological responses have been applied to understand consumers' behaviors. While many studies have focused on explicit ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: In neuromarketing, a recently developing, inter-disciplinary field combining neuroscience and marketing, neurophysiological responses have been applied to understand consumers' behaviors. While many studies have focused on explicit attitudes, few have targeted implicit aspects. To explore the possibility of measuring implicit desire for a product, we focused on functional impulsivity related to obtaining a product as a reward and devised a product-rewarded traffic light task (PRTLT). The PRTLT requires participants to take risks under time pressure in order for them to maximize rewards in the form of commercial products, with the brand of products being an independent variable. Thus, we explored the feasibility of applying a PRTLT in a neuromarketing context to implicitly differentiate between the perceived value of products and supported our data with neurophysiological evidence obtained using fNIRS to concurrently monitor cortical activation. Methods: Thirty healthy students were asked to perform the PRTLT. We compared participants' functional impulsivity toward two different chocolate products that had obviously different values. Along with their behavioral responses, participants' cerebral hemodynamic responses during the PRTLT were measured using fNIRS covering the lateral prefrontal cortices and the neighboring regions. We conducted adaptive general linear model (GLM) analysis for hemodynamic responses. First, we identified the regions involved in the PRTLT. Second, we compared activation patterns between expensive and inexpensive conditions. Results: Behavioral analysis confirmed that the expensive condition trended toward producing a higher PRTLT score than did the inexpensive condition. fNIRS neuroimaging analysis showed task-derived activation in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and frontopolar cortex (FPC). Moreover, we found significant differences between expensive and inexpensive conditions in the cortical activations in the FPC and the left-DLPFC. Conclusion: These results imply that the two products evoked different functional impulsivity, and the hemodynamic responses reflect that. Thus, we concluded that it is possible to observe differences in demand for products using a PRTLT that evokes functional impulsivity. The current study presents a new possibility in neuromarketing research of observing differences between consumers' covert attitudes toward commercially available products, possibly providing a neural basis related to hidden needs for some products.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2673-6195
ISSN (online)	2673-6195
DOI	10.3389/fnrgo.2023.1207484
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Lab-based X-ray Microscopy for in situ 3D Visualization of Mycorrhizal Fungal Structures Associated with Roots.

Duncan, Keith / Lebow, Clara / Daniels, Dierdra / DeVore, Melette / Bravo, Armando / Floss, Daniela / Topp, Christopher

Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada

2023 Volume 29, Issue 29 Suppl 1, Page(s) 872–873

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1385710-1
ISSN	1435-8115 ; 1431-9276
ISSN (online)	1435-8115
ISSN	1431-9276
DOI	10.1093/micmic/ozad067.431
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Article ; Online: Grain shattering by cell death and fracture in Eragrostis tef.

Yu, Yunqing / Beyene, Getu / Villmer, Justin / Duncan, Keith E / Hu, Hao / Johnson, Toni / Doust, Andrew N / Taylor, Nigel J / Kellogg, Elizabeth A

Plant physiology

2023 Volume 192, Issue 1, Page(s) 222–239

Abstract: Abscission, known as shattering in crop species, is a highly regulated process by which plants shed parts. Although shattering has been studied extensively in cereals and a number of regulatory genes have been identified, much diversity in the process ... ...

Abstract	Abscission, known as shattering in crop species, is a highly regulated process by which plants shed parts. Although shattering has been studied extensively in cereals and a number of regulatory genes have been identified, much diversity in the process remains to be discovered. Teff (Eragrostis tef) is a crop native to Ethiopia that is potentially highly valuable worldwide for its nutritious grain and drought tolerance. Previous work has suggested that grain shattering in Eragrostis might have little in common with other cereals. In this study, we characterize the anatomy, cellular structure, and gene regulatory control of the abscission zone (AZ) in E. tef. We show that the AZ of E. tef is a narrow stalk below the caryopsis, which is common in Eragrostis species. X-ray microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and immunolocalization of cell wall components showed that the AZ cells are thin walled and break open along with programmed cell death (PCD) at seed maturity, rather than separating between cells as in other studied species. Knockout of YABBY2/SHATTERING1, documented to control abscission in several cereals, had no effect on abscission or AZ structure in E. tef. RNA sequencing analysis showed that genes related to PCD and cell wall modification are enriched in the AZ at the early seed maturity stage. These data show that E. tef drops its seeds using a unique mechanism. Our results provide the groundwork for understanding grain shattering in Eragrostis and further improvement of shattering in E. tef.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Death ; Edible Grain/genetics ; Eragrostis/genetics ; Seeds/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	208914-2
ISSN	1532-2548 ; 0032-0889
ISSN (online)	1532-2548
ISSN	0032-0889
DOI	10.1093/plphys/kiad079
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Article ; Online: Mask wearing increases eye involvement during smiling: a facial EMG study.

Okazaki, Shuntaro / Yamanami, Haruna / Nakagawa, Fumika / Takuwa, Nozomi / Kawabata Duncan, Keith James

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 20370

Abstract: The use of face masks has become ubiquitous. Although mask wearing is a convenient way to reduce the spread of disease, it is important to know how the mask affects our communication via facial expression. For example, when we are wearing the mask and ... ...

Abstract	The use of face masks has become ubiquitous. Although mask wearing is a convenient way to reduce the spread of disease, it is important to know how the mask affects our communication via facial expression. For example, when we are wearing the mask and meet a friend, are our facial expressions different compared to when we are not? We investigated the effect of face mask wearing on facial expression, including the area around the eyes. We measured surface electromyography from zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and depressor anguli oris muscles, when people smiled and talked with or without a mask. Only the actions of the orbicularis oculi were facilitated by wearing the mask. We thus concluded that mask wearing may increase the recruitment of the eyes during smiling. In other words, we can express joy and happiness even when wearing a face mask.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Eye ; Facial Muscles/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Protective Devices ; Smiling/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-99872-y
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Article ; Online: A Willingness-to-Pay Associated Right Prefrontal Activation During a Single, Real Use of Lipsticks as Assessed Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Hirabayashi, Kazue / Tokuda, Tatsuya / Nishinuma, Tomomi / Kawabata Duncan, Keith / Tagai, Keiko / Dan, Ippeita

Frontiers in neuroergonomics

2021 Volume 2, Page(s) 731160

Abstract: Understanding consumer preferences and behavior is a major goal of consumer-oriented companies. The application of neuroscience to this goal is a promising avenue for companies. Previously, we observed a positive correlation during actual cosmetic use ... ...

Abstract	Understanding consumer preferences and behavior is a major goal of consumer-oriented companies. The application of neuroscience to this goal is a promising avenue for companies. Previously, we observed a positive correlation during actual cosmetic use between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activity, measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and the associated willingness-to-pay (WTP) values. However, we were unable to find any consistent group differences in the right dlPFC between different powdery foundations. Thus, the main objective of this study was to replicate the previous study and in addition, we aimed to refine the method of the previous study to increase the chance that a difference in valuation between different products can be detected. Twenty-five frequent lipstick using females were asked to apply six different lipsticks to their lips and to record how much they were willing to pay. To maximize the variation of the subjective experience of the products and the associated brain activity, the most preferred color lipstick and a less preferred color lipstick were chosen for each participant, and each color of lipstick had three different textures (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2673-6195
ISSN (online)	2673-6195
DOI	10.3389/fnrgo.2021.731160
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