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Article ; Online: Development and validation of the Children's Competence in Decision-Making Scale.

Dunne, Nina

2019

Abstract: Background: Measuring competence in children's ability to make decisions about their care is laden with conceptual problems. Although there are a variety of tools to measure competence, no scales have been identified that measured competence in children. ...

Abstract	Background: Measuring competence in children's ability to make decisions about their care is laden with conceptual problems. Although there are a variety of tools to measure competence, no scales have been identified that measured competence in children. Aim: To develop, test and validate a scale that measured competence in the decision-making process of children aged 8-12 years with long-term conditions, called the Children's Competence in Decision-Making (CCD-M) Scale. Method: A convergent, sequential, mixed-methods validation design was used. Four stages of scale development were used following recommended procedures. The qualitative arm explored the experiences of being involved in decision-making and these insights were used to develop the scale which was then subject to psychometric testing. Results: Cronbach's α of the overall scale was 0.86, which shows good internal validity. Additionally, the α analysis when items were deleted showed no considerable variation and had no value below 0.7, showing excellent internal validity throughout. No substantial increase in α could be achieved. Conclusion: The CCD-M Scale offers practitioners the ability to test the competence levels of children to decide the extent to which they may want to be involved in the decision-making process. This, in turn, may help to plan care in a more effective way and may have an effect on adherence levels in self-management of illness.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2603456-6
ISSN	2046-2344 ; 2046-2336
ISSN (online)	2046-2344
ISSN	2046-2336
DOI	10.7748/ncyp.2019.e1170
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Article ; Online: A meta-analysis of sodium profiling techniques and the impact on intradialytic hypotension.

Dunne, Nina

Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis

2017 Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 312–322

Abstract: Introduction Hemodialysis has improved in recent years, however, despite such improvements, intra-dialytic hypotensive episodes still persist which can lead to a reduction in the overall effectiveness of the treatment. Profiling sodium levels during ... ...

Abstract	Introduction Hemodialysis has improved in recent years, however, despite such improvements, intra-dialytic hypotensive episodes still persist which can lead to a reduction in the overall effectiveness of the treatment. Profiling sodium levels during dialysis can improve vascular refilling and therefore may prevent hypotensive events. A number of profiling methods exist and this meta-analysis set out to examine the effectiveness of these methods. Methods To assess the effectiveness of hemodialysis sodium profiling techniques. A review and meta-analysis analytical framework was used. A search was conducted using Medline, Embase and CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Knowledge between 1946 and 2014 of published English-language peer reviewed randomized control studies. In total 10 articles were retrieved and included in the review. All data was abstracted with a standardized data collection form. Stata 11.2 (Stata Corp) was used to analyse the data. Actual numbers of hypotensive events were pooled between studies. Analysis of subgroups was performed on sodium profile type. The data were further investigated using meta-regression. Publication bias was also tested. Findings Stepwise profiling was shown to be statistically significantly effective in reducing intradialytic episodes. Results demonstrated that linear sodium profiling was not effective in reducing hypotensive events during dialysis. Discussion This review has shown that using stepwise profiling is more effective at reducing intra-dialytic symptoms than other profiling methods. There was no evidence that linear profiling method was any more effective than conventional dialysis and in fact the results showed the reverse.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2192458-2
ISSN	1542-4758 ; 1492-7535
ISSN (online)	1542-4758
ISSN	1492-7535
DOI	10.1111/hdi.12488
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Article ; Online: Design of a novel electrospun PVA platform for gene therapy applications using the CHAT peptide.

Mulholland, E J / McErlean, E M / Dunne, N / McCarthy, H O

International journal of pharmaceutics

2021 Volume 598, Page(s) 120366

Abstract: The electrospinning of polymers has previously shown excellent potential for localised gene therapy. Thus, it was proposed that for the first time, the cell-penetrating CHAT peptide could be utilised to deliver DNA via electrospun nanofibres for ... ...

Abstract	The electrospinning of polymers has previously shown excellent potential for localised gene therapy. Thus, it was proposed that for the first time, the cell-penetrating CHAT peptide could be utilised to deliver DNA via electrospun nanofibres for localised gene therapy treatment. CHAT is an effective delivery system that encapsulates pDNA to form nanoparticles with the physicochemical characteristics for cellular uptake and protein generation. In this study, the production of smooth, bead-free PVA nanofibres by electrospinning was optimised through a Design of Experiments approach. Bead-free PVA nanofibres were consistently produced using the optimised parameters as follows: applied voltage (8 kV); collector-emitter distance (8 cm); polymer flow rate (4 µL/min); polymer concentration (9 wt% polymer); PVA M
MeSH term(s)	Genetic Therapy ; Nanofibers ; Nanoparticles ; Peptides ; Plasmids
Chemical Substances	Peptides
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	428962-6
ISSN	1873-3476 ; 0378-5173
ISSN (online)	1873-3476
ISSN	0378-5173
DOI	10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120366
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Article ; Online: 3D Printing of a Graphene-Modified Photopolymer Using Stereolithography for Biomedical Applications: A Study of the Polymerization Reaction.

de Armentia, S Lopez / Fernández-Villamarín, S / Ballesteros, Y / Del Real, J C / Dunne, N / Paz, E

International journal of bioprinting

2022 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 503

Abstract: Additive manufacturing is gaining importance thanks to its multiple advantages. Stereolithography (SLA) shows the highest accuracy and the lowest anisotropy, which has facilitated the emergence of new applications as dentistry or tissue engineering. ... ...

Abstract	Additive manufacturing is gaining importance thanks to its multiple advantages. Stereolithography (SLA) shows the highest accuracy and the lowest anisotropy, which has facilitated the emergence of new applications as dentistry or tissue engineering. However, the availability of commercial photopolymers is still limited, and there is an increasing interest in developing resins with properties adapted for these new applications. The addition of graphene-based nanomaterials (GBN) may provide interesting advantages, such as improved mechanical properties and bioactivity. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the effect of GBNs on the polymerization reaction. A photopolymerizable acrylic resin has been used, and the effect of the addition of 0.1wt% of graphene (G); graphene oxide (GO) and graphite nanoplatelets (GoxNP) on printability and polymerization have been investigated. It was observed that the effect depended on GBN type, functionalization and structure (e.g., number of layers, size, and morphology) due to differences in the extent of dispersion and light absorbance. The obtained results showed that GO and GoxNP did not significantly affect the printability and quality of the final structure, whilst the application of G exhibited a negative effect in terms of printability due to a reduction in the polymerization degree. GO and GoxNP-loaded resins showed a great potential to be used for manufacturing structures by SLA.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-13
Publishing country	Singapore
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834694-4
ISSN	2424-8002 ; 2424-8002
ISSN (online)	2424-8002
ISSN	2424-8002
DOI	10.18063/ijb.v8i1.503
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Article ; Online: Delivery of a peptide/microRNA blend via electrospun antimicrobial nanofibres for wound repair.

Bombin, Adrian D Juncos / Dunne, Nicholas / McCarthy, Helen O

Acta biomaterialia

2022 Volume 155, Page(s) 304–322

Abstract: Downregulation of microRNA-31 (miR-31) and microRNA-132 (miR-132) has been associated with delayed wound healing. Therefore, it was hypothesised that intracellular delivery of miR-31 and miR-132, both as individual and blend formulations, could promote ... ...

Abstract	Downregulation of microRNA-31 (miR-31) and microRNA-132 (miR-132) has been associated with delayed wound healing. Therefore, it was hypothesised that intracellular delivery of miR-31 and miR-132, both as individual and blend formulations, could promote tissue repair. The use of a blend could minimise potential toxicity and achieve synergistic effects, thus maximising the therapeutic effect. miR-31 and miR-132 were condensed with a 30-mer positively charged amphipathic peptide, RALA, to form nanocomplexes with an average size <200 nm and zeta-potential ≥10 designed to facilitate cellular internalisation. This enabled a fold increase in miR-31 and miR-132 expression of ≥100,000 in a murine fibroblast cell line (NCTC-929) and a skin human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), with intracellular delivery >70% for individual and blend formulations. Moreover, incubation with the nanocomplexes increased the migration of HaCaT cells ≥25% at 4 and 8 h post-incubation, as well as downregulation of EMP-1 and RASA1 and HB-EGF and RASA1, target genes for miR-31 and miR-132, respectively. Electrospinning was then employed to produce an alginate/polyvinyl alcohol/ciprofloxacin nanofibrous wound patch to facilitate the controlled delivery of the nanocomplexes. Nanofibres were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to improve stability in aqueous solvents, and they were proven to be biocompatible with antimicrobial activity without cellular attachment to avoid injury upon removal. RALA/miR nanoparticles were incorporated to the nanofibrous wound dressing and in vivo wound healing studies using C57BL/6J mice demonstrated a >60% acceleration in the wound closure rate at Day 7 post-wounding, a ≥1.5 increase in epidermal thickness, and a ≥2 increase in blood vessel count with respect to commercial and untreated controls. Taken together, this data proves that delivery of RALA/miR-31 and RALA/miR-132 from an alginate/polyvinyl alcohol/ciprofloxacin nanofibrous wound dressing constitutes an advanced therapy for wound healing, by accelerating wound closure and improving healed tissue quality. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we report for the first time the use of the RALA peptide to deliver two miRNA 31 & 132 simultaneously from an electrospun patch. Both miRs have been shown to be downregulated in wounds and this study endeavoured to deliver a blend of the miRs from a nanofibre patch. Electrospinning was used to produce an alginate/polyvinyl alcohol/ciprofloxacin wound patch to enable controlled delivery of the miRs without cellular attachment to the wound with the added benefit of anti-microbial activity. Application of the nanofibre patch loaded with the blended RALA/miR nanoparticles demonstrated a synergistic effect with acceleration of wound closure rate, a significant increase in epidermal thickness and blood vessel count with respect to commercial and untreated controls.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Humans ; Animals ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Nanofibers/chemistry ; Polyvinyl Alcohol/chemistry ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Wound Healing ; Ciprofloxacin ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Peptides/pharmacology ; Alginates ; p120 GTPase Activating Protein
Chemical Substances	MicroRNAs ; Polyvinyl Alcohol (9002-89-5) ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Peptides ; Alginates ; RASA1 protein, human ; p120 GTPase Activating Protein ; MIRN132 microRNA, human ; MIRN31 microRNA, human ; MIRN132 microRNA, mouse
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2173841-5
ISSN	1878-7568 ; 1742-7061
ISSN (online)	1878-7568
ISSN	1742-7061
DOI	10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.059
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Article ; Online: Finite element analysis of vertebroplasty in the osteoporotic T11-L1 vertebral body: Effects of bone cement formulation.

Mondal, Subrata / MacManus, David B / Banche-Niclot, Federica / Vitale-Brovarone, Chiara / Fiorilli, Sonia / McCarthy, Helen O / Dunne, Nicholas

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials

2024 Volume 112, Issue 1, Page(s) e35359

Abstract: Vertebral compression fractures are one of the most severe clinical consequences of osteoporosis and the most common fragility fracture afflicting 570 and 1070 out of 100,000 men and women worldwide, respectively. Vertebroplasty (VP), a minimally ... ...

Abstract	Vertebral compression fractures are one of the most severe clinical consequences of osteoporosis and the most common fragility fracture afflicting 570 and 1070 out of 100,000 men and women worldwide, respectively. Vertebroplasty (VP), a minimally invasive surgical procedure that involves the percutaneous injection of bone cement, is one of the most efficacious methods to stabilise osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. However, postoperative fracture has been observed in up to 30% of patients following VP. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of different injectable bone cement formulations on the stress distribution within the vertebrae and intervertebral discs due to VP and consequently recommend the optimal cement formulation. To achieve this, a 3D finite element (FE) model of the T11-L1 vertebral body was developed from computed tomography scan data of the spine. Osteoporotic bone was modeled by reducing the Young's modulus by 20% in the cortical bone and 74% in cancellous bone. The FE model was subjected to different physiological movements, such as extension, flexion, bending, and compression. The osteoporotic model caused a reduction in the average von Mises stress compared with the normal model in the T12 cancellous bone and an increment in the average von Mises stress value at the T12 cortical bone. The effects of VP using different formulations of a novel injectable bone cement were modeled by replacing a region of T12 cancellous bone with the materials. Due to the injection of the bone cement at the T12 vertebra, the average von Mises stresses on cancellous bone increased and slightly decreased on the cortical bone under all loading conditions. The novel class of bone cements investigated herein demonstrated an effective restoration of stress distribution to physiological levels within treated vertebrae, which could offer a potential superior alternative for VP surgery as their anti-osteoclastogenic properties could further enhance the appeal of their fracture treatment and may contribute to improved patient recovery and long-term well-being.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Bone Cements/pharmacology ; Finite Element Analysis ; Fractures, Compression/surgery ; Vertebral Body ; Spinal Fractures/surgery ; Vertebroplasty
Chemical Substances	Bone Cements
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2099992-6
ISSN	1552-4981 ; 1552-4973 ; 0021-9304
ISSN (online)	1552-4981
ISSN	1552-4973 ; 0021-9304
DOI	10.1002/jbm.b.35359
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Article ; Online: Hydroxyapatite sonosensitization of ultrasound-triggered, thermally responsive hydrogels: An on-demand delivery system for bone repair applications.

Levingstone, Tanya / Ali, Badriah / Kearney, Cathal / Dunne, Nicholas

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials

2021 Volume 109, Issue 10, Page(s) 1622–1633

Abstract: While bones have the innate capability to physiologically regenerate, in certain cases regeneration is suboptimal, too slow, or does not occur. Biomaterials-based growth factor delivery systems have shown potential for the treatment of challenging bone ... ...

Abstract	While bones have the innate capability to physiologically regenerate, in certain cases regeneration is suboptimal, too slow, or does not occur. Biomaterials-based growth factor delivery systems have shown potential for the treatment of challenging bone defects, however, achieving controlled growth factor release remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to develop a thermally responsive hydrogel for bone regeneration capable of ultrasound-triggered on-demand delivery of therapeutic agents. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA) into the hydrogel could increase sonosensitization, augmenting ultrasound sensitivity to enable controlled therapeutic release to the target tissue. Alginate thermally responsive P(Alg-g-NIPAAm) hydrogels were fabricated and varying quantities of HA (1, 3, 5, and 7% wt./vol.) incorporated. All hydrogels were highly injectable (maximum injection force below 6.5 N) and rheological characterization demonstrated their ability to gel at body temperature. The study demonstrated the ultrasound-triggered release of sodium fluorescein (NaF), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) from the hydrogels. Release rates of BSA and BMP-2 were significantly enhanced in the HA containing hydrogels, confirming for the first time the role of HA as a son sensitizer. Together these results demonstrate the potential of these ultrasound-triggered thermally responsive hydrogels for on-demand delivery of therapeutic agents for bone regeneration.
MeSH term(s)	Alginates/chemistry ; Ammonium Sulfate/chemistry ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/chemistry ; Bone Regeneration ; Drug Carriers/chemistry ; Drug Liberation ; Durapatite/chemistry ; Ethylenediamines/chemistry ; Fluorescein/chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogels/chemistry ; Osteogenesis ; Rheology ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/chemistry ; Temperature ; Ultrasonic Waves
Chemical Substances	Alginates ; Biocompatible Materials ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Drug Carriers ; Ethylenediamines ; Hydrogels ; N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (110-18-9) ; ammonium peroxydisulfate (22QF6L357F) ; Serum Albumin, Bovine (27432CM55Q) ; Durapatite (91D9GV0Z28) ; Ammonium Sulfate (SU46BAM238) ; Fluorescein (TPY09G7XIR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2099992-6
ISSN	1552-4981 ; 1552-4973 ; 0021-9304
ISSN (online)	1552-4981
ISSN	1552-4973 ; 0021-9304
DOI	10.1002/jbm.b.34820
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Book: Competition law and economic regulation

Dunne, Niamh

making and managing markets

2015

Abstract: Niamh Dunne undertakes a systematic exploration of the relationship between competition law and economic regulation as legal mechanisms of market control. Beginning from a theoretical assessment of these legal instruments as discrete mechanisms, the ... ...

Author's details	Niamh Dunne
Abstract	"Niamh Dunne undertakes a systematic exploration of the relationship between competition law and economic regulation as legal mechanisms of market control. Beginning from a theoretical assessment of these legal instruments as discrete mechanisms, the author goes on to address numerous facets of the substantive interrelationship between competition law and economic regulation. She considers, amongst other aspects, the concept of regulatory competition law; deregulation, liberalisation and 'regulation for competition'; the concurrent application of competition law in regulated markets; and relevant institutional aspects including market study procedures, the distribution of enforcement powers between competition agencies and sector regulators, and certain legal powers that demonstrate a 'hybridised' quality lying between competition law and economic regulation. Throughout her assessment, Dunne identifies and explores recurrent considerations that inform and shape the optimal relationship between these legal mechanisms within any jurisdiction"--
Keywords	Antitrust law ; Competition, Unfair
Language	English
Size	xvii, 373 pages, 24 cm
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Publishing place	Cambridge, United Kingdom
Document type	Book
Note	Includes bibliographical references (pages 335-359) and index
ISBN	9781107070561 ; 1107070562
Database	ECONomics Information System

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Article ; Online: Modification of polyether ether ketone for the repairing of bone defects.

Chen, Junfeng / Cao, Guangxiu / Li, Linhao / Cai, Qiang / Dunne, Nicholas / Li, Xiaoming

Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)

2022 Volume 17, Issue 4

Abstract: Bone damage as a consequence of disease or trauma is a common global occurrence. For bone damage treatment-bone implant materials are necessary across three classifications of surgical intervention (i.e. fixation, repair, and replacement). Many types of ... ...

Abstract	Bone damage as a consequence of disease or trauma is a common global occurrence. For bone damage treatment-bone implant materials are necessary across three classifications of surgical intervention (i.e. fixation, repair, and replacement). Many types of bone implant materials have been developed to meet the requirements of bone repair. Among them, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been considered as one of the next generation of bone implant materials, owing to its advantages related to good biocompatibility, chemical stability, x-ray permeability, elastic modulus comparable to natural bone, as well as the ease of processing and modification. However, as PEEK is a naturally bioinert material, some modification is needed to improve its integration with adjacent bones after implantation. Therefore, it has become a very hot topic of biomaterials research and various strategies for the modification of PEEK including blending, 3D printing, coating, chemical modification and the introduction of bioactive and/or antibacterial substances have been proposed. In this systematic review, the recent advances in modification of PEEK and its application prospect as bone implants are summarized, and the remaining challenges are also discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Benzophenones ; Ethers ; Ketones/chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry ; Polymers
Chemical Substances	Benzophenones ; Ethers ; Ketones ; Polymers ; polyetheretherketone (31694-16-3) ; Polyethylene Glycols (3WJQ0SDW1A)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2265222-X
ISSN	1748-605X ; 1748-6041
ISSN (online)	1748-605X
ISSN	1748-6041
DOI	10.1088/1748-605X/ac65cd
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Article ; Online: Delayed-immediate breast reconstruction: An assessment of complications and outcomes in the context of anticipated post-mastectomy radiotherapy.

Cuffolo, Giulio / Pandey, Ayushi / Windle, Rebecca / Adams, Titus / Dunne, Nicola / Smith, Brendan

Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS

2022 Volume 77, Page(s) 319–327

Abstract: Introduction: The detrimental effects of post-mastectomy radiotherapy on breast reconstruction are well known. We report our experience with a delayed-immediate approach involving an initial subcutaneous implant with definitive reconstruction after ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The detrimental effects of post-mastectomy radiotherapy on breast reconstruction are well known. We report our experience with a delayed-immediate approach involving an initial subcutaneous implant with definitive reconstruction after adjuvant radiotherapy. Methods: Patients were identified retrospectively from hospital, theatre and implant registry records. Details regarding demographics, cancer pathology, surgical data and oncological therapies were collected. Primary outcomes included complication rates of first-stage surgery and time to definitive reconstruction. Results: A total of 115 patients underwent mastectomy and temporary subcutaneous implant (36 nipple sparing) between 2008 and 2019. Five were smokers with eleven having a body mass index > 30. The median age was 46 years (27-76 years) and tumour size 50 mm. Almost 95% underwent radiotherapy, 82% chemotherapy and 70% had axillary node clearance. Median mastectomy weight was 464 g (123-1300 g) with median temporary implant volume 375 cc (180-655 cc). Complications of first-stage surgery at three months included 5.2% implant loss (n = 6), 14.8% infection rate, 17.4% readmission rate and 10.4% returned to theatre. Reconstructive failure occurred in four cases (3.5%). A total of 76 patients completed definitive reconstruction, including 26 autologous, 21 latissimus dorsi with implant, and 28 implant-only reconstructions. The median time to reconstruction following the completion of radiotherapy was 12 months. This increased in those who had implant complications (28 vs. 15 months) or radiotherapy (16 vs. 10 months) versus those without. Conclusions: Delayed-immediate breast reconstruction using a temporary subcutaneous implant has been shown to be a safe, feasible and potentially beneficial method than simple mastectomy and delayed reconstruction with a complication rate comparable to that of immediate implant reconstruction.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Mastectomy/adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; Breast Neoplasms/etiology ; Mammaplasty/adverse effects ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects ; Breast Implants
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2217750-4
ISSN	1878-0539 ; 1748-6815 ; 0007-1226
ISSN (online)	1878-0539
ISSN	1748-6815 ; 0007-1226
DOI	10.1016/j.bjps.2022.11.031
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