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Book ; Conference proceedings: Statistics in medicine

Dunstan, F.

based on the proceedings of a Conference on Applications of Statistics in Medicine organized by The Institute of Mathematics and its Applications and held at the University of Wales College of Cardiff in April 1988

(The Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications conference series ; 29)

1991

Event/congress	Conference on Applications of Statistics in Medicine (1988, Cardiff)
Author's details	ed. by F. Dunstan
Series title	The Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications conference series ; 29
Collection
Keywords	Statistics / congresses ; Medizinische Statistik
Language	English
Size	XII, 266 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
Publisher	Clarendon Pr
Publishing place	Oxford
Publishing country	Great Britain
Document type	Book ; Conference proceedings
HBZ-ID	HT003816843
ISBN	0-19-853662-3 ; 978-0-19-853662-8
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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1991 A 4837	order for loan	Magazin

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Article ; Online: The effect of diet in infancy on asthma in young adults: the Merthyr Allergy Prevention Study.

Hand, Sadiyah / Dunstan, Frank / Jones, Ken / Doull, Iolo

Thorax

2021 Volume 76, Issue 11, Page(s) 1072–1077

Abstract: Introduction: Early infant diet might influence the risk of subsequent allergic disease.: Methods: The Merthyr Allergy Prevention Study (MAPS) was a randomised controlled trial in infants at high risk of allergic disease. The trial determined whether ...

Abstract	Introduction: Early infant diet might influence the risk of subsequent allergic disease. Methods: The Merthyr Allergy Prevention Study (MAPS) was a randomised controlled trial in infants at high risk of allergic disease. The trial determined whether a cow's milk exclusion diet for the first 4 months of life decreased the risk of allergic disease including asthma compared with a normal diet. A soya milk preparation was offered to those in the intervention group. A standardised questionnaire for allergic disease was completed at ages 1, 7, 15 and 23 years, with clinical assessment at 1, 7 and 23 years. The effect of the intervention on the risk of atopy, asthma and wheeze at age 23 years was determined. Findings: 487 subjects entered the study; at age 23 years 299 completed the questionnaire, of which 119 attended clinical assessment. Subjects randomised to the intervention group had a significantly increased risk of atopy (adjusted OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.30 to 6.80; p=0.01) and asthma (OR 2.07, 95%CI 1.09 to 3.91; p=0.03) at age 23 years, but not wheeze (OR 1.43, 95%CI 0.87 to 2.37; p=0.16). Earlier exposure to cow's milk was associated with a decreased risk of wheeze and asthma at age 23 years, while earlier exposure to soya milk was associated with an increased risk of atopy and asthma. Interpretation: In infants at high risk of allergic disease, either cow's milk exclusion or early soya milk introduction for the first 4 months of life increases the risk of atopy, wheeze and asthma in adulthood.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Animals ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Asthma/etiology ; Asthma/prevention & control ; Cattle ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Milk ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; Respiratory Sounds/etiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	204353-1
ISSN	1468-3296 ; 0040-6376
ISSN (online)	1468-3296
ISSN	0040-6376
DOI	10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215040
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Article ; Online: Nobel prizes, chocolate and milk: the statistical view.

Dunstan, Frank

Practical neurology

2013 Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 206–207

MeSH term(s)	Cacao ; Cognition ; Humans ; Nobel Prize
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	2170881-2
ISSN	1474-7766 ; 1474-7758
ISSN (online)	1474-7766
ISSN	1474-7758
DOI	10.1136/practneurol-2013-000588
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Book: Awkward hours, awkward jobs

Dunstan, Frank

a history of St. John Ambulance in the Northern Territory 1915 - 2012, the volunteers

2013

Institution	St. John Ambulance Australia
Author's details	by Frank Dunstan and members of the St. John Ambulance Australia (NT) Historical Society
MeSH term(s)	Ambulances/history ; Voluntary Health Agencies/history
Keywords	Australia
Language	English
Size	xii, 406 p., [30] p. of plates, :, col. ill., ports. ;, 30 cm.
Publisher	St John Ambulance (NT) Inc
Publishing place	Casuarina, N.T
Document type	Book
ISBN	9780646593920 ; 0646593927
Database	Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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Article ; Online: COVID-19 mortality increases with northerly latitude after adjustment for age suggesting a link with ultraviolet and vitamin D.

Rhodes, Jonathan / Dunstan, Frank / Laird, Eamon / Subramanian, Sreedhar / Kenny, Rose A

BMJ nutrition, prevention & health

2020 Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 118–120

Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2516-5542
ISSN (online)	2516-5542
DOI	10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000110
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Article: Risk of post-traumatic stress disorder following traumatic events in a community sample.

White, J / Pearce, J / Morrison, S / Dunstan, F / Bisson, J I / Fone, D L

Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences

2014 Volume 24, Issue 3, Page(s) 249–257

Abstract: Aims: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is typically associated with high-risk population groups, but the risk of PTSD that is associated with trauma experienced in the community, and effect of changes in diagnostic criteria in DSM-5 on prevalence ... ...

Abstract	Aims: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is typically associated with high-risk population groups, but the risk of PTSD that is associated with trauma experienced in the community, and effect of changes in diagnostic criteria in DSM-5 on prevalence in the general population, is unknown. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of population-based data from 4558 adults aged 25-83 years resident in Caerphilly county borough, Wales, UK. Exposure to different traumatic events was assessed using categorisation of free-text descriptions of trauma. PTSD caseness was determined using items assessing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV) and DSM-5 A criteria and the Traumatic Screening Questionnaire. Results: Of the 4558 participants, 1971 (47.0%) reported a traumatic event. The most common DSM-IV A1 qualifying trauma was life-threatening illnesses and injuries (13.6%). The highest risk of PTSD was associated with assaultive violence [34.1%]. The prevalence of PTSD using DSM-IV A criteria was 14.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.8, 15.9%). Using DSM-5 A criteria reduced the prevalence to 8.0 (95% CI = 6.9, 9.4%), primarily due to exclusion of DSM-IV A1 qualifying events, such as life-threatening illnesses. Conclusions: Nearly one-half of a general community sample had experienced a traumatic event and of these around one in seven was a DSM-IV case of PTSD. Although the majority of research has concentrated on combat, rape and assaultive violence, life threatening illness is a more common cause of PTSD in the community. Removal of this traumatic event in DSM-5 could reduce the number of cases of PTSD by around 6.0%.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-03-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2607964-1
ISSN	2045-7979 ; 2045-7960
ISSN (online)	2045-7979
ISSN	2045-7960
DOI	10.1017/S2045796014000110
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 mortality increases with northerly latitude after adjustment for age suggesting a link with ultraviolet and vitamin D

Rhodes, Jonathan / Dunstan, Frank / Laird, Eamon / Subramanian, Sreedhar / Kenny, Rose A

BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health

2020 Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 118–120

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publisher	BMJ
Publishing country	uk
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	2516-5542
DOI	10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000110
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Socioeconomic inequality in medication persistence in primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease - A population-wide electronic cohort study.

King, William / Lacey, Arron / White, James / Farewell, Daniel / Dunstan, Frank / Fone, David

PloS one

2018 Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) e0194081

Abstract: Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in England fell by 36% between 2000 and 2007 and it is estimated that approximately 50% of the fall was due to improved treatment uptake. Marked socio-economic inequalities in CHD mortality in the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in England fell by 36% between 2000 and 2007 and it is estimated that approximately 50% of the fall was due to improved treatment uptake. Marked socio-economic inequalities in CHD mortality in the United Kingdom (UK) remain, with higher age-adjusted rates in more deprived groups. Inequalities in the persistence of medication for primary and secondary prevention of CHD may contribute to the observed social gradient and we investigated this possibility in the population of Wales (UK). Methods and findings: An electronic cohort of individuals aged over 20 (n = 1,199,342) in Wales (UK) was formed using linked data from primary and secondary care and followed for six years (2004-2010). We identified indications for medication (statins, aspirin, ACE inhibitors, clopidogrel) recommended in UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance for CHD (high risk, stable angina, stable angina plus diabetes, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction) and measured the persistence of indicated medication (time from initiation to discontinuation) across quintiles of the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation, an area-based measure of socio-economic inequality, using Cox regression frailty models. In models adjusted for demographic factors, CHD risk and comorbidities across 15 comparisons for persistence of the medications, none favoured the least deprived quintile, two favoured the most deprived quintile and 13 showed no significant differences. Conclusions: During our study period (2004-2010) we found no significant evidence of socio-economic inequality in the persistence of recommended medication for primary and secondary prevention of CHD.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Angina, Stable/drug therapy ; Angina, Stable/epidemiology ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Cohort Studies ; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic ; Coronary Disease/epidemiology ; Coronary Disease/prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Drug Utilization ; Dyslipidemias/drug therapy ; Dyslipidemias/epidemiology ; Electronic Health Records ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy ; Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Primary Prevention/statistics & numerical data ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Secondary Prevention/statistics & numerical data ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Wales/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0194081
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Equity in healthcare for coronary heart disease, Wales (UK) 2004-2010: A population-based electronic cohort study.

King, William / Lacey, Arron / White, James / Farewell, Daniel / Dunstan, Frank / Fone, David

PloS one

2017 Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) e0172618

Abstract: Background: Despite substantial falls in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in the United Kingdom (UK), marked socioeconomic inequalities in CHD risk factors and CHD mortality persist. We investigated whether inequity in CHD healthcare in Wales (UK) ...

Abstract	Background: Despite substantial falls in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in the United Kingdom (UK), marked socioeconomic inequalities in CHD risk factors and CHD mortality persist. We investigated whether inequity in CHD healthcare in Wales (UK) could contribute to the observed social gradient in CHD mortality. Methods and findings: Linking data from primary and secondary care we constructed an electronic cohort of individuals (n = 1199342) with six year follow-up, 2004-2010. We identified indications for recommended CHD interventions, measured time to their delivery, and estimated risk of receiving the interventions for each of five ordered deprivation groups using a time-to-event approach with Cox regression frailty models. Interventions in primary and secondary prevention included risk-factor measurement, smoking management, statins and antihypertensive therapy, and in established CHD included medication and revascularization. For primary prevention, five of the 11 models favoured the more deprived and one favoured the less deprived. For medication in secondary prevention and established CHD, one of the 15 models favoured the more deprived and one the less deprived. In relation to revascularization, six of the 12 models favoured the less deprived and none favoured the more deprived-this evidence of inequity exemplified by a hazard ratio for revascularization in stable angina of 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.68, 0.92). The main study limitation is the possibility of under-ascertainment or misclassification of clinical indications and treatment from variability in coding. Conclusions: Primary care components of CHD healthcare were equitably delivered. Evidence of inequity was found for revascularization procedures, although this inequity is likely to have only a modest effect on social gradients in CHD mortality. Policymakers should focus on reducing inequalities in CHD risk factors, particularly smoking, as these, rather than inequity in healthcare, are likely to be key drivers of inequalities in CHD mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Cohort Studies ; Coronary Disease/therapy ; Electronic Health Records ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Social Class ; Social Justice ; Wales
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0172618
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Impact of the phased abolition of co-payments on the utilisation of selected prescription medicines in Wales.

Alam, M Fasihul / Cohen, David / Dunstan, Frank / Hughes, Dyfrig / Routledge, Philip

Health economics

2017 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 236–243

Abstract: We have taken advantage of a natural experiment to measure the impact of the phased abolition of prescription co-payments in Wales. We investigated 3 study periods covering the phased abolition: from £6 to £4, £4 to £3, and £3 to £0. A difference-in- ... ...

Abstract	We have taken advantage of a natural experiment to measure the impact of the phased abolition of prescription co-payments in Wales. We investigated 3 study periods covering the phased abolition: from £6 to £4, £4 to £3, and £3 to £0. A difference-in-difference modelling was adopted and applied to monthly UK general practice level dispensing data on 14 selected medicines which had the highest percentage of items dispensed subject to a co-payment prior to abolition. Dispensing from a comparator region (North East of England) with similar health and socio-economic characteristics to Wales, and where prescription co-payments continued during the study periods, was used to isolate any non-price effects on dispensing in Wales. Results show a small increase in dispensing of 14 selected medicines versus the comparator. Compared with NE England, monthly average Welsh dispensing was increased by 11.93 items (7.67%; 95% CI [7.2%, 8.1%]), 6.37 items (3.38%; 95% CI [2.9%, 3.7%]) and 9.18 items (4.54%; 95% CI [4.2%, 4.9%]) per practice per 1,000 population during the periods when co-payment was reduced. Price elasticities of the selected medicines utilisation were -0.23, -0.13, and -0.04 in 3 analyses, suggesting the abolition of co-payment had small effect on Welsh dispensing.
MeSH term(s)	Cost Sharing/economics ; England ; Humans ; Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services/economics ; Models, Econometric ; Prescription Drugs/economics ; Wales
Chemical Substances	Prescription Drugs
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1135838-5
ISSN	1099-1050 ; 1057-9230
ISSN (online)	1099-1050
ISSN	1057-9230
DOI	10.1002/hec.3530
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