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  1. Article ; Online: Derivation of an oral reference dose (RfD) for the plasticizer, di-(2-propylheptyl)phthalate (Palatinol® 10-P).

    Bhat, Virunya S / Durham, Jennifer L / English, J Caroline

    Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP

    2014  Volume 70, Issue 1, Page(s) 65–74

    Abstract: Di-(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP) is a high molecular weight polyvinyl chloride plasticizer. Since increasing production volume and broad utility may result in human exposure, an oral reference dose (RfD) was derived from laboratory animal data due to ...

    Abstract Di-(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP) is a high molecular weight polyvinyl chloride plasticizer. Since increasing production volume and broad utility may result in human exposure, an oral reference dose (RfD) was derived from laboratory animal data due to the lack of human data. In addition to liver and kidney, target organs were the thyroid, pituitary and adrenal glands in rats, recognizing that reproductive performance was not altered in two successive generations of DPHP-exposed rats. DPHP caused a reduction in pup and maternal body weights but not developmental or testicular effects typical of "phthalate syndrome." DPHP was not genotoxic. Due to the lack of carcinogenicity data, there is inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential. The RfD of 0.1mg/kg-day was derived from the human equivalent BMDL10 of 10mg/kg-day for thyroid hypertrophy/hyperplasia in male F1 adults from the two-generation study. While in utero exposure did not alter sensitivity to thyroid lesions compared to subchronic exposures beginning at 6weeks of age, F1 adult males were the longest-term exposed population. The total uncertainty factor of 100x was comprised of intraspecies (10x), study duration (3x), and database (3x) factors but not an interspecies factor since rodents are more sensitive than humans to thyroid gland effects.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Phthalic Acids/administration & dosage ; Phthalic Acids/toxicity ; Plasticizers/administration & dosage ; Plasticizers/toxicity ; Rats ; Risk Assessment ; Species Specificity ; Toxicity Tests/methods
    Chemical Substances Phthalic Acids ; Plasticizers ; bis(2-propylheptyl)phthalate
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 604672-1
    ISSN 1096-0295 ; 0273-2300
    ISSN (online) 1096-0295
    ISSN 0273-2300
    DOI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.06.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1711: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  2. Article ; Online: Derivation of an oral reference dose (RfD) for the nonphthalate alternative plasticizer 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, di-isononyl ester (DINCH).

    Bhat, Virunya S / Durham, Jennifer L / Ball, Gwendolyn L / English, J Caroline

    Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews

    2014  Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) 63–94

    Abstract: 1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-diisononylester (DINCH), a polyvinyl chloride plasticizer, has food, beverage, and medical device applications that may result in general population exposure. Although no apparent toxicity information in humans was ... ...

    Abstract 1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-diisononylester (DINCH), a polyvinyl chloride plasticizer, has food, beverage, and medical device applications that may result in general population exposure. Although no apparent toxicity information in humans was identified, there is a substantial data set in lab animals to serve as the basis of hazard identification for DINCH. Target tissues associated with repeated dietary DINCH exposure in lab animals included liver, kidney, and thyroid and mammary glands. In contrast to some phthalate ester plasticizers, DINCH did not show evidence of hepatic peroxisomal proliferation, testicular toxicity, or liver tumors in rats. Liver and thyroid effects associated with DINCH exposure were attributed to compensatory thyroid stimulation secondary to prolonged metabolic enzyme induction. The toxicological significance of mammary fibroadenomas in female rats is unclear, given that this common benign and spontaneously occurring tumor type is unique to rats. The weight of evidence suggests DINCH is not genotoxic and the proposed mode of action (MOA) for thyroid gland lesions was considered to have a threshold. No adverse reproductive effects were seen in a two-generation study. An oral reference dose (RfD) of 0.7 mg/kg-d was derived from a human equivalent BMDL₁₀ of 21 mg/kg-d for thyroid hypertrophy/hyperplasia seen in adult F₁ rats also exposed in utero. The total uncertainty factor of 30x was comprised of intraspecies (10×) and database (3×) factors. An interspecies extrapolation factor was not applied since rodents are more sensitive than humans with respect to the proposed indirect MOA for thyroid gland lesions.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids/administration & dosage ; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids/metabolism ; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids/pharmacokinetics ; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids/toxicity ; Dicarboxylic Acids/administration & dosage ; Dicarboxylic Acids/metabolism ; Dicarboxylic Acids/pharmacokinetics ; Dicarboxylic Acids/toxicity ; Environmental Pollutants/administration & dosage ; Environmental Pollutants/metabolism ; Environmental Pollutants/pharmacokinetics ; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; Evidence-Based Practice ; Food Contamination ; Humans ; Plasticizers/administration & dosage ; Plasticizers/metabolism ; Plasticizers/pharmacokinetics ; Plasticizers/toxicity ; Risk Assessment ; Toxicity Tests ; Water Pollution, Chemical/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids ; Dicarboxylic Acids ; Environmental Pollutants ; Plasticizers ; diisononyl 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1415246-0
    ISSN 1521-6950 ; 1093-7404
    ISSN (online) 1521-6950
    ISSN 1093-7404
    DOI 10.1080/10937404.2013.876288
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

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    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4944: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

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