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  1. Article ; Online: Critical appraisal in rapid systematic reviews of COVID-19 studies: implementation of the Quality Criteria Checklist (QCC).

    Duval, Daphne / Pearce-Smith, Nicola / Palmer, Jennifer C / Sarfo-Annin, Jason Kwasi / Rudd, Paul / Clark, Rachel

    Systematic reviews

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 55

    Abstract: In this letter, we briefly describe how we selected and implemented the quality criteria checklist (QCC) as a critical appraisal tool in rapid systematic reviews conducted to inform public health advice, guidance and policy during the COVID-19 pandemic. ... ...

    Abstract In this letter, we briefly describe how we selected and implemented the quality criteria checklist (QCC) as a critical appraisal tool in rapid systematic reviews conducted to inform public health advice, guidance and policy during the COVID-19 pandemic. As these rapid reviews usually included a range of study designs, it was key to identify a single tool that would allow for reliable critical appraisal across most experimental and observational study designs and applicable to a range of topics. After carefully considering a number of existing tools, the QCC was selected as it had good interrater agreement between three reviewers (Fleiss kappa coefficient 0.639) and was found to be easy and fast to apply once familiar with the tool. The QCC consists of 10 questions, with sub-questions to specify how it should be applied to a specific study design. Four of these questions are considered as critical (on selection bias, group comparability, intervention/exposure assessment and outcome assessment) and the rating of a study (high, moderate or low methodological quality) depends on the responses to these four critical questions. Our results suggest that the QCC is an appropriate critical appraisal tool to assess experimental and observational studies within COVID-19 rapid reviews. This study was done at pace during the COVID-19 pandemic; further reliability analyses should be conducted, and more research is needed to validate the QCC across a range of public health topics.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; Reproducibility of Results ; Pandemics ; Checklist ; Public Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Observational Study ; Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2662257-9
    ISSN 2046-4053 ; 2046-4053
    ISSN (online) 2046-4053
    ISSN 2046-4053
    DOI 10.1186/s13643-023-02219-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Long distance airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: rapid systematic review.

    Duval, Daphne / Palmer, Jennifer C / Tudge, Isobel / Pearce-Smith, Nicola / O'Connell, Emer / Bennett, Allan / Clark, Rachel

    BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    2022  Volume 377, Page(s) e068743

    Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the potential for long distance airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor community settings and to investigate factors that might influence transmission.: Design: Rapid systematic review and narrative synthesis.: Data ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the potential for long distance airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor community settings and to investigate factors that might influence transmission.
    Design: Rapid systematic review and narrative synthesis.
    Data sources: Medline, Embase, medRxiv, Arxiv, and WHO COVID-19 Research Database for studies published from 27 July 2020 to 19 January 2022; existing relevant rapid systematic review for studies published from 1 January 2020 to 27 July 2020; and citation analysis in Web of Science and Cocites.
    Eligibility criteria for study selection: Observational studies reporting on transmission events in indoor community (non-healthcare) settings in which long distance airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was the most likely route. Studies such as those of household transmission where the main transmission route was likely to be close contact or fomite transmission were excluded.
    Data extraction and synthesis: Data extraction was done by one reviewer and independently checked by a second reviewer. Primary outcomes were SARS-CoV-2 infections through long distance airborne transmission (>2 m) and any modifying factors. Methodological quality of included studies was rated using the quality criteria checklist, and certainty of primary outcomes was determined using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Narrative synthesis was themed by setting.
    Results: 22 reports relating to 18 studies were identified (methodological quality was high in three, medium in five, and low in 10); all the studies were outbreak investigations. Long distance airborne transmission was likely to have occurred for some or all transmission events in 16 studies and was unclear in two studies (GRADE: very low certainty). In the 16 studies, one or more factors plausibly increased the likelihood of long distance airborne transmission, particularly insufficient air replacement (very low certainty), directional air flow (very low certainty), and activities associated with increased emission of aerosols, such as singing or speaking loudly (very low certainty). In 13 studies, the primary cases were reported as being asymptomatic, presymptomatic, or around symptom onset at the time of transmission. Although some of the included studies were well conducted outbreak investigations, they remain at risk of bias owing to study design and do not always provide the level of detail needed to fully assess transmission routes.
    Conclusion: This rapid systematic review found evidence suggesting that long distance airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 might occur in indoor settings such as restaurants, workplaces, and venues for choirs, and identified factors such as insufficient air replacement that probably contributed to transmission. These results strengthen the need for mitigation measures in indoor settings, particularly the use of adequate ventilation.
    Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021236762.
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols ; COVID-19 ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Aerosols
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1362901-3
    ISSN 1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    ISSN (online) 1756-1833
    ISSN 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    DOI 10.1136/bmj-2021-068743
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 over distances greater than two metres: a rapid systematic review

    Palmer, Jennifer C / Duval, Daphne / Tudge, Isobel / Sarfo-Annin, Jason Kwasi / Pearce-Smith, Nicola / O’Connell, Emer / Bennett, Allan / Clark, Rachel

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Objective To evaluate the potential for long-distance (over two metres) airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor community settings and investigate factors which may impact this transmission. Design Systematic review and narrative synthesis. Data ... ...

    Abstract Objective To evaluate the potential for long-distance (over two metres) airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor community settings and investigate factors which may impact this transmission. Design Systematic review and narrative synthesis. Data source MEDLINE, Embase, medRxiv, Arxiv and WHO COVID-19 Research Database for studies published from 27 July 2020 to 21 April 2021; existing relevant rapid systematic reviews for studies published between 1 January to 27 July 2020. Eligibility criteria for study selection Observational studies that included a thorough epidemiological assessment of routes of transmission and which reported on the likelihood of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at a distance greater than two metres in indoor community settings. Data extraction and synthesis Data extraction was completed by one reviewer and independently checked by a second reviewer. Primary outcomes were COVID-19 infections via airborne transmission over distances greater than two metres and any factors that may have modified transmission risk. Included studies were rated using a quality criteria checklist (QCC) for primary research and certainty of key outcomes was determined using GRADE. Narrative synthesis was themed by setting. Results Of the 3,780 articles screened for inclusion, 15 publications reporting on 13 epidemiological investigations were included (three high, six medium and four low quality). Airborne transmission at distances greater than two metres was likely to have occurred for some or all transmission events in 12 studies and was unclear in one study (GRADE: very low certainty). In all studies, one or more factors plausibly increased the likelihood of long-distance airborne transmission occurring, particularly insufficient air replacement (GRADE: very low certainty), recirculating air flow (GRADE: very low certainty) and singing (GRADE: very low certainty). In nine studies, the primary cases were reported as being asymptomatic, presymptomatic or around symptom onset at the time of transmission. Conclusion This rapid systematic review found evidence of long-distance airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor community settings and identified factors that likely contributed to this transmission in all included studies. These results strengthen the need for adequate mitigation measures in indoor community settings, particularly adequate ventilation with fresh air, and caution required with the use of recirculating air flow systems. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42021236762
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-20
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2021.10.19.21265208
    Database COVID19

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  4. Article ; Online: All-optical phase modulation for integrated interferometric biosensors.

    Dante, Stefania / Duval, Daphné / Sepúlveda, Borja / González-Guerrero, Ana Belen / Sendra, José Ramón / Lechuga, Laura M

    Optics express

    2012  Volume 20, Issue 7, Page(s) 7195–7205

    Abstract: We present the theoretical and the experimental implementation of an all-optical phase modulation system in integrated Mach-Zehnder Interferometers to solve the drawbacks related to the periodic nature of the interferometric signal. Sensor phase is tuned ...

    Abstract We present the theoretical and the experimental implementation of an all-optical phase modulation system in integrated Mach-Zehnder Interferometers to solve the drawbacks related to the periodic nature of the interferometric signal. Sensor phase is tuned by modulating the emission wavelength of low-cost commercial laser diodes by changing their output power. FFT deconvolution of the signal allows for direct phase readout, immune to sensitivity variations and to light intensity fluctuations. This simple phase modulation scheme increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurements in one order of magnitude, rendering in a sensor with a detection limit of 1.9·10⁻⁷ RIU. The viability of the all-optical modulation approach is demonstrated with an immunoassay detection as a biosensing proof of concept.
    MeSH term(s) Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; Immunoassay/instrumentation ; Interferometry/instrumentation ; Systems Integration
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-03-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1491859-6
    ISSN 1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
    ISSN (online) 1094-4087
    ISSN 1094-4087
    DOI 10.1364/OE.20.007195
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Nanophotonic lab-on-a-chip platforms including novel bimodal interferometers, microfluidics and grating couplers.

    Duval, Daphné / González-Guerrero, Ana Belén / Dante, Stefania / Osmond, Johann / Monge, Rosa / Fernández, Luis J / Zinoviev, Kirill E / Domínguez, Carlos / Lechuga, Laura M

    Lab on a chip

    2012  Volume 12, Issue 11, Page(s) 1987–1994

    Abstract: One of the main limitations for achieving truly lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices for point-of-care diagnosis is the incorporation of the "on-chip" detection. Indeed, most of the state-of-the-art LOC devices usually require complex read-out instrumentation, ... ...

    Abstract One of the main limitations for achieving truly lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices for point-of-care diagnosis is the incorporation of the "on-chip" detection. Indeed, most of the state-of-the-art LOC devices usually require complex read-out instrumentation, losing the main advantages of portability and simplicity. In this context, we present our last advances towards the achievement of a portable and label-free LOC platform with highly sensitive "on-chip" detection by using nanophotonic biosensors. Bimodal waveguide interferometers fabricated by standard silicon processes have been integrated with sub-micronic grating couplers for efficient light in-coupling, showing a phase resolution of 6.6 × 10(-4)× 2π rad and a limit of detection of 3.3 × 10(-7) refractive index unit (RIU) in bulk. A 3D network of SU-8 polymer microfluidics monolithically assembled at the wafer-level was included, ensuring perfect sealing and compact packaging. To overcome some of the drawbacks inherent to interferometric read-outs, a novel all-optical wavelength modulation system has been implemented, providing a linear response and a direct read-out of the phase variation. Sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of the wavelength modulated BiMW sensor has been demonstrated through the label-free immunodetection of the human hormone hTSH at picomolar level using a reliable biofunctionalization process.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies/immunology ; Biosensing Techniques ; Humans ; Interferometry/instrumentation ; Interferometry/methods ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/instrumentation ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/methods ; Nanotechnology/instrumentation ; Nanotechnology/methods ; Optics and Photonics/instrumentation ; Optics and Photonics/methods ; Refractometry ; Thyrotropin/analysis ; Thyrotropin/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies ; Thyrotropin (9002-71-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-05-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2056646-3
    ISSN 1473-0189 ; 1473-0197
    ISSN (online) 1473-0189
    ISSN 1473-0197
    DOI 10.1039/c2lc40054e
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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