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  1. Article: The BALB/c Mouse Model for the Evaluation of Therapies to Treat Infections with Aerosolized

    Nelson, Michelle / Barnes, Kay B / Davies, Carwyn H / Cote, Christopher K / Meinig, J Matthew / Biryukov, Sergei S / Dyer, David N / Frick, Ondraya / Heine, Henry / Pfefferle, Denise A / Horstman-Smith, Amanda / Barbaras, Julie / Harding, Sarah V

    Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 3

    Abstract: Burkholderia ... ...

    Abstract Burkholderia pseudomallei
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2681345-2
    ISSN 2079-6382
    ISSN 2079-6382
    DOI 10.3390/antibiotics12030506
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Stability of SARS-CoV-2 on Produce following a Low-Dose Aerosol Exposure.

    Haddow, Andrew D / Watt, Taylor R / Bloomfield, Holly A / Shamblin, Joshua D / Dyer, David N / Harbourt, David E

    The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

    2020  Volume 103, Issue 5, Page(s) 2024–2025

    Abstract: We modeled the stability of SARS-CoV-2 on apples, tomatoes, and jalapeño peppers at two temperatures following a low-dose aerosol exposure designed to simulate an airborne transmission event involving droplet nuclei. Infectious virus was not recovered ... ...

    Abstract We modeled the stability of SARS-CoV-2 on apples, tomatoes, and jalapeño peppers at two temperatures following a low-dose aerosol exposure designed to simulate an airborne transmission event involving droplet nuclei. Infectious virus was not recovered postexposure.
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols ; Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; Fomites/virology ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Fruit/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Temperature ; Vegetables/virology
    Chemical Substances Aerosols
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2942-7
    ISSN 1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
    ISSN (online) 1476-1645
    ISSN 0002-9637
    DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1033
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  3. Article: Stability of SARS-CoV-2 on Produce following a Low-Dose Aerosol Exposure

    Haddow, Andrew D / Watt, Taylor R / Bloomfield, Holly A / Shamblin, Joshua D / Dyer, David N / Harbourt, David E

    Am J Trop Med Hyg

    Abstract: We modeled the stability of SARS-CoV-2 on apples, tomatoes, and jalapeño peppers at two temperatures following a low-dose aerosol exposure designed to simulate an airborne transmission event involving droplet nuclei. Infectious virus was not recovered ... ...

    Abstract We modeled the stability of SARS-CoV-2 on apples, tomatoes, and jalapeño peppers at two temperatures following a low-dose aerosol exposure designed to simulate an airborne transmission event involving droplet nuclei. Infectious virus was not recovered postexposure.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #769625
    Database COVID19

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  4. Article ; Online: Transient lipopolysaccharide-induced resistance to aerosolized Bacillus anthracis in New Zealand white rabbits.

    Yee, Steven B / Dyer, David N / Twenhafel, Nancy A / Pitt, M Louise M

    Comparative medicine

    2013  Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 252–261

    Abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that prior infection by various bacterial pathogens induces nonspecific resistance to subsequent infection by other gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial pathogens. In the present study, we evaluated whether ... ...

    Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that prior infection by various bacterial pathogens induces nonspecific resistance to subsequent infection by other gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial pathogens. In the present study, we evaluated whether underlying inflammation enhanced host resistance to inhalational Bacillus anthracis infection in New Zealand White rabbits (SPF; Bordetella- and Pasteurella-free). Accordingly, rabbits were pretreated with either the inflammagen bacterial LPS (60,000 EU/kg), a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, or saline (vehicle). Administration of LPS resulted in brief pyrexia and a significant increase in the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα, thus confirming LPS-induced inflammation. At 24 h after LPS treatment, rabbits were exposed to aerosolized B. anthracis spores (Ames strain; approximately 300 LD50). Blood samples collected at various times after challenge were cultured. Compared with their saline-pretreated counterparts, LPS-pretreated, B. anthracis challenged rabbits exhibited delays in 2 biomarkers of B. anthracis infection-anthrax-induced pyrexia (25 h versus 66 h after challenge, respectively) and bacteremia (26 h versus 63 h, respectively)-and survived longer (41 h versus 90 h, respectively). Similar to control animals, all LPS-pretreated, B. anthracis-challenged rabbits exhibited pathology consistent with inhalational anthrax. Taken together, these results suggest that prior or underlying stimulation of the innate immune system induces transient host resistance to subsequent B. anthracis infection in SPF New Zealand white rabbits. In particular, our results emphasize the importance of using animals that are free of underlying infections to prevent confounding data in studies for inhalational anthrax characterization and medical countermeasure evaluation.
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols ; Animals ; Anthrax/prevention & control ; Bacillus anthracis/pathogenicity ; Bacillus anthracis/physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Male ; Rabbits ; Spores, Bacterial
    Chemical Substances Aerosols ; Lipopolysaccharides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-05-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2006425-1
    ISSN 2769-819X ; 0023-6764 ; 1532-0820
    ISSN (online) 2769-819X
    ISSN 0023-6764 ; 1532-0820
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 601: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Exposure Route Influences Disease Severity in the COVID-19 Cynomolgus Macaque Model.

    Bixler, Sandra L / Stefan, Christopher P / Jay, Alexandra N / Rossi, Franco D / Ricks, Keersten M / Shoemaker, Charles J / Moreau, Alicia M / Zeng, Xiankun / Hooper, Jay W / Dyer, David N / Frick, Ondraya M / Koehler, Jeffrey W / Kearney, Brian J / DiPinto, Nina / Liu, Jun / Tostenson, Samantha D / Clements, Tamara L / Smith, Jeffrey M / Johnson, Joshua A /
    Berrier, Kerry L / Esham, Heather L / Delp, Korey L / Coyne, Susan R / Bloomfield, Holly A / Kuehnert, Paul A / Akers, Kristen / Gibson, Kathleen M / Minogue, Timothy D / Nalca, Aysegul / Pitt, Margaret L M

    Viruses

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 5

    Abstract: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent pandemic has highlighted the need for animal models that faithfully replicate the salient features of COVID-19 disease in humans. These models are necessary for the rapid selection, testing, and evaluation ... ...

    Abstract The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent pandemic has highlighted the need for animal models that faithfully replicate the salient features of COVID-19 disease in humans. These models are necessary for the rapid selection, testing, and evaluation of potential medical countermeasures. Here, we performed a direct comparison of two distinct routes of SARS-CoV-2 exposure-combined intratracheal/intranasal and small particle aerosol-in two nonhuman primate species, rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. While all four experimental groups displayed very few outward clinical signs, evidence of mild to moderate respiratory disease was present on radiographs and at necropsy. Cynomolgus macaques exposed via the aerosol route also developed the most consistent fever responses and had the most severe respiratory disease and pathology. This study demonstrates that while all four models produced suitable representations of mild COVID-like illness, aerosol exposure of cynomolgus macaques to SARS-CoV-2 produced the most severe disease, which may provide additional clinical endpoints for evaluating therapeutics and vaccines.
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; Disease Models, Animal ; Macaca fascicularis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index
    Chemical Substances Aerosols
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v14051013
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  6. Article: Aerosolized Bacillus anthracis infection in New Zealand white rabbits: natural history and intravenous levofloxacin treatment.

    Yee, Steven B / Hatkin, Joshua M / Dyer, David N / Orr, Steven A / Pitt, M Louise M

    Comparative medicine

    2011  Volume 60, Issue 6, Page(s) 461–468

    Abstract: The natural history for inhalational Bacillus anthracis (Ames strain) exposure in New Zealand white rabbits was investigated to better identify potential, early biomarkers of anthrax. Twelve SPF Bordetella-free rabbits were exposed to 150 LD(50) ... ...

    Abstract The natural history for inhalational Bacillus anthracis (Ames strain) exposure in New Zealand white rabbits was investigated to better identify potential, early biomarkers of anthrax. Twelve SPF Bordetella-free rabbits were exposed to 150 LD(50) aerosolized B. anthracis spores, and clinical signs, body temperature, complete blood count, bacteremia, and presence of protective antigen in the blood (that is, antigenemia) were examined. The development of antigenemia and bacteremia coincided and preceded both pyrexia and inversion of the heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, an indicator of infection. Antigenemia was determined within 1 h by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, compared with the 24-h traditional culture needed for bacteremia determination. Rabbits appeared clinically normal until shortly before succumbing to anthrax approximately 47 h after challenge or approximately 22 h after antigenemia, which suggests a relatively narrow therapeutic window of opportunity. To evaluate the therapeutic rabbit model, B. anthracis-exposed rabbits were treated (after determination of antigenemia and later confirmed to be bacteremic) intravenously with the fluoroquinolone antibiotic levofloxacin for 5 d at a total daily dose of 25 or 12.5 mg/kg, resulting in nearly 90% and 70% survival, respectively, to the study end (28 d after challenge). The peak level for 12.5 mg/kg was equivalent to that observed for a 500-mg daily levofloxacin dose in humans. These results suggest that intravenous levofloxacin is an effective therapeutic against inhalational anthrax. Taken together, our findings indicate that antigenemia is a viable and early biomarker for B. anthracis infection that can be used as a treatment trigger to allow for timely intervention against this highly pathogenic disease.
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols ; Animals ; Anthrax/diagnosis ; Anthrax/drug therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Antigens, Bacterial/blood ; Bacillus anthracis/immunology ; Bacteremia/diagnosis ; Bacteremia/drug therapy ; Biomarkers/blood ; Female ; Levofloxacin ; Male ; Ofloxacin/administration & dosage ; Ofloxacin/therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; Spores, Bacterial ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Aerosols ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antigens, Bacterial ; Biomarkers ; Levofloxacin (6GNT3Y5LMF) ; Ofloxacin (A4P49JAZ9H)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-01-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2006425-1
    ISSN 1532-0820 ; 0023-6764
    ISSN 1532-0820 ; 0023-6764
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 601: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  7. Article: Aerosolized Bacillus anthracis Infection in New Zealand White Rabbits: Natural History and Intravenous Levofloxacin Treatment

    Yee, Steven B / Hatkin, Joshua M / Dyer, David N / Orr, Steven A / Pitt, M. Louise M

    Comparative medicine. 2010 Dec., v. 60, no. 6

    2010  

    Abstract: The natural history for inhalational Bacillus anthracis (Ames strain) exposure in New Zealand white rabbits was investigated to better identify potential, early biomarkers of anthrax. Twelve SPF Bordetella-free rabbits were exposed to 150 LD50 ... ...

    Abstract The natural history for inhalational Bacillus anthracis (Ames strain) exposure in New Zealand white rabbits was investigated to better identify potential, early biomarkers of anthrax. Twelve SPF Bordetella-free rabbits were exposed to 150 LD50 aerosolized B. anthracis spores, and clinical signs, body temperature, complete blood count, bacteremia, and presence of protective antigen in the blood (that is, antigenemia) were examined. The development of antigenemia and bacteremia coincided and preceded both pyrexia and inversion of the heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, an indicator of infection. Antigenemia was determined within 1 h by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, compared with the 24-h traditional culture needed for bacteremia determination. Rabbits appeared clinically normal until shortly before succumbing to anthrax approximately 47 h after challenge or approximately 22 h after antigenemia, which suggests a relatively narrow therapeutic window of opportunity. To evaluate the therapeutic rabbit model, B. anthracis-exposed rabbits were treated (after determination of antigenemia and later confirmed to be bacteremic) intravenously with the fluoroquinolone antibiotic levofloxacin for 5 d at a total daily dose of 25 or 12.5 mg/kg, resulting in nearly 90% and 70% survival, respectively, to the study end (28 d after challenge). The peak level for 12.5 mg/kg was equivalent to that observed for a 500-mg daily levofloxacin dose in humans. These results suggest that intravenous levofloxacin is an effective therapeutic against inhalational anthrax. Taken together, our findings indicate that antigenemia is a viable and early biomarker for B. anthracis infection that can be used as a treatment trigger to allow for timely intervention against this highly pathogenic disease.
    Keywords Bacillus anthracis ; anthrax ; antibiotics ; antigens ; bacteremia ; biomarkers ; blood ; body temperature ; fluoroquinolones ; humans ; immunoassays ; intravenous injection ; lethal dose 50 ; models ; rabbits ; spores
    Language English
    Size p. 461-468.
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1532-0820
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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