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Article ; Online: Phage-delivered melittin for oral squamous cell Carcinoma: A potential therapeutic agent.

Easwaran, Maheswaran / Abdelrahman, Fatma / Madasamy, Sivagnanavelmurugan / Venkidasamy, Baskar

2024 , Page(s) 112163

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2043785-7
ISSN	1878-1705 ; 1567-5769
ISSN (online)	1878-1705
ISSN	1567-5769
DOI	10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112163
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Article ; Online: Nanotechnology Approaches for the Remediation of Agricultural Polluted Soils.

Dhanapal, Anand Raj / Thiruvengadam, Muthu / Vairavanathan, Jayavarshini / Venkidasamy, Baskar / Easwaran, Maheswaran / Ghorbanpour, Mansour

ACS omega

2024 Volume 9, Issue 12, Page(s) 13522–13533

Abstract: Soil pollution from various anthropogenic and natural activities poses a significant threat to the environment and human health. This study explored the sources and types of soil pollution and emphasized the need for innovative remediation approaches. ... ...

Abstract	Soil pollution from various anthropogenic and natural activities poses a significant threat to the environment and human health. This study explored the sources and types of soil pollution and emphasized the need for innovative remediation approaches. Nanotechnology, including the use of nanoparticles, is a promising approach for remediation. Diverse types of nanomaterials, including nanobiosorbents and nanobiosurfactants, have shown great potential in soil remediation processes. Nanotechnology approaches to soil pollution remediation are multifaceted. Reduction reactions and immobilization techniques demonstrate the versatility of nanomaterials in mitigating soil pollution. Nanomicrobial-based bioremediation further enhances the efficiency of pollutant degradation in agricultural soils. A literature-based screening was conducted using different search engines, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, from 2010 to 2023. Keywords such as "soil pollution, nanotechnology, nanoremediation, heavy metal remediation, soil remediation" and combinations of these were used. The remediation of heavy metals using nanotechnology has demonstrated promising results and offers an eco-friendly and sustainable solution to address this critical issue. Nanobioremediation is a robust strategy for combatting organic contamination in soils, including pesticides and herbicides. The use of nanophytoremediation, in which nanomaterials assist plants in extracting and detoxifying pollutants, represents a cutting-edge and environmentally friendly approach for tackling soil pollution.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2470-1343
ISSN (online)	2470-1343
DOI	10.1021/acsomega.3c09776
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Article ; Online: Boosting plant resilience: The promise of rare earth nanomaterials in growth, physiology, and stress mitigation.

Thiruvengadam, Rekha / Easwaran, Maheswaran / Rethinam, Senthil / Madasamy, Sivagnanavelmurugan / Siddiqui, Shahida Anusha / Kandhaswamy, Anandhi / Venkidasamy, Baskar

Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB

2024 Volume 208, Page(s) 108519

Abstract: Rare earth elements (REE) have been extensively used in a variety of applications such as cell phones, electric vehicles, and lasers. REEs are also used as nanomaterials (NMs), which have distinctive features that make them suitable candidates for ... ...

Abstract	Rare earth elements (REE) have been extensively used in a variety of applications such as cell phones, electric vehicles, and lasers. REEs are also used as nanomaterials (NMs), which have distinctive features that make them suitable candidates for biomedical applications. In this review, we have highlighted the role of rare earth element nanomaterials (REE-NMs) in the growth of plants and physiology, including seed sprouting rate, shoot biomass, root biomass, and photosynthetic parameters. In addition, we discuss the role of REE-NMs in the biochemical and molecular responses of plants. Crucially, REE-NMs influence the primary metabolites of plants, namely sugars, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, enzymes, polyols, sorbitol, and mannitol, and secondary metabolites, like terpenoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and sulfur-containing compounds. Despite their protective effects, elevated concentrations of NMs are reported to induce toxicity and affect plant growth when compared with lower concentrations, and they not only induce toxicity in plants but also affect soil microbes, aquatic organisms, and humans via the food chain. Overall, we are still at an early stage of understanding the role of REE in plant physiology and growth, and it is essential to examine the interaction of nanoparticles with plant metabolites and their impact on the expression of plant genes and signaling networks.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Resilience, Psychological ; Metals, Rare Earth/analysis ; Metals, Rare Earth/chemistry ; Metals, Rare Earth/metabolism ; Plants/metabolism ; Plant Development ; Soil/chemistry ; Nanostructures
Chemical Substances	Metals, Rare Earth ; Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-11
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	742978-2
ISSN	1873-2690 ; 0981-9428
ISSN (online)	1873-2690
ISSN	0981-9428
DOI	10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108519
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Article ; Online: Phages as delivery vehicles and phage display.

Makky, Salsabil / Abdelrahman, Fatma / Easwaran, Maheswaran / Safwat, Anan / El-Shibiny, Ayman

Progress in molecular biology and translational science

2023 Volume 201, Page(s) 119–132

Abstract: Bacteriophages (Phages in short) were introduced as the natural enemy of bacteria that may act as alternatives to antibiotics to overcome the challenge of antibiotic resistance. However, in the recent history of science, phages have been employed in ... ...

Abstract	Bacteriophages (Phages in short) were introduced as the natural enemy of bacteria that may act as alternatives to antibiotics to overcome the challenge of antibiotic resistance. However, in the recent history of science, phages have been employed in different molecular tools and used in numerous therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. Furthermore, thanks to the phage`s highly specific host range limited to prokaryotes, phage particles can be used as safe delivery vehicles and display systems. In this chapter, different phage display systems are introduced, in addition to various applications of phage display as a molecular and therapeutic tool in developing vaccines, antibacterial, and anti-cancer treatments.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Bacteriophages ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2471995-X
ISSN	1878-0814 ; 0079-6603 ; 1877-1173
ISSN (online)	1878-0814
ISSN	0079-6603 ; 1877-1173
DOI	10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.013
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Article ; Online: Phages for treatment Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Makky, Salsabil / Abdelrahman, Fatma / Rezk, Nouran / Easwaran, Maheswaran / El-Shibiny, Ayman

Progress in molecular biology and translational science

2023 Volume 201, Page(s) 1–19

Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is denoted as one of the highly threatening bacteria to the public health. It has acquired many virulent factors and resistant genes that make it difficult to control with conventional antibiotics. Thus, bacteriophage therapy ( ... ...

Abstract	Pseudomonas aeruginosa is denoted as one of the highly threatening bacteria to the public health. It has acquired many virulent factors and resistant genes that make it difficult to control with conventional antibiotics. Thus, bacteriophage therapy (phage therapy) is a proposed alternative to antibiotics to fight against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. Many phages have been isolated that exhibit a broad spectrum of activity against P. aeruginosa. In this chapter, the common virulent factors and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistance genes in P. aeruginosa were reported. In addition, recent efforts in the field of phage therapy against P. aeruginosa were highlighted, including wild-type phages, genetically modified phages, phage cocktails, and phage in combination with antibiotics against P. aeruginosa in the planktonic and biofilm forms. Recent regulations on phage therapy were also covered in this chapter.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2471995-X
ISSN	1878-0814 ; 0079-6603 ; 1877-1173
ISSN (online)	1878-0814
ISSN	0079-6603 ; 1877-1173
DOI	10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.014
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Article ; Online: Application of phage therapy: Synergistic effect of phage EcSw (ΦEcSw) and antibiotic combination towards antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli.

Easwaran, Maheswaran / De Zoysa, Mahanama / Shin, Hyun-Jin

Transboundary and emerging diseases

2020 Volume 67, Issue 6, Page(s) 2809–2817

Abstract: Bacteriophage therapy is acknowledged as a potential tool to prevent or treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. In this study, our major focus was on the bacteriolytic activity of phage EcSw (ΦEcSw) against the emergence of the clinically ... ...

Abstract	Bacteriophage therapy is acknowledged as a potential tool to prevent or treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. In this study, our major focus was on the bacteriolytic activity of phage EcSw (ΦEcSw) against the emergence of the clinically important Escherichia coli Sw1 and E. coli O157:H7. The amount of the antibiotics was changed in a concentration-dependent manner, and the ΦEcSw susceptibility to antibiotics was determined. The kanamycin and chloramphenicol inhibited the titre of phage, but ampicillin did not show phage inhibition. Though the kanamycin and chloramphenicol controlled the growth of Sw1 in a concentration-dependent manner, the ampicillin did not due to the resistance. The combined activity of the ΦEcSw with antibiotics (kanamycin and chloramphenicol) compared with the antibiotics alone showed significant lytic activity p < .001). In addition, phage-based therapy was evaluated for controlling the multidrug-resistant E. coli Sw1 and E. coli O157:H7 in zebrafish and BALB/c mice, respectively. Our results provide novel advantages of phage therapy and phage-antibiotic therapy to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
MeSH term(s)	Ampicillin/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacteriophages/physiology ; Chloramphenicol/therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects ; Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy ; Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary ; Escherichia coli O157/drug effects ; Kanamycin/therapeutic use ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Microbial Viability/drug effects ; Phage Therapy/veterinary ; Zebrafish
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Kanamycin (59-01-8) ; Chloramphenicol (66974FR9Q1) ; Ampicillin (7C782967RD)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-05
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2414822-2
ISSN	1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
ISSN (online)	1865-1682
ISSN	1865-1674
DOI	10.1111/tbed.13646
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Article ; Online: The recent outbreaks of human coronaviruses: A medicinal chemistry perspective.

Pillaiyar, Thanigaimalai / Wendt, Lukas L / Manickam, Manoj / Easwaran, Maheswaran

Medicinal research reviews

2020 Volume 41, Issue 1, Page(s) 72–135

Abstract: Coronaviruses (CoVs) infect both humans and animals. In humans, CoVs can cause respiratory, kidney, heart, brain, and intestinal infections that can range from mild to lethal. Since the start of the 21st century, three β-coronaviruses have crossed the ... ...

Abstract	Coronaviruses (CoVs) infect both humans and animals. In humans, CoVs can cause respiratory, kidney, heart, brain, and intestinal infections that can range from mild to lethal. Since the start of the 21st century, three β-coronaviruses have crossed the species barrier to infect humans: severe-acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-1, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV). These viruses are dangerous and can easily be transmitted from human to human. Therefore, the development of anticoronaviral therapies is urgently needed. However, to date, no approved vaccines or drugs against CoV infections are available. In this review, we focus on the medicinal chemistry efforts toward the development of antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, targeting biochemical events important for viral replication and its life cycle. These targets include the spike glycoprotein and its host-receptors for viral entry, proteases that are essential for cleaving polyproteins to produce functional proteins, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for viral RNA replication.
MeSH term(s)	Antiviral Agents/chemistry ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Disease Outbreaks ; Drug Repositioning ; Humans ; Virus Internalization/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	603210-2
ISSN	1098-1128 ; 0198-6325
ISSN (online)	1098-1128
ISSN	0198-6325
DOI	10.1002/med.21724
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Article: Learning From Mistakes: The Role of Phages in Pandemics.

Alsaadi, Ahlam / Beamud, Beatriz / Easwaran, Maheswaran / Abdelrahman, Fatma / El-Shibiny, Ayman / Alghoribi, Majed F / Domingo-Calap, Pilar

Frontiers in microbiology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 653107

Abstract: The misuse of antibiotics is leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, and in the absence of available treatments, this has become a major global threat. In the middle of the recent severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ...

Abstract	The misuse of antibiotics is leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, and in the absence of available treatments, this has become a major global threat. In the middle of the recent severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, which has challenged the whole world, the emergence of MDR bacteria is increasing due to prophylactic administration of antibiotics to intensive care unit patients to prevent secondary bacterial infections. This is just an example underscoring the need to seek alternative treatments against MDR bacteria. To this end, phage therapy has been proposed as a promising tool. However, further research in the field is mandatory to assure safety protocols and to develop appropriate regulations for its use in clinics. This requires investing more in such non-conventional or alternative therapeutic approaches, to develop new treatment regimens capable of reducing the emergence of MDR and preventing future global public health concerns that could lead to incalculable human and economic losses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2021.653107
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Article: The recent outbreaks of human coronaviruses: A medicinal chemistry perspective

Pillaiyar, Thanigaimalai / Wendt, Lukas L / Manickam, Manoj / Easwaran, Maheswaran

Med. res. rev

Abstract	Coronaviruses (CoVs) infect both humans and animals. In humans, CoVs can cause respiratory, kidney, heart, brain, and intestinal infections that can range from mild to lethal. Since the start of the 21st century, three ß-coronaviruses have crossed the species barrier to infect humans: severe-acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-1, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV). These viruses are dangerous and can easily be transmitted from human to human. Therefore, the development of anticoronaviral therapies is urgently needed. However, to date, no approved vaccines or drugs against CoV infections are available. In this review, we focus on the medicinal chemistry efforts toward the development of antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, targeting biochemical events important for viral replication and its life cycle. These targets include the spike glycoprotein and its host-receptors for viral entry, proteases that are essential for cleaving polyproteins to produce functional proteins, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for viral RNA replication.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #731602
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Functional characterization of a novel lytic phage EcSw isolated from Sus scrofa domesticus and its potential for phage therapy.

Easwaran, Maheswaran / Paudel, Sarita / De Zoysa, Mahanama / Shin, Hyun-Jin

Molecular and cellular probes

2015 Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 151–157

Abstract: In this study, multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli Sw1 (E. coli Sw1) and active lytic phage EcSw was isolated from feces samples of Sus scrofa domesticus (piglet) suffering from diarrhea. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that isolated ... ...

Abstract	In this study, multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli Sw1 (E. coli Sw1) and active lytic phage EcSw was isolated from feces samples of Sus scrofa domesticus (piglet) suffering from diarrhea. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that isolated EcSw belongs to the Myoviridae family with an icosahedral head (80 ± 4) and a long tail (180 ± 5 nm). The EcSw phage genome size was estimated to be approximately 75 Kb of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Phage dynamic studies show that the latent period and burst size of EcSw were approximately 20 min and 28 PFU per cell, respectively. Interestingly, the EcSw phage can tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions, such as temperature, pH and ions (Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)). Furthermore, genome sequence analysis revealed that the lytic genes of the EcSw phage are notably similar to those of enterobacteria phages. In addition, phage-antibiotic synergy has notable effects compared with the effects of phages or antibiotics alone. Inhibition of E. coli Sw1 and 0157:H7 strains showed that the limitations of host specificity and infectivity of EcSw. Even though, it has considerable potential for phage therapy for handling the problem of the emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biological Therapy ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics ; Escherichia coli/virology ; Genome, Viral ; Host Specificity/genetics ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Metals ; Microbial Viability ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Myoviridae/genetics ; Myoviridae/metabolism ; Myoviridae/pathogenicity ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sus scrofa/microbiology ; Sus scrofa/virology ; Temperature
Chemical Substances	Metals
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639082-1
ISSN	1096-1194 ; 0890-8508
ISSN (online)	1096-1194
ISSN	0890-8508
DOI	10.1016/j.mcp.2015.03.004
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