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  1. AU="Eberhardt, Steffen T"
  2. AU="Silwinska-Stanczyk, Paula"

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  1. Article ; Online: Decoding emotions: Exploring the validity of sentiment analysis in psychotherapy.

    Eberhardt, Steffen T / Schaffrath, Jana / Moggia, Danilo / Schwartz, Brian / Jaehde, Martin / Rubel, Julian A / Baur, Tobias / André, Elisabeth / Lutz, Wolfgang

    Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research

    2024  , Page(s) 1–16

    Abstract: Objective: Given the importance of emotions in psychotherapy, valid measures are essential for research and practice. As emotions are expressed at different levels, multimodal measurements are needed for a nuanced assessment. Natural Language Processing ...

    Abstract Objective: Given the importance of emotions in psychotherapy, valid measures are essential for research and practice. As emotions are expressed at different levels, multimodal measurements are needed for a nuanced assessment. Natural Language Processing (NLP) could augment the measurement of emotions. The study explores the validity of sentiment analysis in psychotherapy transcripts.
    Method: We used a transformer-based NLP algorithm to analyze sentiments in 85 transcripts from 35 patients. Construct and criterion validity were evaluated using self- and therapist reports and process and outcome measures via correlational, multitrait-multimethod, and multilevel analyses.
    Results: The results provide indications in support of the sentiments' validity. For example, sentiments were significantly related to self- and therapist reports of emotions in the same session. Sentiments correlated significantly with in-session processes (e.g., coping experiences), and an increase in positive sentiments throughout therapy predicted better outcomes after treatment termination.
    Discussion: Sentiment analysis could serve as a valid approach to assessing the emotional tone of psychotherapy sessions and may contribute to the multimodal measurement of emotions. Future research could combine sentiment analysis with automatic emotion recognition in facial expressions and vocal cues via the Nonverbal Behavior Analyzer (NOVA). Limitations (e.g., exploratory study with numerous tests) and opportunities are discussed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1080323-3
    ISSN 1468-4381 ; 1050-3307
    ISSN (online) 1468-4381
    ISSN 1050-3307
    DOI 10.1080/10503307.2024.2322522
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 3316: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  2. Article: Validation and application of the Non-Verbal Behavior Analyzer: An automated tool to assess non-verbal emotional expressions in psychotherapy.

    Terhürne, Patrick / Schwartz, Brian / Baur, Tobias / Schiller, Dominik / Eberhardt, Steffen T / André, Elisabeth / Lutz, Wolfgang

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 1026015

    Abstract: Background: Emotions play a key role in psychotherapy. However, a problem with examining emotional states via self-report questionnaires is that the assessment usually takes place after the actual emotion has been experienced which might lead to biases ... ...

    Abstract Background: Emotions play a key role in psychotherapy. However, a problem with examining emotional states via self-report questionnaires is that the assessment usually takes place after the actual emotion has been experienced which might lead to biases and continuous human ratings are time and cost intensive. Using the AI-based software package Non-Verbal Behavior Analyzer (NOVA), video-based emotion recognition of arousal and valence can be applied in naturalistic psychotherapeutic settings. In this study, four emotion recognition models (ERM) each based on specific feature sets (facial: OpenFace, OpenFace-Aureg; body: OpenPose-Activation, OpenPose-Energy) were developed and compared in their ability to predict arousal and valence scores correlated to PANAS emotion scores and processes of change (interpersonal experience, coping experience, affective experience) as well as symptoms (depression and anxiety in HSCL-11).
    Materials and methods: A total of 183 patient therapy videos were divided into a training sample (55 patients), a test sample (50 patients), and a holdout sample (78 patients). The best ERM was selected for further analyses. Then, ERM based arousal and valence scores were correlated with patient and therapist estimates of emotions and processes of change. Furthermore, using regression models arousal and valence were examined as predictors of symptom severity in depression and anxiety.
    Results: The ERM based on OpenFace produced the best agreement to the human coder rating. Arousal and valence correlated significantly with therapists' ratings of sadness, shame, anxiety, and relaxation, but not with the patient ratings of their own emotions. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation indicates that negative valence was associated with higher affective experience. Negative valence was found to significantly predict higher anxiety but not depression scores.
    Conclusion: This study shows that emotion recognition with NOVA can be used to generate ERMs associated with patient emotions, affective experiences and symptoms. Nevertheless, limitations were obvious. It seems necessary to improve the ERMs using larger databases of sessions and the validity of ERMs needs to be further investigated in different samples and different applications. Furthermore, future research should take ERMs to identify emotional synchrony between patient and therapists into account.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1026015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Masculine depression

    McDermott, Ryon C. / Addis, Michael / Gazarian, Douglas / Eberhardt, Steffen T. / Brasil, Kyle M.

    Psychology of Men & Masculinity

    A person-centric perspective

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 4, Page(s) 362–373

    Abstract: The construct of masculine depression is believed to be evident when men express their depressive symptomology via externalizing problems (e.g., anger, substance use, and compulsive overworking) rather than or in addition to traditional, internalizing ... ...

    Title translation Maskuline Depression: Eine personenzentrierte Perspektive
    Abstract The construct of masculine depression is believed to be evident when men express their depressive symptomology via externalizing problems (e.g., anger, substance use, and compulsive overworking) rather than or in addition to traditional, internalizing expression of depression (e.g., sadness, hopelessness, and feeling helpless). We examined whether distinct subgroups of men potentially at risk for depression could be identified based on their self-reported levels of internalizing and externalizing depressive symptomology. Latent profile analysis (LPA) using traditional (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) and masculine (Masculine Depression Scale [MDS]) self-report measures of depression in an online sample of 910 male Mechanical Turk (MTurk) workers in the United States revealed support for a four-class solution: Low Internalizing-Low Externalizing (LI-LE; n = 519), High Internalizing-Moderate Externalizing (HI-ME; n = 68), High Internalizing-High Externalizing (HI-HE; n = 120), and Moderate Internalizing-Moderate Externalizing (MI-ME; n = 209). The LPA indicators and responses to auxiliary measures of traditional masculinity ideology, conformity to masculine role norms, and male depression risk suggested the HI-HE class best represented a masculine depression subtype, whereas the HI-ME class best represented a traditional expression of depression. Consistent with expectations, men in the HI-HE class reported the greatest levels of traditional masculinity ideology and higher levels of male depression risk. However, men in this class reported lower conformity to emotional control and self-reliance masculine norms than men in the HI-ME class. These results highlight the importance of a person-centric perspective of masculine depression but raise questions regarding the conceptualization of the construct in relation to traditional masculine role norms. Public Significance Statement: The masculine depression framework implies that men's gender role socialization pushes them away from traditional expressions of depression, such as sadness and feeling hopeless, toward symptoms that are more masculinity-congruent (e.g., anger, substance use, and or overworking). The present study examined whether distinct subgroups of men who had recently experienced a stressful life event could be statistically identified based on their expressions of traditional and masculinity-congruent depressive symptoms, as well as whether a group of men would naturally emerge from these data that express depression in a traditionally masculine way. Our results suggest that men who endorse the highest levels of masculinity-congruent depressive symptoms and concurrent endorsement of rigid stereotypes about what men should be and do may also report high levels of traditional depression symptomology.
    Keywords Einstellungen zur Geschlechtsrolle ; Externalisation ; Externalization ; Geschlechtsrollen ; Human Males ; Internalisierung ; Internalization ; Major Depression ; Masculinity ; Männer ; Männlichkeit ; Sex Role Attitudes ; Sex Roles
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2103353-5
    ISSN 1939-151X ; 1524-9220
    ISSN (online) 1939-151X
    ISSN 1524-9220
    DOI 10.1037/men0000396
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  4. Article ; Online: Precision Mental Health and Data-Informed Decision Support in Psychological Therapy: An Example.

    Lutz, Wolfgang / Schaffrath, Jana / Eberhardt, Steffen T / Hehlmann, Miriam I / Schwartz, Brian / Deisenhofer, Ann-Kathrin / Vehlen, Antonia / Schürmann, Stephanie Vaccarezza / Uhl, Jessica / Moggia, Danilo

    Administration and policy in mental health

    2023  

    Abstract: Outcome measurement including data-informed decision support for therapists in psychological therapy has developed impressively over the past two decades. New technological developments such as computerized data assessment, and feedback tools have ... ...

    Abstract Outcome measurement including data-informed decision support for therapists in psychological therapy has developed impressively over the past two decades. New technological developments such as computerized data assessment, and feedback tools have facilitated advanced implementation in several seetings. Recent developments try to improve the clinical decision-making process by connecting clinical practice better with empirical data. For example, psychometric data can be used by clinicians to personalize the selection of therapeutic programs, strategies or modules and to monitor a patient's response to therapy in real time. Furthermore, clinical support tools can be used to improve the treatment for patients at risk for a negative outcome. Therefore, measurement-based care can be seen as an important and integral part of clinical competence, practice, and training. This is comparable to many other areas in the healthcare system, where continuous monitoring of health indicators is common in day-to-day clinical practice (e.g., fever, blood pressure). In this paper, we present the basic concepts of a data-informed decision support system for tailoring individual psychological interventions to specific patient needs, and discuss the implications for implementing this form of precision mental health in clinical practice.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1025319-1
    ISSN 1573-3289 ; 0894-587X
    ISSN (online) 1573-3289
    ISSN 0894-587X
    DOI 10.1007/s10488-023-01330-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 2126: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article: Ein offenes transtheoretisches Therapie- und Trainingsmodell (4TM) . Konzept für eine evidenzbasierte und personalisierte Psychotherapie-Praxis sowie Aus- und Weiterbildung

    Lutz, Wolfgang / Schwartz, Brian / Deisenhofer, Anne-Kathrina / Hehlmann, Miriam I. / Eberhardt, Steffen T. / Bommer, Jana / Vehlen, Antonia / Edelbluth, Susanne / Poster, Kaitlyn / Moggia, Danilo / Weinmann-Lutz, Birgit / Rubel, Julian A. / Schaffrath, Jana

    Die Psychotherapie

    2024  Volume 69, Issue 1, Page(s) 5–14

    Abstract: Hintergrund: Vorgestellt werden die konzeptionellen Grundlagen sowie die klinischen Implikationen eines forschungsbasierten transtheoretischen Therapie- und Trainingsmodells (4TM) vorgestellt; dieses kann das Fundament für eine zukünftige evidenzbasierte ...

    Title translation An open transtheoretical treatment and training model (4TM). Concept for an evidence-based and personalized psychotherapy in clinical practice and training
    Abstract Hintergrund: Vorgestellt werden die konzeptionellen Grundlagen sowie die klinischen Implikationen eines forschungsbasierten transtheoretischen Therapie- und Trainingsmodells (4TM) vorgestellt; dieses kann das Fundament für eine zukünftige evidenzbasierte und personalisierte Psychotherapiepraxis sowie Aus- und Weiterbildung in der Psychotherapie darstellen. Ziel der Arbeit: Ableitung und Darstellung eines wissenschaftlich basierten, offenen transtheoretischen Rahmenmodells für die Psychotherapiepraxis sowie Aus- und Weiterbildung in der Psychotherapie. Methode: Das Modell versucht, Erkenntnisse aus der Psychotherapieforschung zu differenziellen Behandlungsergebnissen, der Feedback-Forschung, der Forschung zu Therapeutenunterschieden sowie der Forschung zu Veränderungsprozessen und modernen technischen Entwicklungen in ein offenes konzeptionelles Rahmenmodell für die klinische Praxis und Ausbildung zusammenzuführen. Ergebnisse: Das Modell basiert auf Interventionen, die bei Patientinnen und Patienten Veränderungsprozesse auf Verhaltens-, kognitiver, emotionaler, motivationsbezogener, zwischenmenschlicher und systemischer/soziokultureller Ebene auslösen. Das 4TM umfasst außerdem ein datenbasiertes Entscheidungs- und Rückmeldesystem namens Trier Therapie Navigator (TTN). Diskussion: Es werden wichtige Probleme einer rein schulenbasierten Ausrichtung der Psychotherapie in Deutschland diskutiert und diese dem offenen Rahmen eines forschungs-, rückmeldungs- und prozessorientierten Konzepts als Leitfaden für transtheoretische Interventionen gegenübergestellt. Dieses Konzept kann eine Orientierung für eine wissenschaftsbasierte Psychotherapie, unter Berücksichtigung traditioneller sowie neuer klinischer Entwicklungen und Erkenntnisse aus der Psychotherapieforschung, bieten. Es kann sowohl an unterschiedliche Patientenpopulationen als auch kultursensitiv angepasst werden.
    Keywords Adaptive Behandlung ; Allgemeine Wirkfaktoren (Therapie) ; Client Treatment Matching ; Common Factors ; Evidence Based Practice ; Evidenzbasierte Praxis ; Feedback ; Individual Differences ; Individuelle Unterschiede ; Modelle ; Models ; Psychotherapeutic Outcomes ; Psychotherapeutic Processes ; Psychotherapeutische Prozesse ; Psychotherapie ; Psychotherapieausbildung ; Psychotherapieergebnisse ; Psychotherapy ; Psychotherapy Training
    Language German
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2731-7161
    ISSN 2731-7161
    DOI 10.1007/s00278-023-00699-x
    Database PSYNDEX

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  6. Article: Validation and application of the Non-Verbal Behavior Analyzer

    Terhürne, Patrick / Schwartz, Brian / Baur, Tobias / Schiller, Dominik / Eberhardt, Steffen T. / André, Elisabeth / Lutz, Wolfgang

    Frontiers in Psychiatry

    An automated tool to assess non-verbal emotional expressions in psychotherapy

    2022  

    Abstract: Background: Emotions play a key role in psychotherapy. However, a problem with examining emotional states via self-report questionnaires is that the assessment usually takes place after the actual emotion has been experienced which might lead to biases ... ...

    Title translation Validierung und Anwendung des "Nonverbal Behavior Analyzer": Ein automatisiertes Instrument zur Bewertung nonverbaler emotionaler Äußerungen in der Psychotherapie (DeepL)
    Abstract Background: Emotions play a key role in psychotherapy. However, a problem with examining emotional states via self-report questionnaires is that the assessment usually takes place after the actual emotion has been experienced which might lead to biases and continuous human ratings are time and cost intensive. Using the AI-based software package Non-Verbal Behavior Analyzer (NOVA), video-based emotion recognition of arousal and valence can be applied in naturalistic psychotherapeutic settings. In this study, four emotion recognition models (ERM) each based on specific feature sets (facial: OpenFace, OpenFace-Aureg; body: OpenPose-Activation, OpenPose-Energy) were developed and compared in their ability to predict arousal and valence scores correlated to PANAS emotion scores and processes of change (interpersonal experience, coping experience, affective experience) as well as symptoms (depression and anxiety in HSCL-11). Materials and methods: A total of 183 patient therapy videos were divided into a training sample (55 patients), a test sample (50 patients), and a holdout sample (78 patients). The best ERM was selected for further analyses. Then, ERM based arousal and valence scores were correlated with patient and therapist estimates of emotions and processes of change. Furthermore, using regression models arousal and valence were examined as predictors of symptom severity in depression and anxiety. Results: The ERM based on OpenFace produced the best agreement to the human coder rating. Arousal and valence correlated significantly with therapists' ratings of sadness, shame, anxiety, and relaxation, but not with the patient ratings of their own emotions. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation indicates that negative valence was associated with higher affective experience. Negative valence was found to significantly predict higher anxiety but not depression scores. Conclusion: This study shows that emotion recognition with NOVA can be used to generate ERMs associated with patient emotions, affective experiences and symptoms. Nevertheless, limitations were obvious. It seems necessary to improve the ERMs using larger databases of sessions and the validity of ERMs needs to be further investigated in different samples and different applications. Furthermore, future research should take ERMs to identify emotional synchrony between patient and therapists into account.
    Keywords Affective Valence ; Computer Software ; Emotion Recognition ; Emotionale Valenz ; Emotionserkennung ; Nonverbal Communication ; Nonverbale Kommunikation ; Physiological Arousal ; Physiologische Aktivierung ; Psychotherapeutic Processes ; Psychotherapeutische Prozesse ; Software
    Language English
    Document type Article
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1026015
    Database PSYNDEX

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