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Article: A case of giant prolactinoma and pituitary hemorrhage with the late recovery of pituitary function: A case report.

Menon, Lakshmi P / Edem, Dinesh

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 2050313X231190672

Abstract: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is a common finding in patients who are diagnosed with a prolactinoma. It can be accompanied by the presence of other pituitary hormone deficits, including secondary adrenal insufficiency and central hypothyroidism. While ... ...

Abstract	Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is a common finding in patients who are diagnosed with a prolactinoma. It can be accompanied by the presence of other pituitary hormone deficits, including secondary adrenal insufficiency and central hypothyroidism. While the proportion of improvement in endocrine deficits over the short term is well characterized, there is not enough literature about the recovery of pituitary function over the longer term. We present the case of a 23-year-old man with a giant prolactinoma who initially presented with pituitary hemorrhage and panhypopituitarism. He underwent decompression of the pituitary tumor followed by treatment with cabergoline. Over a 9-year follow-up period, we noted that the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism resolved after 4 years and the secondary adrenal insufficiency resolved after 8 years. This case suggests that partial or complete recovery of the pituitary function is possible over the long-term even in patients with a giant prolactinoma.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2736953-5
ISSN	2050-313X
ISSN	2050-313X
DOI	10.1177/2050313X231190672
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Recurrent Graves' Disease Following Near-Total Thyroidectomy: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Menon, Lakshmi P / Naqvi, Syeda / Maradana, Jhansi / Edem, Dinesh

Cureus

2024 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) e52260

Abstract: Recurrent Graves' disease due to regrowth of thyroid tissue is a rare complication of near-total thyroidectomy, which can be challenging to recognize and manage. Here, we present the case of a 30-year-old woman with Graves' disease and thyroid eye ... ...

Abstract	Recurrent Graves' disease due to regrowth of thyroid tissue is a rare complication of near-total thyroidectomy, which can be challenging to recognize and manage. Here, we present the case of a 30-year-old woman with Graves' disease and thyroid eye disease who underwent near-total thyroidectomy with resultant hypothyroidism. Her levothyroxine dose requirement gradually decreased and thyroglobulin level increased, which led to the diagnosis of recurrent Graves' disease. A neck ultrasound showed regrowth of thyroid tissue. The treatment options in such cases are repeat thyroid surgery and radioactive iodine ablation. The patient had moderate-severe active thyroid eye disease, so radioactive iodine ablation was contraindicated. Repeat surgery was deemed high risk due to the location of the residual thyroid tissue near the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Watchful waiting with serial thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibody monitoring was chosen, and her levothyroxine dose was adjusted based on her thyroid function tests. There was a normalization of her TSH receptor antibody level over the next two and half years and stabilization of levothyroxine dose requirement. Recurrent Graves' disease must be considered when there is an ongoing decrease in the levothyroxine dose requirement associated with a rise in the serum thyroglobulin level following near-total thyroidectomy. Conservative management with medical therapy can induce remission in the case of recurrent Graves' disease following near-total thyroidectomy, without the need for radioactive iodine ablation or repeat thyroid surgery.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.52260
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Persistent Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome in a Caucasian Male in the Absence of Triggers.

Edem, Dinesh / Maradana, Jhansi / Majety, Priyanka / Antony, Mc Anto / Menon, Lakshmi

Cureus

2024 Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) e58270

Abstract: Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) or Hirata disease is a rare condition presenting as recurrent hypoglycemia, and associated with elevated insulin levels in the presence of insulin autoantibodies (IAAs) in patients who were never exposed to exogenous ... ...

Abstract	Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) or Hirata disease is a rare condition presenting as recurrent hypoglycemia, and associated with elevated insulin levels in the presence of insulin autoantibodies (IAAs) in patients who were never exposed to exogenous insulin and with no evidence of pancreatic abnormalities. IAS is much more frequent in East Asians, especially the Japanese population, compared to the lower incidence in Caucasians. However, it can be associated with other autoimmune diseases or drug use like methimazole and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA). We report a case of a 47-year-old Caucasian male presenting with a 12-month history of worsening episodes of fasting and post-prandial hypoglycemia associated with symptoms of dizziness, tremors, palpitations, and unconsciousness associated with hypoglycemia. Symptoms resolved with the administration of carbohydrate-containing foods, establishing Whipple's triad. At an outside facility, he had initial labs that showed elevated insulin levels (141 µU/ml) with normal glucose, C-peptide, and proinsulin levels, but there was no availability of an IAA lab assay. Given his symptoms, severity, and frequency of hypoglycemia, he was admitted to the hospital for a 72-hour fast, which showed the lowest glucose level of 64 mg/dl with inappropriately high insulin of 22.2 µU/ml, low C-peptide of 0.57 ng/ml, and undetectable proinsulin of <1.6 pmol/L, but with IAA being >50 U/ml (0.0-0.4 U/ml). He was treated with intensive dietary counseling with a low-carbohydrate diet and prednisone 20 mg twice daily initially. Additionally, he could not tolerate octreotide, diazoxide, and acarbose due to side effects. He is currently on prednisone 10 mg daily and nifedipine with no further hypoglycemic episodes, but still has a high IAA of >50 U/ml and serum insulin levels of 70-112 µU/ml. Our case highlights the importance of recognizing hypoglycemia and checking for IAA levels as first-line diagnostic tests, in the absence of which there could be a delay in diagnosis and leading to unnecessary lab and imaging testing. Our case is unique since it happened in a Caucasian without any prior exposure to a triggering factor and has not undergone self-remission yet, which happens in most of IAS cases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.58270
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: New-onset primary adrenal insufficiency in pregnancy associated with a unilateral adrenal infarction: a case report.

Menon, Lakshmi / Edem, Dinesh / Maradana, Jhansi / Sharma, Pranjali / Tamhane, Shrikant

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports

2023 Volume 2023, Issue 4

Abstract: Summary: New-onset primary adrenal insufficiency is rare in pregnancy. The symptoms of adrenal insufficiency such as nausea, vomiting and dizziness may be attributed to the pregnancy itself, which can lead to a delay in the diagnosis. The presence of ... ...

Abstract	Summary: New-onset primary adrenal insufficiency is rare in pregnancy. The symptoms of adrenal insufficiency such as nausea, vomiting and dizziness may be attributed to the pregnancy itself, which can lead to a delay in the diagnosis. The presence of hypotension, hypoglycemia or hyperkalemia should raise the suspicion for adrenal insufficiency. We report the case of a 25-year-old woman who presented with tachycardia, left flank pain and vomiting at 36 weeks' gestation. She was found to have primary adrenal insufficiency and started on hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone with resolution of the vomiting and tachycardia. MRI of the abdomen revealed an acute nonhemorrhagic infarct of the left adrenal gland. The contralateral adrenal gland was normal. Autoimmune and infectious etiologies of primary adrenal insufficiency were ruled out and the adrenal insufficiency was attributed to the unilateral adrenal infarction. Adrenal insufficiency persisted after delivery and then resolved at approximately 16 months post partum. This case highlights the need to test women with unilateral adrenal infarction in pregnancy for the presence of primary adrenal insufficiency. Learning points: Adrenal insufficiency should be considered when a pregnant woman develops nausea, vomiting and dizziness in association with hypotension or hypoglycemia. Hypovolemic hyponatremia related to vomiting can occur in pregnancy, but the failure to correct hyponatremia despite adequate IV hydration should raise the suspicion for adrenal insufficiency. Adrenal infarction should be in the differential diagnosis for unilateral flank pain in pregnancy. Other common etiologies for flank pain in pregnancy include nephrolithiasis, pyelonephritis and acute cholecystitis. Unilateral adrenal infarction in pregnancy can lead to the development of primary adrenal insufficiency. Following delivery, these patients need to be monitored for the resolution of the adrenal insufficiency.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2785530-2
ISSN	2052-0573
ISSN	2052-0573
DOI	10.1530/EDM-23-0093
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Article: Pharmacological approaches to the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Majety, Priyanka / Lozada Orquera, Faustina Alejandra / Edem, Dinesh / Hamdy, Osama

Frontiers in endocrinology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1118848

Abstract: About 1 in 10 adults worldwide are estimated to have diabetes mellitus. They are at risk of developing life-threatening complications resulting in reduced quality of life, increased mortality and higher healthcare costs. The ability to prevent or delay ... ...

Abstract	About 1 in 10 adults worldwide are estimated to have diabetes mellitus. They are at risk of developing life-threatening complications resulting in reduced quality of life, increased mortality and higher healthcare costs. The ability to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by modifying some of its risk factors has been hypothesized for decades. The long and often gradual time-course of increasing dysglycemia prior to diabetes diagnosis suggests that interventions during that period could be effective in preventing T2DM. In addition to lifestyle modifications, certain drugs prevent or slow development of hyperglycemia. Recently, drugs used for obesity management were shown to prevent T2DM. In this review, we discuss various pharmacotherapeutic options for preventing T2DM.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Metformin/therapeutic use ; Quality of Life ; Risk Factors ; Hyperglycemia/complications
Chemical Substances	Metformin (9100L32L2N)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2023.1118848
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Producing Metastatic Gastrinoma: A Case Report.

Tamhane, Shrikant / Menon, Lakshmi P / Edem, Dinesh / Sharma, Pranjali / Maradana, Jhansi

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 9, Page(s) e45329

Abstract: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors secreting gastrin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) are rare. The presentation of the cases can be varied, making the diagnosis challenging and often delayed. Here, we present a patient who presented with severe ... ...

Abstract	Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors secreting gastrin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) are rare. The presentation of the cases can be varied, making the diagnosis challenging and often delayed. Here, we present a patient who presented with severe hypokalemia and was found to have ectopic Cushing's syndrome. An abdominal CT scan showed a pancreatic lesion with metastatic liver disease. A biopsy of the liver lesion confirmed a metastatic neuroendocrine tumor. The final diagnosis was ectopic ACTH-producing metastatic gastrinoma. Twenty-four-hour urinary cortisol was significantly elevated at 9,790 mcg/24 hours. The excess hormonal secretion was successfully treated with ketoconazole and somatostatin analogs. She was further started on chemotherapy with capecitabine plus temozolomide, which has become the preferred chemotherapy treatment after the results of the recently completed trial. She also received Y90 therapy for metastatic liver disease. The prognosis of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is poor. Multidisciplinary combined therapies can help control disease and improve prognosis. We present an 18-month-long patient follow-up and a literature review of ectopic ACTH-producing metastatic gastrinomas.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.45329
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Mixed Corticomedullary Tumor of the Adrenal Gland: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Maradana, Jhansi / Edem, Dinesh / Menon, Lakshmi / Abraham, Sonu / Velamala, Pruthvi / Trivedi, Nitin

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

2023 Volume 59, Issue 9

Abstract: Adrenal mixed corticomedullary tumors (MCMTs) are composed of an admixture of cortical and medullary cells. Owing to the presence of two distinct components of different embryonic lineage, these tumors are extremely rare. Less than 30 tumors of this type ...

Abstract	Adrenal mixed corticomedullary tumors (MCMTs) are composed of an admixture of cortical and medullary cells. Owing to the presence of two distinct components of different embryonic lineage, these tumors are extremely rare. Less than 30 tumors of this type have been reported to date. MCMTs have varied presentation including hypertension, Cushing syndrome or even as adrenal incidentalomas. Also noted is a slightly higher female preponderance. We report a case of a 26-year-old female who was evaluated for uncontrolled hypertension. A renal ultrasound followed by MRI abdomen revealed a 9.3 × 8.1 × 7.0 cm partially cystic, partially solid enhancing mass in the region of/replacing the left adrenal gland. Hormonal work-up was significant for elevated catecholamines concerning pheochromocytoma. She underwent laparoscopic left adrenalectomy, with adequate pre-operative adrenergic blockade. Histology and immunochemical testing were consistent with a mixed corticomedullary tumor. She was monitored annually for recurrence of the tumor. We also performed a comprehensive review of literature of the cases published so far to the best of our knowledge.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2188113-3
ISSN	1648-9144 ; 1010-660X
ISSN (online)	1648-9144
ISSN	1010-660X
DOI	10.3390/medicina59091539
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Adverse Events Related to Tirzepatide.

Mishra, Rahul / Raj, Rishi / Elshimy, Ghada / Zapata, Isain / Kannan, Lakshmi / Majety, Priyanka / Edem, Dinesh / Correa, Ricardo

Journal of the Endocrine Society

2023 Volume 7, Issue 4, Page(s) bvad016

Abstract: Context: Tirzepatide is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in May 2022 for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).: ... ...

Abstract	Context: Tirzepatide is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in May 2022 for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: We aimed to determine the rates of individual adverse events (AEs) related to 3 studied doses of tirzepatide. Methods: We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis including 5 databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science) for all clinical trials reporting AEs related to tirzepatide. The safety data from individual studies were extracted and analyzed through meta-regression to assess rates of individual AEs. Study quality assessment was performed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: Ten trials (6836 participants) were included. Gastrointestinal (GI) AEs were the most commonly reported AEs and were dose dependent 39% (95% CI, 35%-43%), 46% (95% CI, 42%-49%), and 49% (95% CI, 38%-60%) for the 5, 10, and 15 mg dose, respectively. Among all GI AEs, nausea and diarrhea were most frequent at any dose of tirzepatide. Drug discontinuation due to AEs was highest with the 15 mg dose of tirzepatide (10%). Incidence of mild hypoglycemia (blood glucose < 70 mg/dL) was highest with tirzepatide 10 mg dose 22.6% (9.2%-39.8%). Rates of fatal AEs, severe hypoglycemia, acute pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, and cholecystitis were extremely low (≤ 1%) across all doses of tirzepatide. Conclusion: Tirzepatide is associated with a dose-dependent increase in incidence of GI AEs and AEs leading to drug discontinuation. Severe hypoglycemia, fatal AEs, acute pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, and cholecystitis are rare with this medication.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2472-1972
ISSN (online)	2472-1972
DOI	10.1210/jendso/bvad016
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Gut microbiome supplementation as therapy for metabolic syndrome.

Antony, Mc Anto / Chowdhury, Aniqa / Edem, Dinesh / Raj, Rishi / Nain, Priyanshu / Joglekar, Mansi / Verma, Vipin / Kant, Ravi

World journal of diabetes

2023 Volume 14, Issue 10, Page(s) 1502–1513

Abstract: The gut microbiome is defined as an ecological community of commensal symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms that exist in our body. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is a condition of dysregulated and disrupted intestinal bacterial homeostasis, and recent ... ...

Abstract	The gut microbiome is defined as an ecological community of commensal symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms that exist in our body. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is a condition of dysregulated and disrupted intestinal bacterial homeostasis, and recent evidence has shown that dysbiosis is related to chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity. It is well known that obesity, T2DM and CVD are caused or worsened by multiple factors like genetic predisposition, environmental factors, unhealthy high calorie diets, and sedentary lifestyle. However, recent evidence from human and mouse models suggest that the gut microbiome is also an active player in the modulation of metabolic syndrome, a set of risk factors including obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia that increase the risk for CVD, T2DM, and other diseases. Current research aims to identify treatments to increase the number of beneficial microbiota in the gut microbiome in order to modulate metabolic syndrome by reducing chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. There is increasing interest in supplements, classified as prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, or postbiotics, and their effect on the gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome. In this review article, we have summarized current research on these supplements that are available to improve the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota and to reduce the harmful ones in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2583471-X
ISSN	1948-9358
ISSN	1948-9358
DOI	10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1502
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Article ; Online: Factors Associated with Online Patient Portal Utilization Experience in an Arkansas Phone Survey.

Bogulski, Cari A / Andersen, Jennifer A / Eswaran, Surabhee / Willis, Don E / Edem, Dinesh / McElfish, Pearl A

Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association

2023 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) e1148–e1156

Abstract: Introduction: ...

Abstract	Introduction:
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Arkansas ; Ethnicity ; Pandemics ; Patient Portals ; Racial Groups ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2035659-6
ISSN	1556-3669 ; 1530-5627
ISSN (online)	1556-3669
ISSN	1530-5627
DOI	10.1089/tmj.2023.0490
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