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  1. Article ; Online: Human proteins curing yeast prions.

    Wu, Songsong / Edskes, Herman K / Wickner, Reed B

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2023  Volume 120, Issue 45, Page(s) e2314781120

    Abstract: Recognition that common human amyloidoses are prion diseases makes the use of ... ...

    Abstract Recognition that common human amyloidoses are prion diseases makes the use of the
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Prions/genetics ; Prions/metabolism ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Mutation ; Amyloid/genetics ; Amyloid/metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics ; Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; Mammals/metabolism ; RNA Splicing Factors/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics
    Chemical Substances Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Prions ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Amyloid ; Glutathione Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) ; Fungal Proteins ; PRPF19 protein, human (EC 6.5.1.-) ; RNA Splicing Factors ; Nuclear Proteins ; DNA Repair Enzymes (EC 6.5.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2314781120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Prions are the greatest protein misfolding problem, and yeast has several solutions.

    Wickner, Reed B / Edskes, Herman K / Wu, Songsong / Gregg, Kristen

    PLoS pathogens

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 5, Page(s) e1011333

    MeSH term(s) Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Prions/metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Prions ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 2205412-1
    ISSN 1553-7374 ; 1553-7374
    ISSN (online) 1553-7374
    ISSN 1553-7374
    DOI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011333
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Anti-Prion Systems Block Prion Transmission, Attenuate Prion Generation, Cure Most Prions as They Arise and Limit Prion-Induced Pathology in

    Wickner, Reed B / Edskes, Herman K / Son, Moonil / Wu, Songsong

    Biology

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 9

    Abstract: All variants of the yeast prions [PSI+] and [URE3] are detrimental to their hosts, as shown by the dramatic slowing of growth (or even lethality) of a majority, by the rare occurrence in wild isolates of even the mildest variants and by the absence of ... ...

    Abstract All variants of the yeast prions [PSI+] and [URE3] are detrimental to their hosts, as shown by the dramatic slowing of growth (or even lethality) of a majority, by the rare occurrence in wild isolates of even the mildest variants and by the absence of reproducible benefits of these prions. To deal with the prion problem, the host has evolved an array of anti-prion systems, acting in normal cells (without overproduction or deficiency of any component) to block prion transmission from other cells, to lower the rates of spontaneous prion generation, to cure most prions as they arise and to limit the damage caused by those variants that manage to elude these (necessarily) imperfect defenses. Here we review the properties of prion protein sequence polymorphisms Btn2, Cur1, Hsp104, Upf1,2,3, ribosome-associated chaperones, inositol polyphosphates, Sis1 and Lug1, which are responsible for these anti-prion effects. We recently showed that the combined action of ribosome-associated chaperones, nonsense-mediated decay factors and the Hsp104 disaggregase lower the frequency of [PSI+] appearance as much as 5000-fold. Moreover, while Btn2 and Cur1 are anti-prion factors against [URE3] and an unrelated artificial prion, they promote [PSI+] prion generation and propagation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2661517-4
    ISSN 2079-7737
    ISSN 2079-7737
    DOI 10.3390/biology11091266
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Innate immunity to yeast prions: Btn2p and Cur1p curing of the [URE3] prion is prevented by 60S ribosomal protein deficiency or ubiquitin/proteasome system overactivity.

    Bezsonov, Evgeny E / Edskes, Herman K / Wickner, Reed B

    Genetics

    2021  Volume 217, Issue 4

    Abstract: URE3] is an amyloid-based prion of Ure2p, a negative regulator of poor nitrogen source catabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overproduced Btn2p or its paralog Cur1p, in processes requiring Hsp42, cure the [URE3] prion. Btn2p cures by collecting Ure2p ... ...

    Abstract [URE3] is an amyloid-based prion of Ure2p, a negative regulator of poor nitrogen source catabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overproduced Btn2p or its paralog Cur1p, in processes requiring Hsp42, cure the [URE3] prion. Btn2p cures by collecting Ure2p amyloid filaments at one place in the cell. We find that rpl4aΔ, rpl21aΔ, rpl21bΔ, rpl11bΔ, and rpl16bΔ (large ribosomal subunit proteins) or ubr2Δ (ubiquitin ligase targeting Rpn4p, an activator of proteasome genes) reduce curing by overproduced Btn2p or Cur1p. Impaired curing in ubr2Δ or rpl21bΔ is restored by an rpn4Δ mutation. No effect of rps14aΔ or rps30bΔ on curing was observed, indicating that 60S subunit deficiency specifically impairs curing. Levels of Hsp42p, Sis1p, or Btn3p are unchanged in rpl4aΔ, rpl21bΔ, or ubr2Δ mutants. Overproduction of Cur1p or Btn2p was enhanced in rpn4Δ and hsp42Δ mutants, lower in ubr2Δ strains, and restored to above wild-type levels in rpn4Δ ubr2Δ strains. As in the wild-type, Ure2N-GFP colocalizes with Btn2-RFP in rpl4aΔ, rpl21bΔ, or ubr2Δ strains, but not in hsp42Δ. Btn2p/Cur1p overproduction cures [URE3] variants with low seed number, but seed number is not increased in rpl4aΔ, rpl21bΔ or ubr2Δ mutants. Knockouts of genes required for the protein sorting function of Btn2p did not affect curing of [URE3], nor did inactivation of the Hsp104 prion-curing activity. Overactivity of the ubiquitin/proteasome system, resulting from 60S subunit deficiency or ubr2Δ, may impair Cur1p and Btn2p curing of [URE3] by degrading Cur1p, Btn2p or another component of these curing systems.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Transport Systems/genetics ; Amino Acid Transport Systems/metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics ; Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism ; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate ; Molecular Chaperones/genetics ; Molecular Chaperones/metabolism ; Prions/genetics ; Prions/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/deficiency ; Ribosomal Proteins/genetics ; Ribosomal Proteins/metabolism ; Ribosome Subunits, Large, Eukaryotic/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Ubiquitination
    Chemical Substances Amino Acid Transport Systems ; BTN2 protein, S cerevisiae ; CUR1 protein, S cerevisiae ; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins ; HSP42 protein, S cerevisiae ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Molecular Chaperones ; Prions ; Ribosomal Proteins ; SIS1 protein, S cerevisiae ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Glutathione Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) ; URE2 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 1.11.1.9) ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27) ; Ubr2 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 2.3.2.27) ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex (EC 3.4.25.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 2167-2
    ISSN 1943-2631 ; 0016-6731
    ISSN (online) 1943-2631
    ISSN 0016-6731
    DOI 10.1093/genetics/iyab013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Anti-Prion Systems Block Prion Transmission, Attenuate Prion Generation, Cure Most Prions as They Arise and Limit Prion-Induced Pathology in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    Wickner, Reed B. / Edskes, Herman K. / Son, Moonil / Wu, Songsong

    Biology. 2022 Aug. 26, v. 11, no. 9

    2022  

    Abstract: All variants of the yeast prions [PSI+] and [URE3] are detrimental to their hosts, as shown by the dramatic slowing of growth (or even lethality) of a majority, by the rare occurrence in wild isolates of even the mildest variants and by the absence of ... ...

    Abstract All variants of the yeast prions [PSI+] and [URE3] are detrimental to their hosts, as shown by the dramatic slowing of growth (or even lethality) of a majority, by the rare occurrence in wild isolates of even the mildest variants and by the absence of reproducible benefits of these prions. To deal with the prion problem, the host has evolved an array of anti-prion systems, acting in normal cells (without overproduction or deficiency of any component) to block prion transmission from other cells, to lower the rates of spontaneous prion generation, to cure most prions as they arise and to limit the damage caused by those variants that manage to elude these (necessarily) imperfect defenses. Here we review the properties of prion protein sequence polymorphisms Btn2, Cur1, Hsp104, Upf1,2,3, ribosome-associated chaperones, inositol polyphosphates, Sis1 and Lug1, which are responsible for these anti-prion effects. We recently showed that the combined action of ribosome-associated chaperones, nonsense-mediated decay factors and the Hsp104 disaggregase lower the frequency of [PSI+] appearance as much as 5000-fold. Moreover, while Btn2 and Cur1 are anti-prion factors against [URE3] and an unrelated artificial prion, they promote [PSI+] prion generation and propagation.
    Keywords Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; amino acid sequences ; death ; inositols ; polyphosphates ; prions ; yeasts
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0826
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2661517-4
    ISSN 2079-7737
    ISSN 2079-7737
    DOI 10.3390/biology11091266
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Innate immunity to prions: anti-prion systems turn a tsunami of prions into a slow drip

    Wickner, Reed B. / Edskes, Herman K. / Son, Moonil / Wu, Songsong / Niznikiewicz, Madaleine

    Current genetics. 2021 Dec., v. 67, no. 6

    2021  

    Abstract: The yeast prions (infectious proteins) [URE3] and [PSI+] are essentially non-functional (or even toxic) amyloid forms of Ure2p and Sup35p, whose normal function is in nitrogen catabolite repression and translation termination, respectively. Yeast has an ... ...

    Abstract The yeast prions (infectious proteins) [URE3] and [PSI+] are essentially non-functional (or even toxic) amyloid forms of Ure2p and Sup35p, whose normal function is in nitrogen catabolite repression and translation termination, respectively. Yeast has an array of systems working in normal cells that largely block infection with prions, block most prion formation, cure most nascent prions and mitigate the toxic effects of those prions that escape the first three types of systems. Here we review recent progress in defining these anti-prion systems, how they work and how they are regulated. Polymorphisms of the prion domains partially block infection with prions. Ribosome-associated chaperones ensure proper folding of nascent proteins, thus reducing [PSI+] prion formation and curing many [PSI+] variants that do form. Btn2p is a sequestering protein which gathers [URE3] amyloid filaments to one place in the cells so that the prion is often lost by progeny cells. Proteasome impairment produces massive overexpression of Btn2p and paralog Cur1p, resulting in [URE3] curing. Inversely, increased proteasome activity, by derepression of proteasome component gene transcription or by 60S ribosomal subunit gene mutation, prevents prion curing by Btn2p or Cur1p. The nonsense-mediated decay proteins (Upf1,2,3) cure many nascent [PSI+] variants by associating with Sup35p directly. Normal levels of the disaggregating chaperone Hsp104 can also cure many [PSI+] prion variants. By keeping the cellular levels of certain inositol polyphosphates / pyrophosphates low, Siw14p cures certain [PSI+] variants. It is hoped that exploration of the yeast innate immunity to prions will lead to discovery of similar systems in humans.
    Keywords amyloid ; catabolite repression ; genes ; innate immunity ; inositols ; mutation ; nitrogen ; prions ; progeny ; proteasome endopeptidase complex ; pyrophosphates ; toxicity ; transcription (genetics) ; tsunamis ; yeasts
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-12
    Size p. 833-847.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    Note Review
    ZDB-ID 282876-5
    ISSN 1432-0983 ; 0172-8083
    ISSN (online) 1432-0983
    ISSN 0172-8083
    DOI 10.1007/s00294-021-01203-1
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  7. Article ; Online: Prion Variants of Yeast are Numerous, Mutable, and Segregate on Growth, Affecting Prion Pathogenesis, Transmission Barriers, and Sensitivity to Anti-Prion Systems.

    Wickner, Reed B / Son, Moonil / Edskes, Herman K

    Viruses

    2019  Volume 11, Issue 3

    Abstract: The known amyloid-based prions ... ...

    Abstract The known amyloid-based prions of
    MeSH term(s) Amyloid/chemistry ; Amyloid/genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Molecular Chaperones ; Mutation ; Prions/genetics ; Prions/pathogenicity ; Protein Conformation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics
    Chemical Substances Amyloid ; Molecular Chaperones ; Prions ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v11030238
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Proteasome Control of [URE3] Prion Propagation by Degradation of Anti-Prion Proteins Cur1 and Btn2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

    Edskes, Herman K / Stroobant, Emily E / DeWilde, Morgan P / Bezsonov, Evgeny E / Wickner, Reed B

    Genetics

    2021  Volume 218, Issue 1

    Abstract: URE3] is a prion of the nitrogen catabolism controller, Ure2p, and [PSI+] is a prion of the translation termination factor Sup35p in S. cerevisiae. Btn2p cures [URE3] by sequestration of Ure2p amyloid filaments. Cur1p, paralogous to Btn2p, also cures [ ... ...

    Abstract [URE3] is a prion of the nitrogen catabolism controller, Ure2p, and [PSI+] is a prion of the translation termination factor Sup35p in S. cerevisiae. Btn2p cures [URE3] by sequestration of Ure2p amyloid filaments. Cur1p, paralogous to Btn2p, also cures [URE3], but by a different (unknown) mechanism. We find that an array of mutations impairing proteasome assembly or MG132 inhibition of proteasome activity result in loss of [URE3]. In proportion to their prion-curing effects, each mutation affecting proteasomes elevates the cellular concentration of the anti-prion proteins Btn2 and Cur1. Of >4,600 proteins detected by SILAC, Btn2p was easily the most overexpressed in a pre9Δ (α3 core subunit) strain. Indeed, deletion of BTN2 and CUR1 prevents the prion-curing effects of proteasome impairment. Surprisingly, the 15 most unstable yeast proteins are not increased in pre9Δ cells suggesting altered proteasome specificity rather than simple inactivation. Hsp42, a chaperone that cooperates with Btn2 and Cur1 in curing [URE3], is also necessary for the curing produced by proteasome defects, although Hsp42p levels are not substantially altered by a proteasome defect. We find that pre9Δ and proteasome chaperone mutants that most efficiently lose [URE3], do not destabilize [PSI+] or alter cellular levels of Sup35p. A tof2 mutation or deletion likewise destabilizes [URE3], and elevates Btn2p, suggesting that Tof2p deficiency inactivates proteasomes. We suggest that when proteasomes are saturated with denatured/misfolded proteins, their reduced degradation of Btn2p and Cur1p automatically upregulates these aggregate-handling systems to assist in the clean-up.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Transport Systems/genetics ; Amino Acid Transport Systems/metabolism ; Amyloid/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics ; Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; Molecular Chaperones/genetics ; Molecular Chaperones/metabolism ; Peptide Termination Factors/genetics ; Peptide Termination Factors/metabolism ; Prion Proteins/metabolism ; Prions/genetics ; Prions/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Amino Acid Transport Systems ; Amyloid ; BTN2 protein, S cerevisiae ; CUR1 protein, S cerevisiae ; Fungal Proteins ; HSP42 protein, S cerevisiae ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Molecular Chaperones ; Peptide Termination Factors ; Prion Proteins ; Prions ; SUP35 protein, S cerevisiae ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Glutathione Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) ; URE2 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 1.11.1.9) ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex (EC 3.4.25.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 2167-2
    ISSN 1943-2631 ; 0016-6731
    ISSN (online) 1943-2631
    ISSN 0016-6731
    DOI 10.1093/genetics/iyab037
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Innate immunity to prions: anti-prion systems turn a tsunami of prions into a slow drip.

    Wickner, Reed B / Edskes, Herman K / Son, Moonil / Wu, Songsong / Niznikiewicz, Madaleine

    Current genetics

    2021  Volume 67, Issue 6, Page(s) 833–847

    Abstract: The yeast prions (infectious proteins) [URE3] and [PSI+] are essentially non-functional (or even toxic) amyloid forms of Ure2p and Sup35p, whose normal function is in nitrogen catabolite repression and translation termination, respectively. Yeast has an ... ...

    Abstract The yeast prions (infectious proteins) [URE3] and [PSI+] are essentially non-functional (or even toxic) amyloid forms of Ure2p and Sup35p, whose normal function is in nitrogen catabolite repression and translation termination, respectively. Yeast has an array of systems working in normal cells that largely block infection with prions, block most prion formation, cure most nascent prions and mitigate the toxic effects of those prions that escape the first three types of systems. Here we review recent progress in defining these anti-prion systems, how they work and how they are regulated. Polymorphisms of the prion domains partially block infection with prions. Ribosome-associated chaperones ensure proper folding of nascent proteins, thus reducing [PSI+] prion formation and curing many [PSI+] variants that do form. Btn2p is a sequestering protein which gathers [URE3] amyloid filaments to one place in the cells so that the prion is often lost by progeny cells. Proteasome impairment produces massive overexpression of Btn2p and paralog Cur1p, resulting in [URE3] curing. Inversely, increased proteasome activity, by derepression of proteasome component gene transcription or by 60S ribosomal subunit gene mutation, prevents prion curing by Btn2p or Cur1p. The nonsense-mediated decay proteins (Upf1,2,3) cure many nascent [PSI+] variants by associating with Sup35p directly. Normal levels of the disaggregating chaperone Hsp104 can also cure many [PSI+] prion variants. By keeping the cellular levels of certain inositol polyphosphates / pyrophosphates low, Siw14p cures certain [PSI+] variants. It is hoped that exploration of the yeast innate immunity to prions will lead to discovery of similar systems in humans.
    MeSH term(s) Amyloid/chemistry ; Amyloid/immunology ; Amyloid/metabolism ; Amyloidogenic Proteins/chemistry ; Amyloidogenic Proteins/immunology ; Amyloidogenic Proteins/metabolism ; Animals ; Autophagy ; Disease Resistance/immunology ; Disease Susceptibility/immunology ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; Fungal Proteins/immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Molecular Chaperones/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nonsense Mediated mRNA Decay ; Prion Diseases/etiology ; Prion Diseases/metabolism ; Prions/chemistry ; Prions/genetics ; Prions/immunology ; Prions/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Ribosomes/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Amyloid ; Amyloidogenic Proteins ; Fungal Proteins ; Molecular Chaperones ; Prions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 282876-5
    ISSN 1432-0983 ; 0172-8083
    ISSN (online) 1432-0983
    ISSN 0172-8083
    DOI 10.1007/s00294-021-01203-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Yeast killer elements hold their hosts hostage.

    Wickner, Reed B / Edskes, Herman K

    PLoS genetics

    2015  Volume 11, Issue 5, Page(s) e1005139

    MeSH term(s) Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Killer Factors, Yeast/metabolism ; Kluyveromyces/metabolism ; Pichia/metabolism ; Ribonucleases/genetics ; Saccharomycetales/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Killer Factors, Yeast ; Ribonucleases (EC 3.1.-) ; anticodon nuclease (EC 3.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 2186725-2
    ISSN 1553-7404 ; 1553-7390
    ISSN (online) 1553-7404
    ISSN 1553-7390
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005139
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