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  1. Article ; Online: Coronavirus; A New Variable in Macro-Analysis of Political and International Developments; Political Consequences

    Farshad Roomi / Ehsan Kazemi

    Faṣlnāmah-i Pizhūhish/hā-yi Rāhburdī-i Siyāsat, Vol 9, Iss 33, Pp 63-

    2020  Volume 89

    Abstract: Mankind is facing one of the greatest events in contemporary history. The prevalence of corona disease has dramatic economic, political and social consequences and is changing the individual and collective culture and behavior of human beings. The ... ...

    Abstract Mankind is facing one of the greatest events in contemporary history. The prevalence of corona disease has dramatic economic, political and social consequences and is changing the individual and collective culture and behavior of human beings. The research question is that “How the coronavirus pandemic will impact on the domestic politics and international relations?” The authors believe that in the post-Corona period, we will see the rise of nationalism and the Strengthening the state role in governing the community and the transformation of public health into a matter of national security. In the foreign field, Governments will withdraw from the globalization process to save the lives of their citizens by restricting the free movement of people and goods and by tightening immigration policies and protecting borders. The research findings indicate that has changed the nature of threats in the 21st century and inequality in economic and social structures and a lack of health care can challenge the internal security of governments. Also, corona reminds us that global politics must be reformed, contrary to the principles of neoliberalism and minimal government.
    Keywords corona virus ; domestic policy ; nationalism ; globalization ; neoliberalism ; Political science ; J ; Political science (General) ; JA1-92
    Subject code 320
    Language Persian
    Publishing date 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Allameh Tabataba'i University Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Phenomenological Theoretical Facilities in Understanding Foreign Policy; Looking at IR. of Iran's Foreign Policy

    لابال البب / ehsan kazemi

    Faṣlnāmah-i Pizhūhish/hā-yi Rāhburdī-i Siyāsat, Vol 7, Iss 26, Pp 71-

    2018  Volume 96

    Abstract: Purpose of the present study is to provide a theoretical framework for understanding foreign policy of countries (the case of Iran). The method by which the authors seek to understand and shape the foreign policy of countries is a "phenomenological ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of the present study is to provide a theoretical framework for understanding foreign policy of countries (the case of Iran). The method by which the authors seek to understand and shape the foreign policy of countries is a "phenomenological method". Question of this Research is that based on the phenomenological approach how can the logic of foreign policy of governments be understood and how is it formed? Hypothesis of the research is that based on the idea that "phenomenology with the suspension and epoche of dominant narratives and Imbued with the "intentionality" of foreign policy, it can help us understand our foreign policy, in other words, the phenomenology passes through scientific concepts developed to understand political phenomena and faces with "reality" and " Being " itself. The result is that the phenomenological method, in addition to the benefits of other common approaches and methodologies, to the understanding of foreign policy can offer different analytical concepts such as "transcendental ego", "Green World" and "Intersubjectivity". Along with these concepts, phenomenology is not unaware of the important element of "power" and its role in determining how foreign policy is shaped by the government.
    Keywords phenomenology ; consciousness ; intersubjectivity ; foreign policy ; iran ; Political science ; J ; Political science (General) ; JA1-92
    Subject code 320
    Language Persian
    Publishing date 2018-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Allameh Tabataba'i University Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Sustainability of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System for over 2000 Years–A Numerical Investigation of the Water and Sediment Dynamic Diversions

    Xiaogang Zheng / Ehsan Kazemi / Eslam Gabreil / Xingnian Liu / Ridong Chen

    Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 6, p

    2020  Volume 2431

    Abstract: The Dujiangyan Irrigation System (DIS), located in the western portion of the Chengdu Plain at the transitional junction between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Sichuan Basin, has been in operation for about 2300 years. The system automatically uses ... ...

    Abstract The Dujiangyan Irrigation System (DIS), located in the western portion of the Chengdu Plain at the transitional junction between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Sichuan Basin, has been in operation for about 2300 years. The system automatically uses natural topographical and hydrological features and provides automatic water diversion, sediment drainage and intake flow discharge control, thus preventing disastrous events in the region in a ‘natural’ way. Using a numerical modeling approach, this study aims to investigate the reasons behind this natural behavior of the system and provide a better understanding of the complex mechanisms which have caused the sustainability of the DIS for over two millennia. For this purpose, a two-phase flow model based on the Shallow Water Equations (SWEs) is developed to simulate the fluid and sediment motions in the DIS. A coupled explicit-implicit technique based on the Finite Element Method is applied for the fluid flow and a Sediment Mass (SM) model in the framework of the Lagrangian particle method is proposed to simulate the sediment motion under different flow discharge conditions. The results show how different components of the DIS make full use of the hydrodynamic and topographical characteristics of the river to effectively discharge sediment and excess flood to the downstream and create an environmentally sustainable irrigation system.
    Keywords dujiangyan ; sediment mass model ; hydraulic properties ; sediment diversion ; sustainable development ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 550
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Development of the “safe sex knowledge and behavior questionnaire”, a tool for use in patients with severe mental illnesses

    Firoozeh Raisi / Seyyed Taha Yahyavi / Zahra Shahvari / Ehsan Kazemi Khaledi / Mehdi Soleimani / Agaah Ashrafi

    Tehran University Medical Journal, Vol 79, Iss 10, Pp 810-

    2021  Volume 821

    Abstract: Background: Patients with severe mental illnesses are more prone to experience sexual health problems. Herein, we developed a "Safe Sex Knowledge and Behavior Questionnaire for Patients with Severe Mental Illnesses"(SSKBQ-SMI). Methods: The present study ...

    Abstract Background: Patients with severe mental illnesses are more prone to experience sexual health problems. Herein, we developed a "Safe Sex Knowledge and Behavior Questionnaire for Patients with Severe Mental Illnesses"(SSKBQ-SMI). Methods: The present study was conducted in the form of methodological research in 4 stages. In the first stage, items of the questionnaire were selected and the item pool was formed by using similar studies and experts' opinions. During the next steps, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were assessed using content validity, face validity, reliability and construct validity. The content validity was tested using the Content Validity Index and Content Validity Ratio. The charts of content validity were given to 13 specialists expert in sexual health including psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, gynecologists, urologists, and infectious disease specialists. The reliability was tested by using the test-retest method in 70 patients with two-week intervals. The construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis in 265 patients. The internal consistency was calculated by using Cronbach's alpha index. Results: After determining the content and face validity, a tool was obtained with 16 True/False items in the knowledge section (with one score for each correct answer and the total score range from 0 to 16) and 16 five-point Likert scale items in the behavior section (with each question score range from 0 to 3 and the total behavior score range from 0 to 48, the lower score defined safer behavior). The correlation coefficient of the scale scores in the test-retest method was calculated to be 0.880 (P<0.001) and 0.951 (P<0.001) in the sections of knowledge and behavior, respectively. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.809 for the section of knowledge, 0.756 for the section of behavior, and 0.782 for the whole questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the existence of 4 factors in the knowledge section and 3 factors in the behavior section. Conclusion: The present 32-item questionnaire was designed based on experts' opinions and important statements of patients about sexual health, simple scoring, good reliability and validity, is a suitable tool for assessing the safe sex knowledge and behavior in patients with severe mental illnesses.
    Keywords behavior ; knowledge ; safe sex ; severe mental illness ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 150
    Language Persian
    Publishing date 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: ISPH Simulation of Solitary Waves Propagating Over a Bottom-Mounted Barrier With k–ε Turbulence Model

    Dong Wang / Sheng Yan / Chen Chen / JianGuo Lin / Xupeng Wang / Ehsan Kazemi

    Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol

    2021  Volume 9

    Abstract: Solitary wave propagating over a bottom-mounted barrier is simulated using the Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ISPH) method in order to study the generation and transport of turbulence associated with flow separation around submerged ... ...

    Abstract Solitary wave propagating over a bottom-mounted barrier is simulated using the Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ISPH) method in order to study the generation and transport of turbulence associated with flow separation around submerged structures. For an accurate capture of turbulence characteristics during the wave propagation, rather than employing the standard sub-particle scale (SPS) model, the k-ε turbulence model is coupled with the numerical scheme. The results of the numerical model are compared with experimental data, and good agreement is observed in terms of mean velocity, free surface elevation, vorticity fields and turbulent kinetic energy. The numerical model is then employed to investigate the effects of wave non-linearity and geometrical size of the submerged barrier on the flow separation; and calculate the reflection, dissipation and transmission coefficients to evaluate the importance of energy dissipation due to the generation of vortices. The results of this study show that the developed ISPH method with the k-ε turbulence closure model is capable of reproducing the velocity fields and the turbulence characteristics accurately, and thus can be used to perform predictions of comprehensive hydrodynamics of flow-structure interactions in the urban hydro-environment systems.
    Keywords solitary wave ; barrier ; reflection ; dissipation ; transmission ; flow separation ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 532
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Enable Discrimination of Heterogeneous Digital Pathology Images

    Pegah Khosravi / Ehsan Kazemi / Marcin Imielinski / Olivier Elemento / Iman Hajirasouliha

    EBioMedicine, Vol 27, Iss C, Pp 317-

    2018  Volume 328

    Abstract: Pathological evaluation of tumor tissue is pivotal for diagnosis in cancer patients and automated image analysis approaches have great potential to increase precision of diagnosis and help reduce human error. In this study, we utilize several ... ...

    Abstract Pathological evaluation of tumor tissue is pivotal for diagnosis in cancer patients and automated image analysis approaches have great potential to increase precision of diagnosis and help reduce human error. In this study, we utilize several computational methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and build a stand-alone pipeline to effectively classify different histopathology images across different types of cancer. In particular, we demonstrate the utility of our pipeline to discriminate between two subtypes of lung cancer, four biomarkers of bladder cancer, and five biomarkers of breast cancer. In addition, we apply our pipeline to discriminate among four immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining scores of bladder and breast cancers. Our classification pipeline includes a basic CNN architecture, Google's Inceptions with three training strategies, and an ensemble of two state-of-the-art algorithms, Inception and ResNet. Training strategies include training the last layer of Google's Inceptions, training the network from scratch, and fine-tunning the parameters for our data using two pre-trained version of Google's Inception architectures, Inception-V1 and Inception-V3. We demonstrate the power of deep learning approaches for identifying cancer subtypes, and the robustness of Google's Inceptions even in presence of extensive tumor heterogeneity. On average, our pipeline achieved accuracies of 100%, 92%, 95%, and 69% for discrimination of various cancer tissues, subtypes, biomarkers, and scores, respectively. Our pipeline and related documentation is freely available at https://github.com/ih-_lab/CNN_Smoothie.
    Keywords Biomarkers ; Classification ; Convolutional Neural Network ; Deep learning ; Digital pathology imaging ; Tumor heterogeneity ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 006
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: SPH Simulation of Hydraulic Jump on Corrugated Riverbeds

    Shenglong Gu / Fuping Bo / Min Luo / Ehsan Kazemi / Yunyun Zhang / Jiahua Wei

    Applied Sciences, Vol 9, Iss 3, p

    2019  Volume 436

    Abstract: This paper presents a numerical study of the hydraulic jump on corrugated riverbed using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. By simulating an experimental benchmark example, the SPH model is demonstrated to predict the wave profile, ... ...

    Abstract This paper presents a numerical study of the hydraulic jump on corrugated riverbed using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. By simulating an experimental benchmark example, the SPH model is demonstrated to predict the wave profile, velocity field, and energy dissipation rate of hydraulic jump with good accuracy. Using the validated SPH model, the dynamic evolvement of the hydraulic jump on corrugated riverbed is studied focusing on the vortex pattern, jump length, water depth after hydraulic jump, and energy dissipation rate. In addition, the influences of corrugation height and length on the characteristics of hydraulic jump are parametrically investigated.
    Keywords SPH ; hydraulic jump ; corrugated riverbed ; energy dissipation ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Evaluation of efficacy of intra-nasal lidocaine for headache relief in patients refer to emergency department

    Naser Mohammadkarimi / Mohammadali Jafari / Ali Mellat / Ehsan Kazemi / Amir Shirali

    Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Vol 19, Iss 4, Pp 331-

    2014  Volume 335

    Abstract: Background: Headache is a common complaint for emergency visits. Common drugs used in relief of headache are opioids and their agonists and antagonists, ergot alkaloids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Lack of appropriate medications ... ...

    Abstract Background: Headache is a common complaint for emergency visits. Common drugs used in relief of headache are opioids and their agonists and antagonists, ergot alkaloids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Lack of appropriate medications or serious side effects of available drugs, motivated us to perform the study for evaluating the efficacy of intranasal lidocaine on different types of headache. Materials and Methods: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial (RCT) was performed among 90 adult patients with acute headache in Shahid Rahnemoon Emergency Center of Yazd city of Iran (45 patients in lidocaine group and 45 patients in placebo group). Patients with history of epilepsy, allergy to lidocaine, signs of skull base fracture, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) < 15, patients younger than 14 years and patients who had received any medication in previous 2 h were excluded. After checking vital signs and taking the demographic data, one puff of 10% lidocaine or normal saline (placebo) was sprayed into each nostril. Patients′ headache severity measured by visual analog scale (VAS) before drug administration and at 1, 5, 15, and 30 min after intervention. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 and statistical tests including t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), Fisher′s exact test, and Mann-Whitney test were performed. Descriptive variables were expressed by mean ± standard deviation (SD) and quantitative variables reported by frequency and percentages. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: 57.8% of patients were female. The mean age of patients was 35.32 years. According to sex and age, there was no significant difference between groups (P-values were 0.83 and 0.21; respectively). The mean base pain score was 6.97 in lidocaine group and 6.42 in placebo group which was not significantly different (P-value = 0.198). After intervention, the mean scores were significantly lower in lidocaine group than placebo group in all ...
    Keywords Headache ; intranasal ; lidocaine ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Deep learning enables robust assessment and selection of human blastocysts after in vitro fertilization

    Pegah Khosravi / Ehsan Kazemi / Qiansheng Zhan / Jonas E. Malmsten / Marco Toschi / Pantelis Zisimopoulos / Alexandros Sigaras / Stuart Lavery / Lee A. D. Cooper / Cristina Hickman / Marcos Meseguer / Zev Rosenwaks / Olivier Elemento / Nikica Zaninovic / Iman Hajirasouliha

    npj Digital Medicine, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2019  Volume 9

    Abstract: Abstract Visual morphology assessment is routinely used for evaluating of embryo quality and selecting human blastocysts for transfer after in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, the assessment produces different results between embryologists and as a ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Visual morphology assessment is routinely used for evaluating of embryo quality and selecting human blastocysts for transfer after in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, the assessment produces different results between embryologists and as a result, the success rate of IVF remains low. To overcome uncertainties in embryo quality, multiple embryos are often implanted resulting in undesired multiple pregnancies and complications. Unlike in other imaging fields, human embryology and IVF have not yet leveraged artificial intelligence (AI) for unbiased, automated embryo assessment. We postulated that an AI approach trained on thousands of embryos can reliably predict embryo quality without human intervention. We implemented an AI approach based on deep neural networks (DNNs) to select highest quality embryos using a large collection of human embryo time-lapse images (about 50,000 images) from a high-volume fertility center in the United States. We developed a framework (STORK) based on Google’s Inception model. STORK predicts blastocyst quality with an AUC of >0.98 and generalizes well to images from other clinics outside the US and outperforms individual embryologists. Using clinical data for 2182 embryos, we created a decision tree to integrate embryo quality and patient age to identify scenarios associated with pregnancy likelihood. Our analysis shows that the chance of pregnancy based on individual embryos varies from 13.8% (age ≥41 and poor-quality) to 66.3% (age <37 and good-quality) depending on automated blastocyst quality assessment and patient age. In conclusion, our AI-driven approach provides a reproducible way to assess embryo quality and uncovers new, potentially personalized strategies to select embryos.
    Keywords Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
    Subject code 006
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Depressed Immune Responses and Accelerated Splenic Apoptosis due to Experience of Food Deprivation and Inequality but not Unstable Social Status in Balb/c Mice.

    Aghajani, Marjan / Vaez Mahdavi, Mohammad Reza / Najafabadi, Mohsen Khalili / Ghazanfari, Tooba / Moradi, Fatemeh / Golchoobian, Ravieh / Askari, Hasan / Sanadgol, Nima / Moghaddam, Ehsan Kazemi

    Neuroimmunomodulation

    2017  Volume 24, Issue 4-5, Page(s) 200–210

    Abstract: Objective(s): We aimed to show that the immune system is sensitive to the detrimental effects of inequality and social injustice, and splenic vulnerability to apoptosis may also increase.: Methods: In order of better determination of immune responses ...

    Abstract Objective(s): We aimed to show that the immune system is sensitive to the detrimental effects of inequality and social injustice, and splenic vulnerability to apoptosis may also increase.
    Methods: In order of better determination of immune responses to chronic social stress, we implemented food deprivation, food intake inequality, and unstable social status (a change of cage-mate every 3 days) for a period of 14 days in 60 male Balb/c mice. At the end of this stress period, nitric oxide (NO) production by peritoneal adherent cells and the serum concentration of corticosterone were measured. Moreover, the viability of peritoneal adherent cells and spleen lymphocytes was evaluated by MTT assay. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay was done to reveal the TUNEL-reactive apoptotic bodies in the spleen.
    Results: Our results showed that food deprivation and inequality caused significant changes in the apoptosis of splenic cells in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the vital activities of lymphocytes and peritoneal adherent cells, as well as NO production by the latter, increased significantly (p < 0.05). However, the experience of unstable social status did not cause a further increase in the viability of lymphocytes and peritoneal adherent cells, or NO production in animals that were food-deprived or experienced inequality. Serum concentration of corticosterone in all experimental groups, except for animals that experienced unstable social status only, significantly decreased versus the control group (p < 0.05).
    Conclusions: The results suggest that poverty and social inequality, but not unstable social status, affect immune responses and are likely involved in the induction of splenic apoptosis in mice.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Apoptosis/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Food Deprivation/physiology ; Immunity, Cellular/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Social Behavior ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Spleen/immunology ; Spleen/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1184368-8
    ISSN 1423-0216 ; 1021-7401
    ISSN (online) 1423-0216
    ISSN 1021-7401
    DOI 10.1159/000480732
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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