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Article: Dose-dependent alteration of rat cardiac sodium current by isoproterenol: results from direct measurements on multicellular preparations.

Kirstein, M / Eickhorn, R / Kochsiek, K / Langenfeld, H

Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology

1996 Volume 431, Issue 3, Page(s) 395–401

Abstract: Conflicting results have been reported in literature about the influence of beta-adrenergic stimulation on the fast cardiac sodium current (INa+). To elucidate these mechanisms in multicellular preparations we used the loose-patch-clamp technique to ... ...

Abstract	Conflicting results have been reported in literature about the influence of beta-adrenergic stimulation on the fast cardiac sodium current (INa+). To elucidate these mechanisms in multicellular preparations we used the loose-patch-clamp technique to evaluate the effect of the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol 1-1000 nmol/l. Isoproterenol enhanced INa+ at all membrane potentials by elevation of the maximal available INa+ . Only at the high concentration of 1 micromol/l was INa+ slightly depressed after depolarizing conditioning clamps. The most marked increase of the maximal available INa+ was 30+/-9% after application of 100 nmol/l isoproterenol. To learn about the mechanisms in view of sodium channel modulation we combined isoproterenol with the sodium channel blocker lidocaine (47 micromol/l). Under these circumstances the effects of both drugs were completely independent. This investigation shows clearly that low concentrations of isoproterenol increase INa+ in multicellular preparations by a gating-independent mechanism.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology ; Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Lidocaine/pharmacology ; Papillary Muscles/chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sodium Channel Blockers ; Sodium Channels/physiology ; Time Factors
Chemical Substances	Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Cardiotonic Agents ; Sodium Channel Blockers ; Sodium Channels ; Lidocaine (98PI200987) ; Isoproterenol (L628TT009W)
Language	English
Publishing date	1996-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	6380-0
ISSN	1432-2013 ; 0031-6768
ISSN (online)	1432-2013
ISSN	0031-6768
DOI	10.1007/bf02207277
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Article: Influence of cell isolation and recording technique on the voltage dependence of the fast cardiac sodium current of the rat.

Eickhorn, R / Drägert, C / Antoni, H

Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology

1994 Volume 26, Issue 8, Page(s) 1095–1108

Abstract: We measured macroscopic sodium currents (INa) in preparations from adult rat ventricle under four different conditions (I-IV): using the cell attached configuration of the tight-seal patch clamp technique on cells isolated with either trypsin followed by ...

Abstract	We measured macroscopic sodium currents (INa) in preparations from adult rat ventricle under four different conditions (I-IV): using the cell attached configuration of the tight-seal patch clamp technique on cells isolated with either trypsin followed by collagenase (I) or with collagenase only (II), and using the loose patch technique on cells isolated with collagenase (II) as well as on multicellular preparations not subjected to enzyme treatment (IV). The voltage dependence of the steady-state activation of INa as well as of the steady-state inactivation differed significantly among condition I and II. Moreover, the recordings were voltage shifted in comparison to the recording condition III and IV. The potentials of half maximal activation and inactivation were: [sequence data: see text] The shift of inactivation was time dependent and continued after 3-5 min after the seal formation in condition I, but not in condition II. No time dependent shift was found in III and IV. We conclude, that the voltage dependence of cardiac sodium current is shifted by gigaseal patch recording. The degree of this shift depends on the type of enzymatic isolation procedure, with trypsin causing more pronounced effects than collagenase. The cell isolation itself seems not to interfere with the voltage dependence of INa, since loose patch recordings from multicellular preparations and from single cells isolated with collagenase show no obvious differences.
MeSH term(s)	Action Potentials ; Animals ; Artifacts ; Biological Transport ; Cations, Divalent/pharmacology ; Cell Separation/methods ; Collagenases ; Female ; Glass/chemistry ; Heart Ventricles ; Membrane Potentials ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium Channels/classification ; Sodium Channels/physiology ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors
Chemical Substances	Cations, Divalent ; Sodium Channels ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27) ; Collagenases (EC 3.4.24.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	1994-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	80157-4
ISSN	1095-8584 ; 0022-2828
ISSN (online)	1095-8584
ISSN	0022-2828
DOI	10.1006/jmcc.1994.1129
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Article: Use dependence of sodium current inhibition by tetrodotoxin in rat cardiac muscle: influence of channel state.

Eickhorn, R / Weirich, J / Hornung, D / Antoni, H

Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology

1990 Volume 416, Issue 4, Page(s) 398–405

Abstract: Tetrodoxin (TTX) is known to cause a voltage- and frequency-dependent inhibition of the rapid inward sodium current (INa) of cardiac muscle. This effect was studied by means of the loose-patch-clamp method on intact rat papillary muscle. The availability ...

Abstract	Tetrodoxin (TTX) is known to cause a voltage- and frequency-dependent inhibition of the rapid inward sodium current (INa) of cardiac muscle. This effect was studied by means of the loose-patch-clamp method on intact rat papillary muscle. The availability curve of the fast sodium system, determined by variation of the holding potential, is shifted in the presence of TTX (5.5 mumol x 1(-1] by 17 mV to more negative potentials. With clamp pulses of 5 ms duration to 0 mV, a frequency-dependent reduction of INa by TTX is found above 0.1 Hz that saturates at about 10 Hz. This frequency-dependent block was further analysed using trains of pulses (10 Hz) of various durations (minimum 50 microseconds), which allow TTX to equilibrate with channel states reached early during activation. The results show that more than 90% of the frequency-dependent block is attained with pulses of 1 ms duration. An analysis according to the guarded receptor hypothesis reveals that these results are well described by TTX binding to inactivated, activated and probably preactivated channel states.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects ; Cell Membrane Permeability/physiology ; Female ; Heart/drug effects ; Heart/physiology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Membrane Potentials/physiology ; Myocardium/cytology ; Myocardium/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium Channels/drug effects ; Sodium Channels/physiology ; Sodium Channels/ultrastructure ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Sodium Channels ; Tetrodotoxin (4368-28-9) ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27)
Language	English
Publishing date	1990-06
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	6380-0
ISSN	1432-2013 ; 0031-6768
ISSN (online)	1432-2013
ISSN	0031-6768
DOI	10.1007/bf00370746
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Article: Electrophysiological and ultrastructural studies on reversible neural conduction disturbance after high voltage discharge.

Eickhorn, R / Kopf, M / Stadler, R / Antoni, H

Muscle & nerve

1988 Volume 11, Issue 9, Page(s) 945–952

Abstract: High-voltage condenser discharges exerting a field strength of up to 1000 V/cm (discharge time constant 0.24-8 msec) applied to isolated sciatic frog nerve lead to disturbances of the propagation of action potentials including transient complete block of ...

Abstract	High-voltage condenser discharges exerting a field strength of up to 1000 V/cm (discharge time constant 0.24-8 msec) applied to isolated sciatic frog nerve lead to disturbances of the propagation of action potentials including transient complete block of conduction. Such conduction disturbances are normally reversible within minutes. Inhibition of the activity of the membrane-bound Na+-K+ATPase prevents the recovery from conduction block. Withdrawal of external Ca2+ also prevents recovery, whereas blockade of protein synthesis by cycloheximide has no influence. The velocity of recovery depends on the temperature, with temperature coefficients (Q10) from 1.31 to 1.84 between 2 degrees and 30 degrees C. Transmission electron microscopy of nerves subjected to strong discharges shows alterations of the myelin sheath (splitting and cleft formation) which are, however, not specific for this mechanism of injury. No alterations are seen in the region of the free axoplasmic membrane of the node of Ranvier or in organelles. The results suggest a breakdown of the transmembrane ionic gradient causing the conduction disturbance.
MeSH term(s)	Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Ion Channels/physiology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neural Conduction ; Rana esculenta ; Sciatic Nerve/physiology ; Sciatic Nerve/ultrastructure ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/physiology ; Temperature
Chemical Substances	Ion Channels ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase (EC 3.6.3.9) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	1988-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	438353-9
ISSN	1097-4598 ; 0148-639X
ISSN (online)	1097-4598
ISSN	0148-639X
DOI	10.1002/mus.880110907
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Article: Sodium current kinetics in intact rat papillary muscle: measurements with the loose-patch-clamp technique.

Antoni, H / Böcker, D / Eickhorn, R

The Journal of physiology

1988 Volume 406, Page(s) 199–213

Abstract: 1. Rapid inward sodium current (INa) was studied on intact rat papillary muscles and trabeculae excised from right or left ventricle using the loose-patch-clamp technique. All experiments were carried out at 25 degrees C. 2. Currents were recorded from ... ...

Abstract	1. Rapid inward sodium current (INa) was studied on intact rat papillary muscles and trabeculae excised from right or left ventricle using the loose-patch-clamp technique. All experiments were carried out at 25 degrees C. 2. Currents were recorded from patches with a large current density of mean 5.9 +/- 0.5 mA/cm2. 3. The current was reduced by tetrodotoxin (TTX) in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of TTX producing half-maximal blockade of INa was 6.3 +/- 0.8 mumol/l. 4. Na+ current appeared upon depolarization at a threshold potential of about -55 mV and reached its maximum at about -20 mV. 5. Kinetic data were evaluated using the Hodgkin-Huxley model. 6. Time constants of activation (tau m) were estimated using single-pulse and tail-current measurements. They had a maximum of about 0.4 ms near the threshold potential and declined at more positive and at more negative potentials to values near 0.1 ms. 7. Two time constants were necessary to describe inactivation. Both time constants had their maximal values of 135 +/- 8.1 and 29.1 +/- 5.9 ms at about -80 mV and decreased towards 4 and 0.5 ms at potentials positive to -20 mV.
MeSH term(s)	Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Depression, Chemical ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Gallopamil/pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Male ; Papillary Muscles/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sensory Thresholds/physiology ; Sodium Channels/physiology ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Sodium Channels ; Gallopamil (39WPC8JHR8) ; Tetrodotoxin (4368-28-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	1988-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3115-x
ISSN	1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
ISSN (online)	1469-7793
ISSN	0022-3751
DOI	10.1113/jphysiol.1988.sp017376
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Article: Disturbances of neural conduction in isolated frog nerves following exposure to strong electric fields.

Eickhorn, R / Haverkampf, K / Antoni, H

Muscle & nerve

1986 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 313–318

Abstract: Frog sciatic nerves were isolated and the middle portion of each exposed to condenser discharges (field strength up to 1000 V/cm; time constants 0.2-8.0 ms) through the bathing fluid. The ability of the nerve to propagate action potentials (AP) was ... ...

Abstract	Frog sciatic nerves were isolated and the middle portion of each exposed to condenser discharges (field strength up to 1000 V/cm; time constants 0.2-8.0 ms) through the bathing fluid. The ability of the nerve to propagate action potentials (AP) was examined by stimulating the proximal end and recording the AP from the distal end of the exposed section. The fraction of the nerve fibers remaining propagative was estimated from the amplitude (or the area) of the compound AP. Strong discharges brought about a total block of propagation lasting for up to 30 minutes, followed by slow, but almost complete, restitution. The restitution was exponential against time and depended on the field strength and duration of the discharge. Discharges equal in energy but different in their voltage--condenser combinations had markedly different actions, with stronger effects being found at higher voltages and vice versa. Hence, the described effects are unlikely to be caused by dissipation of thermal energy only. Other mechanisms (ionic imbalance, dielectric breakdown, punch through) are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Action Potentials ; Animals ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Electric Injuries/physiopathology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Neural Conduction ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Rana esculenta
Language	English
Publishing date	1986-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	438353-9
ISSN	1097-4598 ; 0148-639X
ISSN (online)	1097-4598
ISSN	0148-639X
DOI	10.1002/mus.880090405
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Article: Influence of beta-adrenergic stimulation on the fast sodium current in the intact rat papillary muscle.

Kirstein, M / Eickhorn, R / Langenfeld, H / Kochsiek, K / Antoni, H

Basic research in cardiology

1991 Volume 86, Issue 5, Page(s) 441–448

Abstract: The loose-patch-clamp technique was used on intact cardiac papillary muscle of the rat to examine whether the fast sodium inward current (INa+) is influenced by the beta-adrenergic stimulant isoproterenol (ISO) or by 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic adenosine ... ...

Abstract	The loose-patch-clamp technique was used on intact cardiac papillary muscle of the rat to examine whether the fast sodium inward current (INa+) is influenced by the beta-adrenergic stimulant isoproterenol (ISO) or by 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP), respectively. The amplitude of INa+ evoked by test pulses of 5 ms to a transmembrane potential of 0 mV and its time to peak were analyzed. The availability of INa+ was tested with conditioning pulses of 2.5 s to potentials between -130 mV and -50 mV. The potential of half-maximal availability was slightly shifted to more negative values by 1 microM ISO (2.0 mV, n.s.), as well as by 50 microM 8-Br-cAMP (4.0 mV; p less than 0.05). The peak amplitude of INa+ elicited from strongly negative potentials was increased by ISO (18%, n.s.), while 8-Br-cAMP exerted no directional effect. Depolarizing conditioning pulses (-60 mV) decreased INa+ to 13.3% of the maximal attainable current under control conditions, while ISO decreased INa+ to 9.1% of control (p less than 0.1). Corresponding values under the influence of 8-Br-cAMP were 11.4% and 8.3% (p less than 0.05). Moreover, in the presence of ISO there was a significant shortening of the time to peak of INa+ (0.56 ms to 0.50 ms at -80 mV conditioning potential, p less than 0.05) which could not be detected in the presence of 8-Br-cAMP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MeSH term(s)	8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Male ; Papillary Muscles/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium/physiology ; Time Factors
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Adrenergic, beta ; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (23583-48-4) ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27) ; Isoproterenol (L628TT009W)
Language	English
Publishing date	1991-09
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	189755-x
ISSN	1435-1803 ; 0300-8428 ; 0175-9418
ISSN (online)	1435-1803
ISSN	0300-8428 ; 0175-9418
DOI	10.1007/bf02190712
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Article: Die Decoderdermographie als indirektes Messinstrument für das vegetative Gleichgewicht

Eickhorn, R. / Himpel-Lorenz, B. / Krebs, J. / Lefknecht, M. / Vill, P.

Erfahrungsheilkunde

2002 Volume 51, Issue 5, Page(s) 342

Language	German
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	500791-4
Database	Current Contents Medicine

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Article: Die Decoderdermographie als indirektes Messinstrument für das vegetative Gleichgewicht

Eickhorn, Roland / Himpel-Lorenz, Beduja / Krebs, Johannes / Lefknecht, Michael / Vill, Peter

Erfahrungsheilkunde

2002 Volume 51, Issue 05, Page(s) 342–346

Abstract: Amplitude und Form der Impulspakete bei der Decoderdermographie und ähnlichen automatischen Verfahren können Rückschlusse auf die „energetische” Situation im Organismus ermöglichen. Die Elektroden werden dabei an Stirn, Hand- und Fußflächen oder ... ...

Abstract	Amplitude und Form der Impulspakete bei der Decoderdermographie und ähnlichen automatischen Verfahren können Rückschlusse auf die „energetische” Situation im Organismus ermöglichen. Die Elektroden werden dabei an Stirn, Hand- und Fußflächen oder beidseits der Wirbelsäule platziert, also an Hautflächen mit hoher Schweißdrüsendichte. Hier ist die Leitfähigkeit der Haut sehr hoch und wird im Gegensatz zu stark verhornendem Epithel durch die Leitfähigkeit des einschichtigen Epithels im Inneren der Schweißdrüsen reguliert. Verantwortlich hierfür sind insbesonders cholinerge sympathische Fasern des vegetativen Nervensystems. Die Aktivität dieser Nervenfasern ist daher verantwortlich für den wesentlichsten Teil der Hautleitfähigkeit sowie die Zusammensetzung der produzierten Flüssigkeit. Eigene Untersuchungen mit standardisierter Befeuchtung der obersten Hautschichten konnten zeigen, dass eine wesentliche Regulationen der Hautleitfähigkeit in tieferen Schichten stattfindet.
Keywords	Decoderdermographie ; Hautleitfähigkeit ; vegetatives Nervensystem ; Hautfeuchte ; Decoder dermography ; conductivity of the skin ; vegetative nervous system ; moistness of the skin
Language	German
Publishing date	2002-01-01
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2072343-X
ISSN	1439-4294 ; 0014-0082
ISSN (online)	1439-4294
ISSN	0014-0082
DOI	10.1055/s-2002-30704
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article ; Online: Abstract of the 68th Meeting (Spring Meeting) 6–9 March 1990, Heidelberg

Sakmann, B. / Schrader, J. / Brenner, B. / Murer, H. / Boeckh, J. / Handwerker, H. O. / HonerjÄger, P. / Dugas, M. / Wang, G. / DeLuca, A. / Brinkmeier, H. / Fakler, B. / Pröbstle, T. / Rüdel, R. / Pohl, J. -A. / Meves, H. / Kroll, B. / Bremer, S. / Tümmler, B. /

Frömter, E. / Schwegler, J. S. / Steigner, W. / Silbernagl, S. / Pusch, Michael / Niemann, P. / Schmidtmayer, J. / Ulbricht, W. / Hansen, G. / Lönnendonker, U. / Neumcke, B. / Eickhorn, R. / Hornung, D. / Antoni, H. / Penner, R. / Neher, E. / Takeshima, H. / Nishimura, S. / Numa, S. / Melzer, W. / Feldmeyer, D. / Pohl, B. / Zöllner, P. / Müller, T. H. / Swandulla, D. / Misgeld, U / Ganitkevich, V. Ya. / Isenberg, G. / Cavalié, A. / Allen, T. J. A. / Trautwein, W. / Pelzer, Siegried / Shuba, Yaroslav M. / Asai, Tatsuya / Trautwein, Wolfgang / Brown, Arthur M. / Birnbauner, Lutz / McDonald, Terence F. / Pelzer, Dieter / Eckert, R. / Hescheler, J. / Rosenthal, W. / Offermann, S. / Krautwurst, D. / Schultz, G. / Kettenmahn, Helmut / Trotter, J. / Verkhratsky, Alexe J N. / Savtchenko, Alexej N. / Verkhratsky, Alexej N. / Schiefer, A. / Klöckner, U. / Partridge, L. D. / SchÄfer, S. / Jonas, P. / Koh, D. S. / Kampe, K. / Hermsteiner, M. / Vogel, W. / Bauer, C. K. / Schwarz, J. R. / Fink, R. H. A. / Wettwer, E. / Weik, R. / Schlatter, E. / Bleich, M. / Granitzer, M. / Leal, T. / Nagel, W. / Crabbé, J. / Lang, F. / Kahn, E. / Friedrich, F. / Paulmichl, M. / Hammerer, M. / Maly, K. / Grunicke, H. / Böhm, T. / Nilius, B. / Gögelein, H. / Dahlem, D. / Weiss, H. / Waldegger, S. / Woell, E. / Paulmichl, R. / Ruppersberg, J. P. / Schröter, K. H. / Stocker, M. / Pongs, O. / Wittka, R. / Boheim, G. / Lichtinghagen, R / Augustine, C. K. / Stühmer, W. / Hoppe, Dorothe / Hoppe, D. / Zittlau, K. E. / Walther, C. / Hatt, H. / Franke, C. / Quasthoff, S. / Wischmeyer, E. / Jockusch, H. / Friedrich, M. / Benndorf, K. / Bollmann, G. / Hirche, Hj. / Hollunder-Reese, F. / Mohrmann, M. / Greger, R. / Weber-Schürholz, S. / Schürholz, T. / Akabas, M. / Landry, D. / Al-Awqati, Q. / Guse, A. H. / Gercken, G. / Meyerhof, W. / Westphale, H. -J. / Kerstins, U. / Oberleithner, H. / Tilmann, M. / Kunzelmann, K. / Klitsch, T. / Siemen, D. / Draguhn, A. / Verdoorn, T. A. / Pritchett, D. B. / Seeburg, P. H. / Malherbe, P. / Möhler, H. / Dudel, J. / Stern, P. / Zufall, F. / Rosenheimer, J. / Smith, D. O. / Dörner, R. / Ballanyi, K. / Schlue, W. -R. / Kalthof, B. / Pott, L. / Busch, C. / Konno, T. / Stenql, M. / Reinhardt, Ch. / Kaiser, H. / Baumann, R. / Wilimzig, M. / Eichenlaub, R. / Neumann, E. / Lessmann, V. / Gottmann, K. / Dietzel, I. D. / Keller, B. U. / Yaari, Y. / Konnerth, A. / Backus, K. H. / Giller, T. / Knoflach, F. / Pflimlin, P. / Trübe, G. / von Blankenfeld, G. / Ymer, S. / Sontheimer, H. / Ewert, M. / Kettenmann, H. / Schneggenburger, R. / Paschke, D. / Hülser, D. F. / Ubl, J. / Kolb, H. A. / Ströttchen, J. / Boheim, S. / Wehner, F. / Guth, D. / Kinne, R. K. H. / Polder, H. R. / Bödeker, D. / Hoppe, Susanne / Höller, H. / Hampe, W. / Ruf, H. / Schulz, I. / Dehlinger-Kremer, M. / Ozawa, T. / Vasilets, L. / Schmalzing, G. / MÄdefessel, K. / Biel, H. / Schwarz, W. / Burckhardt, B. C. / Stallmach, N. / MairbÄurl, H. / Hoffman, J. F. / Schömig, E. / Heuner, A. / Göbel, B. 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Pflugers Arch

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	PMC
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1007/bf02912664
Database	COVID19

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