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Article ; Online: Spillover Trends of Child Labor During the Coronavirus Crisis- an Unnoticed Wake-Up Call

Md. Abdul Ahad / Yvonne K. Parry / Eileen Willis

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

2020 Volume 8

Keywords	child labor ; Coronavirus ; unemployment ; poverty ; school ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Urban Child Labor in Bangladesh

Md Abdul Ahad / Mitu Chowdhury / Yvonne K. Parry / Eileen Willis

Social Sciences, Vol 10, Iss 107, p

Determinants and Its Possible Imacts on Health and Education

2021 Volume 107

Abstract: 1) Background: A significant proportion of child laborers are compelled to work in exploitative environments, and experience both deteriorating health and financial loss. The present study sought to determine the factors affecting child labor and the ... ...

Abstract	(1) Background: A significant proportion of child laborers are compelled to work in exploitative environments, and experience both deteriorating health and financial loss. The present study sought to determine the factors affecting child labor and the characteristics of their working environment. (2) Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted with 80 child laborers aged 5 to 17 years. Alongside descriptive statistics, a newly devised technique known as the Influencing Causes Index (ICI) was administered and tested. (3) Results: The demographic findings reveal that most child laborers are young children (12–14 years) and 32.5% of child laborers have never attended school. The thorough assessment of determinants reflects that not only poverty but schooling expenses and a lack of access to opportunities in primary schools are also the top-ranked push factors to trigger children towards labor. Around 72.5% of children work for over 8 h a day. A significant proportion of participants received no leave, training, or access to hygiene facilities. The existing pattern of employment and working conditions resulted in musculoskeletal pain and dermatological infections among child laborers ( p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: This research suggests that income measures for households and an education program for both children and parents would expedite the abolition of child labor.
Keywords	child labor ; working conditions ; poverty ; schooling ; Bangladesh ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	331
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Complexities of Prescribing Assistive Equipment at the End of Life—Patient and Caregivers’ Perspectives

Deidre D. Morgan / Eileen Willis / Kate Sweet / Pen Roe / Joana Rabaçal / David C. Currow

Healthcare, Vol 10, Iss 1005, p

2022 Volume 1005

Abstract: Ongoing participation in valued and essential everyday activities remains a priority for people with advanced disease. This study sought to understand factors influencing patients with advanced disease and caregivers’ utilisation of assistive equipment ... ...

Abstract	Ongoing participation in valued and essential everyday activities remains a priority for people with advanced disease. This study sought to understand factors influencing patients with advanced disease and caregivers’ utilisation of assistive equipment that enable this participation. Employing a pragmatic approach, purposive sampling identified participants who were interviewed in their homes. A semi-structured interview guide was employed to elicit community dwelling patients’ and caregivers’ perspectives about assistive equipment utilisation. Recorded interviews were analysed inductively and themes were constructed from the data. Fourteen interviews were conducted with patients and caregivers. Patients had a range of cancers and COPD. Three empirically developed themes demonstrate the complexities associated with the use of assistive equipment at the end of life: 1. Enabling engagement in everyday activities; 2. Dependency—a two-way street; 3. The pragmatics of choosing, using or declining assistive equipment. Participants were motivated to use assistive equipment when it optimised their function, enabled participation and supported their values, roles and interests. Conversely, use of assistive equipment could be met with ambivalence as it represented deterioration or could cause conflict within relationships. Caregivers found assistive equipment made it easier for them to provide physical care. Skilled proactive assistive equipment prescription and training by allied health professionals enhanced patient and caregiver confidence and capacity to engage in everyday activities.
Keywords	rehabilitation ; assistive equipment ; palliative care ; occupational therapy ; physiotherapy ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Migration, Stress and the Challenges of Accessing Food

Foorough Kavian / Kaye Mehta / Eileen Willis / Lillian Mwanri / Paul Ward / Sue Booth

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 4, p

An Exploratory Study of the Experience of Recent Afghan Women Refugees in Adelaide, Australia

2020 Volume 1379

Abstract: This study explored the migration and food experiences of Afghani women refugees residing in Adelaide, South Australia for 2 years or less. In-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 women between May and September 2017. The ... ...

Abstract	This study explored the migration and food experiences of Afghani women refugees residing in Adelaide, South Australia for 2 years or less. In-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 women between May and September 2017. The data were thematically analysed, and the Social Determinants of Health Framework was used to discuss the findings. Five key themes emerged from the data. In the transition country (Iran/Pakistan), respondents experienced (i) trauma, discrimination and exclusion and (ii) familiar food culture, but food stress. In the destination country (Adelaide, Australia) respondents experienced (iii) a sense of precariousness, (iv) unfamiliar food culture and (v) challenges in accessing halal food. Afghani refugees experienced considerable stressors both in the transition and the final destination country but for different reasons. In the transition country, stresses related to the lack of social services and support, discrimination, racism and poverty seemed to have affected their ability to afford food. In Australia stressors pertaining to socioeconomic, housing and employment precariousness, as well as difficulties in accessing halal foods were identified as challenges. Furthermore, food stress in Australia was associated with the cultural appropriateness of food, the complexity of the food system, and the women’s lack of skills and experiences in navigating the food system. With increasing refugee and immigration flows globally, it is necessary to acknowledge how food and social determinants intersect for refugee immigrants to ensure positive health outcomes.
Keywords	refugees ; afghani women ; migration ; food access ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Addendum

Foorough Kavian / Kaye Mehta / Eileen Willis / Lilian Mwanri / Paul Ward / Sue Booth

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 4808, p

Kavian, F.; et al. Migration, Stress and the Challenges of Accessing Food: An Exploratory Study of the Experience of Recent Afghan Women Refugees in Adelaide, Australia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17 , 1379; doi:10.3390/ijerph17041379

2020 Volume 4808

Abstract: In the original version of our article [.] ...

Abstract	In the original version of our article [.]
Keywords	n/a ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Exploring the role of nurses in after-hours telephone services in regional areas; A scoping review.

Adele Baldwin / Eileen Willis / Clare Harvey / Melanie Lang / Desley Hegney / David Heard / Brody Heritage / Jamin Claes / Denise Patterson / Venessa Curnow

PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e

2020 Volume 0237306

Abstract: Introduction The management of patients who need chronic and complex care is a focus of attention internationally, brought about by an increase in chronic conditions, requiring significantly more care over longer periods of time. The increase in chronic ... ...

Abstract	Introduction The management of patients who need chronic and complex care is a focus of attention internationally, brought about by an increase in chronic conditions, requiring significantly more care over longer periods of time. The increase in chronic conditions has placed pressure on health services, financially and physically, bringing about changes in the way care is delivered, with hospital avoidance and home-based care encouraged. In this environment, nurses play an important role in co-ordinating care across services. This review formed one part of a funded project that explored the nurse navigator role within a proposed 24-hour telephone-call service in one regional area that has a diverse population in terms of cultural identity and geographical location in relation to service access. Aim The review reports on the extant literature on the nurse's role in the provision of afterhours telephone services for patients with chronic and complex conditions. The specific aim was to explore the effectiveness of services for patients in geographically isolated locations. Methods The methodological approach to the review followed the Preferred Reporting System for Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A thematic analysis was used to identify themes with chronic care models underpinning analysis. Results Three themes were identified; nurse-led decision making; consumer profile; and program outcomes. Each theme was divided into two sub-themes. The two sub-themes for decision making were: the experience of the staff who provided the service and the tool or protocol used. The two sub-themes for consumers profile were; the geographic/demographic identity of the consumers, and consumer satisfaction. The final theme of outcomes describes how the effectiveness of the service is measured, broken into two sub-themes: the economic/workforce outcomes and the consumer outcomes. Discussion The provision of an after-hours telephone service, in whatever model used should align with a Chronic Care Model. In this way, after-hours telephone services provided by experienced nurses, supported by ongoing professional development and relevant protocols, form part of the ongoing improvement for chronic and complex care management as a health priority.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Equitable Care for Indigenous People

Judith Dwyer / Kim O'Donnell / Eileen Willis / Janet Kelly

Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management, Vol 11, Iss

every health service can do it

2016 Volume 3

Abstract: Problem and its context: Indigenous peoples in many countries suffer poorer health and poorer access to good healthcare than their non-Indigenous counterparts. In Australia, enduring barriers to good health and good healthcare remain, in spite of long- ... ...

Abstract	Problem and its context: Indigenous peoples in many countries suffer poorer health and poorer access to good healthcare than their non-Indigenous counterparts. In Australia, enduring barriers to good health and good healthcare remain, in spite of long-standing policy priorities. These barriers include the ongoing reality of colonisation, and silence about its implications. People working in and using the health system need to relate across cultures, but they approach this endeavour with a complex mixture of goodwill, defensiveness, guilt and anxiety. Methods: We analysed what is known in Australia about differentials in access to good care, and the underlying factors that entrench them, as well as strategies for developing mainstream competence in care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients and communities. Analysis and Conclusions: The available evidence of differentials in access and quality that are not explained by clinical or demographic variables is unequivocal. Official policy needs to be implemented at the system and organisation level through operational policies, programs and protocols, and through relationships with Aboriginal healthcare providers and community organisations. The concept of racism anxiety provides a way of making one important barrier visible, and moving beyond it can enable people of goodwill to ‘see’ where change is needed, and to see themselves as part of the solution. It is time to get beyond the barriers and attend to practical improvements in care, focused on the care system, not simply on the skills and knowledge of individuals within it. Abbreviations: ACCHO – Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation; CC – Cultural Competence.
Keywords	Indigenous health ; health equity ; hospitals ; cultural safety ; systemic racism ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	ACHSM
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Understanding the impact and causes of 'failure to attend' on continuity of care for patients with chronic conditions.

Amy-Louise Byrne / Adele Baldwin / Clare Harvey / Janie Brown / Eileen Willis / Desley Hegney / Bridget Ferguson / Jenni Judd / Doug Kynaston / Rachel Forrest / Brody Heritage / David Heard / Sandy Mclellan / Shona Thompson / Janine Palmer

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 3, p e

2021 Volume 0247914

Abstract: Aim To understand the impact and causes of 'Failure to Attend' (FTA) labelling, of patients with chronic conditions. Background Nurse navigators are registered nurses employed by public hospitals in Queensland, Australia, to coordinate the care of ... ...

Abstract	Aim To understand the impact and causes of 'Failure to Attend' (FTA) labelling, of patients with chronic conditions. Background Nurse navigators are registered nurses employed by public hospitals in Queensland, Australia, to coordinate the care of patients with multiple chronic conditions, who frequently miss hospital appointments. The role of the nurse navigator is to improve care management of these patients. Evidence for this is measured through improvement in patient self-management of their conditions, a reduction in preventable hospital admissions and compliance with attendance at outpatient clinics. Failure to attend (FTA) is one measure of hospital utilisation, identifying outpatient appointments that are cancelled or not attended. Method The cohort for this study was patients with multiple chronic conditions, and nurse navigators coordinating their care. Data describing the concept of FTA were thematically analysed twelve months into this three year evaluation. Results Although the patient is blamed for failing to attend appointments, the reasons appear to be a mixture of systems error/miscommunication between the patient and the health services or social reasons impacting on patient's capacity to attend. Themes emerging from the data were: access barriers; failure to recognise personal stigma of FTA; and bridging the gap. Conclusion The nurse navigators demonstrate their pivotal role in engaging with outpatient services to reduce FTAs whilst helping patients to become confident in dealing with multiple appointments. There are many reasons why a patient is unable to attend a scheduled appointment. The phrase 'Failure to Attend' has distinctly negative connotations and can lead to a sense of blame and shame for those with complex chronic needs. We propose the use of the neutral phrase "appointment did not proceed" to replace FTA. Implications for nursing management This article advocates for further consideration of collaborative models that engage the patient in their care journey and for consideration ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The use of telephone communication between nurse navigators and their patients.

Brody Heritage / Clare Harvey / Janie Brown / Desley Hegney / Eileen Willis / Adele Baldwin / David Heard / Sandy Mclellan / Virginia Clayton / Jamin Claes / Melanie Lang / Venessa Curnow

PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 1, p e

2020 Volume 0227925

Abstract: BACKGROUND:Hospitals and other health care providers frequently experience difficulties contacting patients and their carers who live remotely from the town where the health service is located. In 2016 Nurse Navigator positions were introduced into the ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND:Hospitals and other health care providers frequently experience difficulties contacting patients and their carers who live remotely from the town where the health service is located. In 2016 Nurse Navigator positions were introduced into the health services by Queensland Health, to support and navigate the care of people with chronic and complex conditions. One hospital in Far North Queensland initiated an additional free telephone service to provide another means of communication for patients and carers with the NNs and for off-campus health professionals to obtain details about a patient utilising the service. Calls made between 7am and 10pm, seven days per week are answered by a nurse navigator. AIM:To report utilisation of the service by navigated clients and remotely located clinicians compared to use of navigators' individual work numbers and direct health service numbers. We report the reason for calls to the free number and examine features of these calls. METHODS:Statistical analysis examined the call reason, duration of calls, setting from where calls originated and stream of calls. Interactions between the reasons for calls and the features of calls, such as contact method, were examined. RESULTS:The major reason for calls was clinical issues and the source of calls was primarily patients and carers. Clinical calls were longer in duration. Shorter calls were mainly non-clinical, made by a health professional. Setting for calls was not related to the reason. The most frequent number used was the individual mobile number of the NN, followed by the hospital landline. Although the free number was utilised by patients and carers, it was not the preferred option. CONCLUSION:As patients and carers preferred to access their NN directly than via the 1800 number, further research should explore options best suited to this group of patients outside normal business hours.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Perceptions of Water Pricing during a Drought: A Case Study from South Australia

Eileen Willis / Meryl Pearce / Loreen Mamerow / Bradley Jorgensen / John Martin

Water

Issue (1)

Abstract: This paper examines the perceptions of urban and regional water consumers in three areas of South Australia on the fairness of the water pricing system, the impact of increases in water pricing on households and pricing as a driver of water conservation. ...

Abstract	This paper examines the perceptions of urban and regional water consumers in three areas of South Australia on the fairness of the water pricing system, the impact of increases in water pricing on households and pricing as a driver of water conservation. The study was conducted in 2009 during a time of severe drought and mandatory water restrictions. The results did not show a general aversion to all aspects of price increases but rather different sectors of the population were particularly resistant to different, specific aspects of water pricing. A state-wide water pricing policy in South Australia means that all consumers pay the same rate per volume of water consumed regardless of their location; yet in the regional study area, where it costs more for the service provider to supply the water, the respondents had stronger feelings that the price of water should be higher in places where it costs more to supply it. Generally, low income earners were less in favor of a block pricing system than higher income earners. The latter findings indicate a common lack of awareness around various aspects of water pricing. Some implications of the findings for water managers are outlined.
Language	English
Document type	Article
Database	AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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