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Article ; Online: Emerging resistance to directly-acting antiviral therapy in treatment of chronic Hepatitis C infection—A brief review of literature

Mohit Bhatia / Ekta Gupta

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 531-

2020 Volume 538

Abstract: Hepatitis caused by Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. HCV is transmitted by injection drug use, blood transfusion, hemodialysis, organ transplantation and less frequently sexual intercourse. It has been recognized as a ... ...

Abstract	Hepatitis caused by Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. HCV is transmitted by injection drug use, blood transfusion, hemodialysis, organ transplantation and less frequently sexual intercourse. It has been recognized as a global health problem because of the progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Globally, about 170 million people are infected with HCV. Since the discovery of this virus in 1989, the clinical management of chronic hepatitis C infection has undergone a paradigm shift from alpha interferon to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. However, resistance to many of these antiviral agents has been reported increasingly from all over the globe. This review article focuses on the emerging HCV resistance to DAAs and the relevance of in vitro DAA resistance testing in clinical practice.
Keywords	directly acting antiviral ; hepatitis c virus ; resistance ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Seroprevalence and incidence of primary dengue infection and its correlation with fetomaternal prognosis in Western Rajasthan

Prabhu Prakash / Ekta Gupta / Pooja Nareda / Eshank Gupta / Richa Agarwal / Vishakha Ashopa / Anjali Beelwal

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol 12, Iss 8, Pp 1525-

2023 Volume 1530

Abstract: Background: Viral hemorrhagic fevers are becoming increasingly common in the tropics and subtropics. Dengue fever is currently the most important arthropod-borne viral disease because of its widespread distribution in more than 100 countries and its ... ...

Abstract	Background: Viral hemorrhagic fevers are becoming increasingly common in the tropics and subtropics. Dengue fever is currently the most important arthropod-borne viral disease because of its widespread distribution in more than 100 countries and its potential for extensive outbreaks of life-threatening disease. Material and Methods: This study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of Maternal and Child Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Rajasthan, India, between January 2021 and December 2021. Institutional Ethical Committee permission was obtained. All patients with clinical suspicion of dengue-like illness (DLI), attending outpatient department (OPD) or inpatient department (IPD), were included in the study after obtaining their written consent. A blood sample was collected, and the Dengue Duo rapid card test was conducted for the detection of nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen and immunoglobulin (Ig) M or IgG antibody estimation. All positive samples were tested for IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test using MAC-ELISA. Results: Of 250 positive sample, the distribution of cases as per clinical features was as follows: all cases presented with fever (100%) followed by myalgia (24.5%), headache (16.06%), hemorrhagic manifestation (13.25%), rash (8.84%), and bleeding gums (2.01%). Thrombocytopenia was seen in 30.40% (76/250) of dengue fever cases. NS1 antigen was detected in 157 cases (62.80%) followed by IgG in 84 cases (33.60%), IgM in 77 cases (30.80%), NS1+IgG in 27 cases (10.80%), NS1 + IgM in 16 cases (6.40%), and NS1 + IgM + IgG in five cases (2%). Of 250 samples, 77 cases were IgM positive and 173 were IgM negative by the Dengue Duo card test. Among the 173 Dengue Duo IgM card negative, 131 cases (79.39%) were also detected negative by IgM ELISA and 42 cases (49.41%) were detected positive by IgM ELISA. The sensitivity was 50.59%, the specificity was 79.39%, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 55.84%, the negative predictive value (NPV) was ...
Keywords	dengue duo rapid card ; dengue-like illness ; dengue virus ; elisa ; fetomaternal mortality ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	630 ; 610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mapping the footprints of COVID-19 pandemic

Aayushi Rastogi / Abhishek Padhi / Sabin Syed / Pranav Keshan / Ekta Gupta

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol 10, Iss 7, Pp 2467-

2021 Volume 2476

Abstract: The new member of the coronavirus family created havoc in the world in few days of its discovery and was declared as a pandemic by March 2020. The enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus was first identified in a patient with dry cough, pain, and weakness ... ...

Abstract	The new member of the coronavirus family created havoc in the world in few days of its discovery and was declared as a pandemic by March 2020. The enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus was first identified in a patient with dry cough, pain, and weakness for the past1 week with unknown etiology in Wuhan. The coronavirus soon spread across the globe in the next few weeks. To curb the spread of coronavirus, stringent measures such as lockdown and social distancing were enforced resulted in a declining of cases in various countries. However, unlocking, relaxation of preventive measures, and changing human behaviors led to a drastic increase in the number of COVID-19 cases resulting in the second wave of transmission. This resulted in reimposing of lockdown measures in countries such as Nepal, Italy, France, Netherland, and Germany. At present, the virus has affected over 110.7 million peoples and over 2.4 million deaths across the world, with India having the second-highest number of COVID-19 cases, following the United States of America. Furthermore, a cross-sectional view of the disease states several new strains being reported across the globe at one end and at another end there is rolling out of vaccine against COVID-19. There is still uncertainty related to curbing of the pandemic as effect of vaccine on new strains is undetermined. Thus, it is important to understand the transforming epidemiology of the virus as it helps in planning necessary steps for physicians and policymakers. The present review summarizes the updated information primarily about the epidemiology of COVID-19, from initiation to the present scenario.
Keywords	covid-19 ; epidemiology ; lockdown ; pandemic ; social distancing ; vaccine ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Organocatalytic asymmetric nitroso aldol reaction of α-substituted malonamates

Ekta Gupta / Narendra Kumar Vaishanv / Sandeep Kumar / Raja Krishnan Purshottam / Ruchir Kant / Kishor Mohanan

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 217-

2022 Volume 224

Abstract: A practical enantioselective N-selective nitroso aldol reaction of α-methylmalonamates with a nitrosoarene is reported. The reaction employs the Takemoto thiourea catalyst for the induction of enantioselectivity, and the corresponding optically active ... ...

Abstract	A practical enantioselective N-selective nitroso aldol reaction of α-methylmalonamates with a nitrosoarene is reported. The reaction employs the Takemoto thiourea catalyst for the induction of enantioselectivity, and the corresponding optically active oxyaminated malonamates were obtained in reasonably good yields.
Keywords	enantioselective ; malonamate ; nitroso aldol reaction ; n-selectivity ; takemoto catalyst ; Science ; Q ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Beilstein-Institut
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Performance Evaluation of an Improved HBsAg Assay (HBsAg NEXT) for the Detection of HBsAg Levels

Ekta Gupta / Arjun Bhugra / Jasmine Samal / Arvind Khodare / Keshaw Singh / Aayushi Rastogi / Manoj Kumar Sharma

Journal of Laboratory Physicians, Vol 15, Iss 04, Pp 533-

2023 Volume 538

Abstract: Objectives Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) plays an important role in the screening and diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. There is a need of highly sensitive assays with an improved lower limit of detection (LoD). Here, we ...

Abstract	Objectives Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) plays an important role in the screening and diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. There is a need of highly sensitive assays with an improved lower limit of detection (LoD). Here, we evaluate the performance characteristics of the HBsAg NEXT (HBsAg new) assay in the detection of HBsAg in clinical samples.
Keywords	hepatitis B ; immunoassay ; HBsAg ; occult hepatitis B ; HBsAg NEXT ; CHB ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Diagnostic dilemmas in Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis mimicking autoimmune hepatitis

Krithiga Ramachandran / Reshu Agarwal / Chhagan Bihari / Vikram Bhatia / Ekta Gupta

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol 9, Iss 5, Pp 2502-

A case report

2020 Volume 2504

Abstract: We report a case of 55-year-old female with chief complaints of fever and deranged liver function tests, diagnosed as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and under immunosuppressive therapy for two years. Following the failure in clinical improvement, she was ... ...

Abstract	We report a case of 55-year-old female with chief complaints of fever and deranged liver function tests, diagnosed as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and under immunosuppressive therapy for two years. Following the failure in clinical improvement, she was started on anti-tubercular therapy (ATT). While investigating the underlying etiology, virological markers for Hepatitis A to E were found to be negative with plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral load of 5 log10copies/ml. Additional investigation of the liver biopsy showed Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). The patient was initiated on chemotherapy but eventually succumbed to the illness. This case report underlines the dilemma in the initial diagnosis of AIH and the importance of considering hepatic involvement of EBV as one of the differential diagnosis among clinically suspected AIH cases not responding to immunosuppressive medications.
Keywords	chronic active ebv ; hodgkin's lymphoma ; immunosuppressive medications ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Blood-borne viruses and health care workers

Ekta Gupta / Amit Gupta

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol 34, Iss 2, Pp 137-

A neglected entity!

2016 Volume 138

Keywords	Science ; Q ; Microbiology ; QR1-502
Publishing date	2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Overweight and Obesity and its associated factors among high school students of Dibrugarh, Assam, India

Ekta Gupta / Tulika Goswami Mahanta

Indian Journal of Community Health, Vol 28, Iss 3, Pp 295-

2016 Volume 299

Abstract: Background: The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity is emerging as a public health problem in urban India and also contributes to obesity and various non-communicable diseases among adult population. Hence, it is necessary to identify potential ... ...

Abstract	Background: The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity is emerging as a public health problem in urban India and also contributes to obesity and various non-communicable diseases among adult population. Hence, it is necessary to identify potential risk factors for childhood obesity and formulate early interventions to control this epidemic. Aims & Objectives : To assess the magnitude of overweight and obesity among high-school students of Dibrugarh and to determine factors associated with it. Materials & Methods : A cross-sectional study including students enrolled in 8 th - 10 th grades in schools of urban Dibrugarh, Assam was conducted from October 2012 to June 2013 wherein 1000 students were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Information regarding dietary intake, amount of physical activity was collected using pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire followed by anthropometric measurements which included body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference was done. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS-16 software. Results : Of the 1000 students enrolled, 119 (11.9%) were overweight, 71 (7.1%) were obese and 225 (22.5%) had high waist-hip ratio. The factors significantly associated with overweight and obesity were higher socio-economic class, frequent intake of fast food items, sedentary lifestyle with less physical activity. Conclusion : Children belonging to higher socio-economic group, consuming fast food and involved in less physical activity were more predisposed to overweight and obesity.
Keywords	Overweight ; Obesity ; BMI ; high school students. ; Medicine ; R ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine, Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Vertical transmission of HIV, Where do we stand ? Study done in PPTCT center – in a tertiary level of hospital of Western Rajasthan

Usha Verma / Vishakha Asopa / Eshank Gupta / Ekta Gupta / Parmeshwar Lal / Prabhu Prakash

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol 10, Iss 8, Pp 2775-

2021 Volume 2780

Abstract: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in pregnant women has an important role in its spread to the pediatric population through vertical transmission. Effective utilization of Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission (PPTCT) services ...

Abstract	Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in pregnant women has an important role in its spread to the pediatric population through vertical transmission. Effective utilization of Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission (PPTCT) services can reduce this spread. This study aims to determine the vertical transmission of HIV, the seroprevalence of HIV in antenatal women, demographic factors of seropositive women, and utilization of PPTCT services to minimize the risk of mother-to-child transmission. Methods: This study was conducted to assess vertical transmission of HIV in the newborn of HIV pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) of a tertiary care hospital from August 2014 to December 2020. Pretest counseling, HIV testing, and posttest counseling were done as per National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) guidelines. Antiretroviral prophylaxis was given to seropositive women and their children. Analysis of demographic data of seropositive women and assessment of the utilization of PPTCT services were done according to available records. Results: In the study time, 139,619 new antenatal registrations were there, 68.21% of women attended pretest counseling and of them, 95.28% gave consent for HIV testing. Out of which, 0.14% were reported as HIV seropositive in PPTCT (tested according to NACO guidelines). In the study time, a total of 188 HIV-positive deliveries were conducted in our institute. Out of which, 144 (76.6%) were ANC-booked patients and 44 (23.4%) were unbooked patients and directly came in labor, deliveries were conducted according to NACO guidelines and all newborns were given nevirapine syrup. All newborns were followed up until 18 months and in study time, 78 dry blood samples (DBSs) were sent for DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection and all were reported negative by the reference laboratory at AIIMS, New Delhi. Conclusions: Adherence to testing, treatment, and follow-up in the antenatal and postnatal period can minimize the risk of HIV transmission from mother to ...
Keywords	anc ; art ; dbs ; eid ; hiv ; ictc ; naco guidelines ; pptct ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Circulation of DENV-3 Genotype 3 during 2017 to 2018 in Delhi

Abhishek Padhi / Ekta Gupta / Gaurav Singh / Shama Parveen / Arshi Islam / Bansidhar Tarai

Journal of Laboratory Physicians (2021)

A Single-Center Hospital-Based Study

2021

Abstract: Introduction Delhi is hyperendemic for dengue virus (DENV) where all the four DENV have previously been reported. A constant vigilance of circulating DENV serotypes is important in surveillance, since the introduction of a new variant to areas affected ... ...

Abstract	Introduction Delhi is hyperendemic for dengue virus (DENV) where all the four DENV have previously been reported. A constant vigilance of circulating DENV serotypes is important in surveillance, since the introduction of a new variant to areas affected by preexisting serotypes constitutes a risk factor for dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Objectives This retrospective study was performed with an objective to determine the circulating serotype and genotype of DENV in acute phase blood samples of patients who have reported to a tertiary liver care hospital in New Delhi during the last 2 years (2017–2018). Methods The data of clinician-initiated testing for dengue nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen (Ag) was searched in the institutional hospital information system. The serum sample of dengue NS1 Ag-positive cases confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; PANBIO, Gyeonggi-do, ROK) and a fever duration of less than 5 days were retrieved from the laboratory archive. The DENV serotyping on these sample was performed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was done for the capsid premembrane (CprM) region to determine the genotype. Results A total of 440 acute-phase samples were received. Twenty one (4.77%) were positive for dengue NS1 Ag with a mean age of 35.1 years and male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1. Eight cases (38.09%) were positive by dengue RT-PCR and all belonged to DENV-3 serotypes. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed DENV-3 clustered to genotype III with 100% homology with 2008 Indian subcontinent strain. Conclusion This study revealed circulation of DENV-3, genotype III in Delhi from 2017 to 2018, similar to the 2008 viral type. Virological surveillance is an important exercise to be done for viral infections with public threat and outbreak potential.
Keywords	dengue ; denv-3 ; genotype 3 ; surveillance ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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