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  1. AU="El-Sayed, Saad A."
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  1. Article: Review of thermal decomposition, kinetics parameters and evolved gases during pyrolysis of energetic materials using different techniques

    EL-Sayed, Saad A.

    Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis. 2022 Jan., v. 161

    2022  

    Abstract: Thermal decomposition, kinetics parameters, and evolved gases during pyrolysis of energetic materials using different techniques have been widely studied experimentally and theoretically since a long time ago and up to now. The overall reaction processes ...

    Abstract Thermal decomposition, kinetics parameters, and evolved gases during pyrolysis of energetic materials using different techniques have been widely studied experimentally and theoretically since a long time ago and up to now. The overall reaction processes and the conditions at which can be achieved and the quality and quantity of evolved gases obtained during their thermal decomposition still need more concern and investigation. The thermal analysis techniques such as (TG), (DSC), (DTA), FTIR, MS, or different combinations of them as a couple (TG-FTIR), (TG-MS) or triple (TG-MS-FTIR) are considered effective techniques for studying the thermal degradation of these materials. They allow a better understanding of the different pathways of chemical reactions and control the thermal behavior of these materials. The various kinetic models used to determine the kinetic parameters and the produced data from the measuring techniques also create deviations between the values of kinetic parameters for the same material used. Energetic materials of various classes and characterizations are introduced in this review and the values of kinetic parameters and gas product types are presented in tabulated forms and discussed. A comparison between the kinetic parameters values and evolved gas types for the same and different materials is presented in tabulated form and discussed.
    Keywords chemical control ; gases ; journals ; kinetics ; materials ; pyrolysis ; thermal analysis ; thermal properties
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-01
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0165-2370
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105364
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Pyrolysis kinetics and thermal degradation characteristics of coffee, date seed, and prickly pear wastes and their blends

    Alsulami, Radi A. / El-Sayed, Saad A. / Eltaher, M.A. / Akram, Mohammad / Almitani, Khalid H. / Mostafa, Mohamed E.

    Renewable Energy. 2023 July 18, p.119039-

    2023  , Page(s) 119039–

    Abstract: This study's objective was to emphasize the renewable lignocellulosic biomasses' energy potential by thermally describing them. The TG/DTG/DTA procedures were used to examine the thermal pyrolysis behavior of coffee wastes (CW), date seeds (DSM), prickly ...

    Abstract This study's objective was to emphasize the renewable lignocellulosic biomasses' energy potential by thermally describing them. The TG/DTG/DTA procedures were used to examine the thermal pyrolysis behavior of coffee wastes (CW), date seeds (DSM), prickly pears (PP), and two blends (50%CW/50%DSM and 33.3%CW/33.3%DSM/33.3%PP by weight), and their physico-chemical compositions were identified and assessed. The activation energy (E) of all tested samples was predicted using iso-conversional models like Friedman (FR), Starink (ST), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (FOW), and the frequency factor (A) was calculated based on the acquired (E) values utilizing the chemical reaction mechanisms (C1–C8). SEM, EDX, and FTIR techniques were used to examine the microstructure, mineralogy, and functional group present in the studied samples. Every DTG profile displayed a rightward shift when the heating rate (β) rose to higher temperatures. The difference in the average activation energy (Eav) values between the ST, OFW, and KAS models, except for the blend (1), does not surpass 5 kJ/mole. Increases in the (β) value, particularly for blends, were significantly correlated with increases in the maximum pyrolysis rate (−RP), pyrolysis index (CPI), pyrolysis stability index (RW), and volatile release index (Ddev). The ΔGav discrepancies between the results from all kinetic models for all samples varied from 1 to 7 kJ/mole. A little potential energy barrier was noticed when comparing the (Eav) to the average enthalpy (ΔHav).
    Keywords Opuntia ; activation energy ; enthalpy ; lignocellulose ; microstructure ; mineralogy ; potential energy ; pyrolysis ; renewable energy sources ; Biomass wastes ; Thermal pyrolysis ; Prickly pear wastes ; Coffee wastes ; Kinetic data ; Thermodynamic parameters
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0718
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 2001449-1
    ISSN 1879-0682 ; 0960-1481
    ISSN (online) 1879-0682
    ISSN 0960-1481
    DOI 10.1016/j.renene.2023.119039
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  3. Article ; Online: Thermal pyrolysis and kinetic parameter determination of mango leaves using common and new proposed parallel kinetic models.

    El-Sayed, Saad A / Mostafa, Mohamed E

    RSC advances

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 31, Page(s) 18160–18179

    Abstract: TG/DTG thermal pyrolysis analysis is performed under nitrogen from 100 to 1000 °C at three different heating rates for three types of most famous Egyptian mango leaves to be used as a biomass fuel. Proximate and ultimate analysis, organic composition, ... ...

    Abstract TG/DTG thermal pyrolysis analysis is performed under nitrogen from 100 to 1000 °C at three different heating rates for three types of most famous Egyptian mango leaves to be used as a biomass fuel. Proximate and ultimate analysis, organic composition, metallic components as well as thermal degradation and their characteristic properties are determined and deeply investigated to recognize the possibility to use them as a source of renewable energy. A maximum volatile released method and three isoconversional kinetic models were used to analyze the dependence of the activation energy (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2046-2069
    ISSN (online) 2046-2069
    DOI 10.1039/d0ra00493f
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Egyptian Sugarcane Bagasse and Cotton Stalks Powders in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustor

    El-Sayed, Saad A / Mostafa, Mohamed E

    Waste and biomass valorization. 2019 July, v. 10, no. 7

    2019  

    Abstract: Combustion and emission characteristics of Egyptian sugarcane bagasse and cotton stalks powders were investigated in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor (BFBC) using silica sand as an inert bed material. Mixing and fluidizing characteristics of the two ... ...

    Abstract Combustion and emission characteristics of Egyptian sugarcane bagasse and cotton stalks powders were investigated in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor (BFBC) using silica sand as an inert bed material. Mixing and fluidizing characteristics of the two biomass materials and bed material of a certain size distribution were studied. It was found that, the feed rate ranged from 70 to 113 g/min and feed rate of 51 g/min for cotton stalks and sugarcane bagasse, respectively may be suitable for better combustion characteristics in the BFBC. The effect of different operating parameters on the axial temperature and gas concentration profiles (O2, CO2, CO, H2S, SO2 and NOx) was investigated. It was found that the formation of NOX during combustion doesn’t represent a problem as the nitrogen content of fuel is low, the bed temperature of fluidized bed is below 900 °C, and the particle size of the biomass is small. It was found that combustion efficiency ranged from 90 to 100% and from 93 to 98.8% for sugarcane bagasse and cotton stalks, respectively. Thermal efficiency was found to be in the range of (33.7–41%) and (32.5–48.7%) for sugarcane bagasse and cotton stalks, respectively. A verification model for mass and heat balance of combustion experiments was constructed to confirm that the measured values of different parameters were measured accurately with acceptable percent of error.
    Keywords biomass ; carbon dioxide ; carbon monoxide ; combustion ; combustion efficiency ; cotton ; fluidized beds ; fuels ; heat ; hydrogen sulfide ; mixing ; models ; nitrogen content ; nitrogen oxides ; oxygen ; particle size ; powders ; quartz ; sugarcane bagasse ; sulfur dioxide ; temperature
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-07
    Size p. 2015-2035.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2541900-6
    ISSN 1877-265X ; 1877-2641
    ISSN (online) 1877-265X
    ISSN 1877-2641
    DOI 10.1007/s12649-018-0199-8
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  5. Article: Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic parameters determination of biomass fuel powders by differential thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG)

    El-Sayed, Saad A / M.E. Mostafa

    Energy conversion and management. 2014 Sept., v. 85

    2014  

    Abstract: The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of the two biomass materials (sugarcane bagasse and cotton stalks powders) were evaluated using a differential thermo-gravimetric analyzer under a non-isothermal condition. Two distinct reaction zones were ... ...

    Abstract The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of the two biomass materials (sugarcane bagasse and cotton stalks powders) were evaluated using a differential thermo-gravimetric analyzer under a non-isothermal condition. Two distinct reaction zones were observed for the two biomasses. The direct Arrhenius plot method and the integral method were applied for determination of kinetic parameters: activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and order of reaction. The weight loss curve showed that pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and cotton stalks took place mainly in the range of 200–500°C. The activation energy of the sugarcane bagasse powder obtained by the direct Arrhenius plot method ranged between 43 and 53.5kJ/mol. On the other side, the integral method shows larger values of activation energy (77–87.7kJ/mol). The activation energy of the cotton stalks powder obtained by the direct Arrhenius plot method was ranged between 98.5 and 100.2kJ/mol, but the integral method shows larger values of activation energy (72.5–127.8kJ/mol).
    Keywords activation energy ; biofuels ; biomass ; cotton ; differential thermal analysis ; powders ; pyrolysis ; sugarcane bagasse ; thermogravimetry ; weight loss
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-09
    Size p. 165-172.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2000891-0
    ISSN 0196-8904
    ISSN 0196-8904
    DOI 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.05.068
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  6. Article: Combustion behavior of large size coal over a wide range of heating rates in a concentrating photothermal reactor

    Hanjian, Li / Huanying, Chi / Song, Hu / Limo, He / Kai, Xu / Mostafa, Mohamed E / El-Sayed, Saad A / Yi, Wang / Sheng, Su / Jun, Xiang

    Fuel processing technology. 2019 Aug. 17,

    2019  

    Abstract: Combustion behaviors of large size coal pellets were studied in a novel room temperature chamber type concentrating photothermal apparatus. 4 heating rates of 4.0 °C/s, 15.1 °C/s, 52.4 °C/s and 69.4 °C/s were realized by adjusting the voltage-up rates of ...

    Abstract Combustion behaviors of large size coal pellets were studied in a novel room temperature chamber type concentrating photothermal apparatus. 4 heating rates of 4.0 °C/s, 15.1 °C/s, 52.4 °C/s and 69.4 °C/s were realized by adjusting the voltage-up rates of the heating lamps. The temperature, image, gas emission, and mass loss were synchronously detected and the reliabilities of data were strictly verified. Coal pellets presented “heterogeneous” ignition mechanism at slow (4.0 °C/s) heating rate, “joint homo-heterogeneous” at moderate (15.1 °C/s) heating rate, and “homogeneous” at sub-fast (52.4 °C/s) and fast (69.4 °C/s) heating rates. High concentrations of CO and CH4 were evident at all heating rates. The increase of heating rate accelerated all gas generation rates and leaded to the gas yield reduction of CO but rising of CO2. Kinetics studies of the reactions around the maximum mass loss rate were carried out ultimately. 1-dimensional diffusion mechanism model (D1) showed best correlation coefficients with the reactions at slow, moderate and sub-fast heating rates and the apparent activation energies slightly decreased from 84.45 and 66.18 to 62.28 kJ/mol. The fitting curve of reactions at fast heating rate was two-stage-style and correlated best to the 3-dimensional diffusion mechanism model based on Jander equation (D3) with activation energies of 33.74 and 11.54 kJ/mol.
    Keywords activation energy ; ambient temperature ; carbon dioxide ; carbon monoxide ; coal ; combustion ; equations ; heat ; lamps ; methane ; models ; pellets
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-0817
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 1483666-x
    ISSN 0378-3820
    ISSN 0378-3820
    DOI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106187
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