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Article ; Online: What SARS-CoV-2 Variants Have Taught Us: Evolutionary Challenges of RNA Viruses.

Bilasy, Shymaa E / Wahyuni, Tutik Sri / Ibrahim, Mohamed / El-Shamy, Ahmed

2024 Volume 16, Issue 1

Abstract: Since its discovery in 2019, SARS-CoV-2 still makes the headline news [ ... ]. ...

Abstract	Since its discovery in 2019, SARS-CoV-2 still makes the headline news [...].
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; RNA Viruses ; Biological Evolution
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v16010139
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Emerging Pathogens Causing Acute Hepatitis.

Sayed, Ibrahim M / El-Shamy, Ahmed / Abdelwahab, Sayed F

Microorganisms

2023 Volume 11, Issue 12

Abstract: Acute hepatitis is defined as an inflammation or injury in the hepatocytes that continues for a short period of time (less than 6 months) [ ... ]. ...

Abstract	Acute hepatitis is defined as an inflammation or injury in the hepatocytes that continues for a short period of time (less than 6 months) [...].
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms11122952
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Article: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: An Overview.

Bernal, Carter / How-Volkman, Christiane / Spencer, Madison / El-Shamy, Ahmed / Mohieldin, Ashraf M

Life (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 14, Issue 2

Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions worldwide since its outbreak in the winter of 2019. While extensive research has primarily focused on the deleterious respiratory effects of SARS-CoV-2 in recent years, ...

Abstract	The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions worldwide since its outbreak in the winter of 2019. While extensive research has primarily focused on the deleterious respiratory effects of SARS-CoV-2 in recent years, its pan-tropism has become evident. Among the vital organs susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection is the kidney. Post SARS-CoV-2 infection, patients have developed coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), with reported incidences of COVID-19 patients developing acute kidney injury (AKI). Given COVID-19's multisystemic manifestation, our review focuses on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection within the renal system with an emphasis on the current hypotheses regarding the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Emerging studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect the kidney, whereas EVs are involved in the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 particles to other neighboring cells. Once the viral particles are within the kidney system, many proinflammatory signaling pathways are shown to be activated, resulting in AKI. Hence, clinical investigation of urinary proinflammatory components and total urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) with viral particles have been used to assess the severity of AKI in patients with COVID-19. Remarkedly, new emerging studies have shown the potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) and ACE2-containing EVs as a hopeful therapeutic tool to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RNA replication and block viral entry, respectively. Overall, understanding EVs' physiological role is crucial and hopefully will rejuvenate our therapeutic approach towards COVID-19 patients with AKI.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662250-6
ISSN	2075-1729
ISSN	2075-1729
DOI	10.3390/life14020163
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Article ; Online: Circumferential Esophageal Reconstruction Using a Tissue-engineered Decellularized Tunica Vaginalis Graft in a Rabbit Model.

Adly, Hassan A / El-Okby, Abdel-Wahab Y / Yehya, Abdel-Aziz / El-Shamy, Ahmed A / Galhom, Rania A / Hashem, Mohamed A / Ahmed, Mahmoud F

Journal of pediatric surgery

2024

Abstract: Background: Pediatric surgeons have faced esophageal reconstruction challenges for decades owing to a variety of congenital and acquired conditions. This work aimed to introduce a reproducible and efficient approach for creating tissue-engineered ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pediatric surgeons have faced esophageal reconstruction challenges for decades owing to a variety of congenital and acquired conditions. This work aimed to introduce a reproducible and efficient approach for creating tissue-engineered esophageal tissue using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured in preconditioned mediums seeded on a sheep decellularized tunica vaginalis (DTV) scaffold for partial reconstruction of a rabbit's esophagus. Methods: DTV was performed using SDS and Triton X-100 solutions. The decellularized grafts were employed alone (DTV group) or after recellularization with BMSCs cultured for 10 days in preconditioned mediums (RTV group) for reconstructing a 3 cm segmental defect in the cervical esophagus of rabbits (n = 20) after the decellularization process was confirmed. Rabbits were observed for one month, after which they were euthanized, and the reconstructed esophagi were harvested for histological analysis. Results: Six rabbits in the DTV group and eight rabbits in the RTV group survived until the end of the one-month study period. Despite histological examination demonstrating that both grafts completely repaired the esophageal defect, the RTV graft demonstrated a histological structure similar to that of the normal esophagus. The reconstructed esophagi in the RTV group revealed the arrangement of the different layers of the esophageal wall with the formation of newly formed blood vessels and Schwann-like cells. Conclusion: DTV xenograft is a novel scaffold that promotes cell adhesion and differentiation and might be effectively utilized for regenerating esophageal tissue, paving the way for future clinical trials in pediatric patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80165-3
ISSN	1531-5037 ; 0022-3468
ISSN (online)	1531-5037
ISSN	0022-3468
DOI	10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.04.003
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Zs.A 607: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Comparative Study of Larvicidal Activity of Spinel Co

Mohamed, Rania A / Mostafa, Wageha A / Kassem, Lamyaa M / Ghazali, Niveen M / El-Shamy, Ahmed G

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 27, Issue 20

Abstract: Herein, we report the synthesis of spinel cobalt oxide nanorods ( ... ...

Abstract	Herein, we report the synthesis of spinel cobalt oxide nanorods (Co
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Culex ; Larva/microbiology ; Metarhizium ; Nanotubes/chemistry ; Spores, Fungal
Chemical Substances	cobalt tetraoxide ; spinell
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules27207035
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Article: Diagnostic Efficacy of Endoscopic Ultrasound Elastography in Differentiating Solid Pancreatic Lesions: A Single-Center Experience.

Altonbary, Ahmed Youssef / Hakim, Hazem / El-Shamy, Ahmed Mohamed

Clinical endoscopy

2019 Volume 52, Issue 4, Page(s) 360–364

Abstract: Background/aims: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has a limited ability to determine the nature of solid pancreatic lesions (SPLs). Most recent ultrasound processors are provided with elastography software, which allows quantification of the tissue hardness. ...

Abstract	Background/aims: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has a limited ability to determine the nature of solid pancreatic lesions (SPLs). Most recent ultrasound processors are provided with elastography software, which allows quantification of the tissue hardness. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the elasticity score (ES) and strain ratio (SR) in the differentiation of benign pancreatic lesions from malignant pancreatic lesions. Methods: The study had a retrospective design; it included 97 patients with SPLs and 19 patients with inflammatory lesions. The ES and SR were determined during the examination; finally, EUS-guided fine needle aspiration was performed. Results: In this 2-year study, 116 patients were enrolled (97 with malignant lesions and 19 with benign lesions). There were 69 men and 47 women. Their median age was 55.9 years. A cut-off point was detected at SR of 7.75 with a specificity of 99.9%, sensitivity of 90.7%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 99.9%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 67.9%, and accuracy of 92.2%. After adding the ES to the SR, the cut-off point at 7.75 resulted in a specificity of 94.6%, sensitivity of 99%, PPV of 98%, NPV of 98.5%, and accuracy of 97%. Conclusion: The use of the ES combined with the SR increases the accuracy of differentiation between benign and malignant SPLs and is an effective method for the evaluation of pancreatic masses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-08
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2643507-X
ISSN	2234-2443 ; 2234-2400
ISSN (online)	2234-2443
ISSN	2234-2400
DOI	10.5946/ce.2018.160
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Article ; Online: Imprinted immune abnormalities in liver transplant patients cured of hepatitis C with antiviral drugs.

Doyle, Erin H / Aloman, Costica / El-Shamy, Ahmed / Eng, Francis J / Kim-Schulze, Seunghee / Rahman, Adeeb / Schiano, Thomas / Heeger, Peter / Branch, Andrea D

Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society

2024

Abstract: Chronic HCV infection induces interferon and dysregulates immune responses through inflammation and chronic antigenic stimulation. Antiviral drugs can cure HCV, providing a unique opportunity to examine the immunological restoration that does and does ... ...

Abstract	Chronic HCV infection induces interferon and dysregulates immune responses through inflammation and chronic antigenic stimulation. Antiviral drugs can cure HCV, providing a unique opportunity to examine the immunological restoration that does and does not occur when a chronic viral infection is eradicated. We quantified blood cytokines levels and used mass cytometry to immunophenotype peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after HCV cure in 2 groups of patients and controls. At baseline, serum interferon α and soluble CD163 (a macrophage product) were elevated in both liver transplant and nonliver transplant patients compared to controls; the frequencies of several peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations differed from controls; and programmed death protein 1-positivity was increased in nearly all T cell subsets. Many abnormalities persisted after HCV cure, including elevated programmed death protein 1 expression on CD4 naïve and central memory T cells, elevated soluble CD163, and expansion of the plasmablast/plasma cell compartment. Several myeloid-lineage subsets, including Ag-presenting dendritic cells, remained dysregulated. In mechanistic studies, interferon α treatment increased programmed death protein 1 on human T cells and increased T cell receptor signaling. The data identify immunological abnormalities that persist after curative HCV treatment. Before cure, high levels of interferon α may stimulate programmed death protein 1 expression on human T cells, causing persistent functional changes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2006866-9
ISSN	1527-6473 ; 1527-6465
ISSN (online)	1527-6473
ISSN	1527-6465
DOI	10.1097/LVT.0000000000000342
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Zs.A 4702: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Circulating bioactive bacterial DNA is associated with immune activation and complications in common variable immunodeficiency.

Ho, Hsi-En / Radigan, Lin / Bongers, Gerold / El-Shamy, Ahmed / Cunningham-Rundles, Charlotte

JCI insight

2021 Volume 6, Issue 19

Abstract: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by profound primary antibody defects and frequent infections, yet autoimmune/inflammatory complications of unclear origin occur in 50% of individuals and lead to increased mortality. Here, we show ... ...

Abstract	Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by profound primary antibody defects and frequent infections, yet autoimmune/inflammatory complications of unclear origin occur in 50% of individuals and lead to increased mortality. Here, we show that circulating bacterial 16S rDNA belonging to gut commensals was significantly increased in CVID serum (P < 0.0001), especially in patients with inflammatory manifestations (P = 0.0007). Levels of serum bacterial DNA were associated with parameters of systemic immune activation, increased serum IFN-γ, and the lowest numbers of isotype-switched memory B cells. Bacterial DNA was bioactive in vitro and induced robust host IFN-γ responses, especially among patients with CVID with inflammatory manifestations. Patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (Bruton tyrosine kinase [BTK] deficiency) also had increased circulating bacterial 16S rDNA but did not exhibit prominent immune activation, suggesting that BTK may be a host modifier, dampening immune responses to microbial translocation. These data reveal a mechanism for chronic immune activation in CVID and potential therapeutic strategies to modify the clinical outcomes of this disease.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Agammaglobulinemia/blood ; Agammaglobulinemia/immunology ; Aged ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/blood ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/complications ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Bacterial Translocation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Common Variable Immunodeficiency/blood ; Common Variable Immunodeficiency/complications ; Common Variable Immunodeficiency/immunology ; DNA, Bacterial/blood ; DNA, Bacterial/immunology ; DNA, Ribosomal/blood ; DNA, Ribosomal/immunology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/blood ; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/immunology ; Granuloma/blood ; Granuloma/complications ; Granuloma/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Class Switching ; Immunologic Memory/immunology ; Inflammation/blood ; Inflammation/immunology ; Interferon-gamma/blood ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/blood ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/complications ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/blood ; Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/complications ; Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/immunology ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/blood ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/complications ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/immunology ; Splenomegaly/blood ; Splenomegaly/complications ; Splenomegaly/immunology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2379-3708
ISSN (online)	2379-3708
DOI	10.1172/jci.insight.144777
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Article: Endoscopic Ultrasound Elastography for Evaluation of Lymph Nodes: A Single Center Experience.

Altonbary, Ahmed Youssef / Hakim, Hazem / El-Shamy, Ahmed Mohamed

Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy

2018 Volume 2018, Page(s) 7186341

Abstract: Background and aim: The differentiation between malignant and benign lymph nodes (LNs) is important for tumor staging, for detection of prognosis, and for selection of the best treatment strategy in many cancers. On B-mode EUS, there are some known ... ...

Abstract	Background and aim: The differentiation between malignant and benign lymph nodes (LNs) is important for tumor staging, for detection of prognosis, and for selection of the best treatment strategy in many cancers. On B-mode EUS, there are some known criteria that suggest the malignant nature of LNs; these criteria may be found in benign LNs. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of elasticity score and SR to differentiate between benign and malignant LNs. Patients and methods: The study was designed as a retrospective study that included 40 patients with abdominal or mediastinal LNs, either associated with primary masses or isolated, referred for EUS evaluation. Elasticity scores and SR were determined during the examination and finally, EUS-FNA was done at the end of the procedure. Results: In this 2-years study, 40 patients were enrolled (24 malignant; 16 benign). There were 23 males and 17 females. Their mean age was 52.5 years (range: 28-77). ES alone had a specificity of 87.5%, sensitivity of 41.7%, PPV of 83.3%, NPV of 50%, and accuracy of 60%. Based on the ROC curve analysis results, the best cut-off level of SR to obtain the maximum area under the curve (AUC) was 6.7 with a specificity of 99.9%, sensitivity of 57.1%, PPV of 99.9%, NPV of 64%, and accuracy of 77.5%. Conclusion: The use of elasticity score and SR increases the reliability of differentiation between benign and malignant LNs and can decrease the number of unnecessary biopsies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1327325-5
ISSN	1070-3608
ISSN	1070-3608
DOI	10.1155/2018/7186341
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Zs.A 4312: Show issues

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Article: Nanoparticles as a novel and promising antiviral platform in veterinary medicine

Fawzy, Mohamed / Khairy, Gasser M. / Hesham, Ahmed / Rabaan, Ali A. / El-Shamy, Ahmed G. / Nagy, Abdou

Archives of virology. 2021 Oct., v. 166, no. 10

2021

Abstract: Traditional veterinary virus vaccines, such as inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines, have achieved tremendous success in controlling many viral diseases of livestock and chickens worldwide. However, many recent viral outbreaks caused by different ... ...

Abstract	Traditional veterinary virus vaccines, such as inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines, have achieved tremendous success in controlling many viral diseases of livestock and chickens worldwide. However, many recent viral outbreaks caused by different emerging and re-emerging viruses continue to be reported annually worldwide. It is therefore necessary to develop new control regimens. Nanoparticle research has received considerable attention in the last two decades as a promising platform with significant success in veterinary medicine, replacing traditional viral vector vaccines. However, the field of nanoparticle applications is still in its initial phase of growth. Here, we discuss various preparation methods, characteristics, physical properties, antiviral effects, and pharmacokinetics of well-developed nanoparticles and the potential of nanoparticles or nano-vaccines as a promising antiviral platform for veterinary medicine.
Keywords	live vaccines ; pharmacokinetics ; veterinary medicine ; virology ; viruses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-10
Size	p. 2673-2682.
Publishing place	Springer Vienna
Document type	Article
Note	Review
ZDB-ID	7491-3
ISSN	1432-8798 ; 0304-8608
ISSN (online)	1432-8798
ISSN	0304-8608
DOI	10.1007/s00705-021-05177-w
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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