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  1. Article ; Online: How the minimalist model of ownership psychology can aid in explaining moral behaviors under resource constraints.

    Mitkidis, Panagiotis / Elbaek, Christian T

    The Behavioral and brain sciences

    2023  Volume 46, Page(s) e343

    Abstract: The model of ownership psychology as a cognitive adaptation proposes that people flexibly navigate cognitive systems of cooperation and competition, thus enabling them to justify unethical behavior. We discuss how this model captures previous accounts of ...

    Abstract The model of ownership psychology as a cognitive adaptation proposes that people flexibly navigate cognitive systems of cooperation and competition, thus enabling them to justify unethical behavior. We discuss how this model captures previous accounts of unethical behavior and propose that a disengagement heuristic can help us understand recent findings in the interconnection between scarcity psychology and unethical behavior.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Morals ; Ownership/ethics ; Social Behavior ; Models, Psychological ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 423721-3
    ISSN 1469-1825 ; 0140-525X
    ISSN (online) 1469-1825
    ISSN 0140-525X
    DOI 10.1017/S0140525X23001401
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1470: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Reply to Vogt et al.: What does it mean that a phenomenon generalizes?

    Mazar, Nina / Elbaek, Christian T / Mitkidis, Panagiotis

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2024  Volume 121, Issue 20, Page(s) e2316670121

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2316670121
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1148: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  3. Article ; Online: Experiment aversion does not appear to generalize.

    Mazar, Nina / Elbaek, Christian T / Mitkidis, Panagiotis

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2023  Volume 120, Issue 16, Page(s) e2217551120

    Abstract: Over the past decade, governments and organizations around the world have established behavioral insights teams advocating for randomized experiments. However, recent findings by M. N. ... ...

    Abstract Over the past decade, governments and organizations around the world have established behavioral insights teams advocating for randomized experiments. However, recent findings by M. N. Meyer
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Policy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Behavioral Sciences ; Research Design
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2217551120
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1148: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  4. Article ; Online: Reply to Bas et al.: The difference between a genuine tendency and a context-specific response.

    Mazar, Nina / Elbaek, Christian T / Mitkidis, Panagiotis

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2023  Volume 120, Issue 50, Page(s) e2318010120

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2318010120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1148: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article ; Online: Author Correction: Subjective socioeconomic status and income inequality are associated with self-reported morality across 67 countries.

    Elbæk, Christian T / Mitkidis, Panagiotis / Aarøe, Lene / Otterbring, Tobias

    Nature communications

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 8431

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-44402-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Subjective socioeconomic status and income inequality are associated with self-reported morality across 67 countries.

    Elbæk, Christian T / Mitkidis, Panagiotis / Aarøe, Lene / Otterbring, Tobias

    Nature communications

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 5453

    Abstract: Individuals can experience a lack of economic resources compared to others, which we refer to as subjective experiences of economic scarcity. While such experiences have been shown to shift cognitive focus, attention, and decision-making, their ... ...

    Abstract Individuals can experience a lack of economic resources compared to others, which we refer to as subjective experiences of economic scarcity. While such experiences have been shown to shift cognitive focus, attention, and decision-making, their association with human morality remains debated. We conduct a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between subjective experiences of economic scarcity, as indexed by low subjective socioeconomic status at the individual level, and income inequality at the national level, and various self-reported measures linked to morality. In a pre-registered study, we analyze data from a large, cross-national survey (N = 50,396 across 67 countries) allowing us to address limitations related to cross-cultural generalizability and measurement validity in prior research. Our findings demonstrate that low subjective socioeconomic status at the individual level, and income inequality at the national level, are associated with higher levels of moral identity, higher morality-as-cooperation, a larger moral circle, and increased prosocial intentions. These results appear robust to several advanced control analyses. Finally, exploratory analyses indicate that observed income inequality at the national level is not a statistically significant moderator of the associations between subjective socioeconomic status and the included measures of morality. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for understanding human morality under experiences of resource scarcity.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Self Report ; Income ; Social Class ; Low Socioeconomic Status ; Morals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-41007-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Can Digit Ratio and Gender Identity Predict Preferences for Consumption Options With a Distinct Gender Image?

    Otterbring, Tobias / Elbæk, Christian T / Lu, Chaoren

    Frontiers in psychology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 923709

    Abstract: This study investigated whether individuals' preferences for masculine (vs. feminine) consumption options could be predicted by a biological sex cue (the 2D:4D digit ratio; a biomarker linked to prenatal testosterone exposure), and a psychological gender ...

    Abstract This study investigated whether individuals' preferences for masculine (vs. feminine) consumption options could be predicted by a biological sex cue (the 2D:4D digit ratio; a biomarker linked to prenatal testosterone exposure), and a psychological gender cue (self-perceived gender identity). Chinese participants (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.923709
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  8. Article ; Online: Morality in minimally deceptive environments.

    Mitkidis, Panagiotis / Perkovic, Sonja / Nichols, Aaron / Elbæk, Christian T / Gerlach, Philipp / Ariely, Dan

    Journal of experimental psychology. Applied

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 48–61

    Abstract: Psychologists, economists, and philosophers have long argued that in environments where deception is normative, moral behavior is harmed. In this article, we show that individuals making decisions within minimally deceptive environments do not behave ... ...

    Abstract Psychologists, economists, and philosophers have long argued that in environments where deception is normative, moral behavior is harmed. In this article, we show that individuals making decisions within minimally deceptive environments do not behave more dishonestly than in nondeceptive environments. We demonstrate the latter using an example of experimental deception within established institutions, such as laboratories and institutional review boards. We experimentally manipulated whether participants received information about their deception. Across three well-powered studies, we empirically demonstrate that minimally deceptive environments do not affect downstream dishonest behavior. Only when participants were in a minimally deceptive environment and aware of being observed, their dishonest behavior decreased. Our results show that the relationship between deception and dishonesty might be more complicated than previous interpretations have suggested and expand the understanding of how deception might affect (im)moral behavior. We discuss possible limitations and future directions as well as the applied nature of these findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Deception ; Morals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2103149-6
    ISSN 1939-2192 ; 1076-898X
    ISSN (online) 1939-2192
    ISSN 1076-898X
    DOI 10.1037/xap0000476
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  9. Article ; Online: Morality in the time of cognitive famine: The effects of memory load on cooperation and honesty.

    Mitkidis, Panagiotis / Lindeløv, Jonas K / Elbaek, Christian T / Porubanova, Michaela / Grzymala-Moszczynska, Joanna / Ariely, Dan

    Acta psychologica

    2022  Volume 228, Page(s) 103664

    Abstract: Though human social interaction in general seems effortless at times, successful engagement in collaborative or exploitative social interaction requires the availability of cognitive resources. Research on Dual-Process suggests that two systems, the ... ...

    Abstract Though human social interaction in general seems effortless at times, successful engagement in collaborative or exploitative social interaction requires the availability of cognitive resources. Research on Dual-Process suggests that two systems, the affective (non-reflective) and the cognitive (reflective), are responsible for different types of reasoning. Nevertheless, the evidence on which system leads to what type of behavioral outcome, in terms of prosociality, is at best contradicting and perplexing. In the present paper, we examined the role of the two systems, operationalized as working memory depletion, in prosocial decision-making. We hypothesize that the nature of the available cognitive resources could affect whether humans engage in collaborative or exploitative social interaction. Using Operation Span to manipulate the availability of working memory, we examined how taxing the cognitive system affects cooperation and cheating. In two experiments, we provide evidence that concurrent load, but not cumulative load is detrimental to cooperation, whereas neither concurrent nor cumulative load seems to affect cheating behavior. These findings are in contrast to several previous assumptions. We discuss limitations, possible explanations, and future directions.
    MeSH term(s) Cognition ; Deception ; Famine ; Humans ; Memory, Short-Term ; Morals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-07
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1480049-4
    ISSN 1873-6297 ; 0001-6918
    ISSN (online) 1873-6297
    ISSN 0001-6918
    DOI 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103664
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  10. Article: Commentary: Grounded procedures: A proximate mechanism for the psychology of cleansing and other physical actions.

    Otterbring, Tobias / Mitkidis, Panagiotis / Aarøe, Lene / Elbæk, Christian T

    Frontiers in psychology

    2020  Volume 11, Page(s) 2137

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02137
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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