LIVIVO - Das Suchportal für Lebenswissenschaften

switch to English language
Zurück zur letzten Suche Suchhistorie
Erweiterte Suche

Ihre letzten Suchen

  1. AU="Eleanor Eaton"
  2. AU="Latour, Corine H M"
  3. AU="Radetic, Mark"
  4. AU="James Jensen"
  5. AU="McFalls, Jeanne"
  6. AU="Sylvain Sebert"

Suchergebnis

Treffer 1 - 5 von insgesamt 5

Suchoptionen

  1. Artikel ; Online: Developing and testing an environmental economics approach to the valuation and application of urban health externalities

    Eleanor Eaton / Alistair Hunt / Daniel Black

    Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

    2023  Band 11

    Abstract: BackgroundPoor quality urban environments have substantial impacts on public and planetary health. These costs to society are not readily quantifiable and remain largely external to mainstream measures of progress. Methods for accounting for these ... ...

    Abstract BackgroundPoor quality urban environments have substantial impacts on public and planetary health. These costs to society are not readily quantifiable and remain largely external to mainstream measures of progress. Methods for accounting for these externalities exist, but their effective application is in development. Yet there is an increasing urgency and demand given the profound threats to quality of life both now and in the future.MethodsWe combine data from a series of systematic reviews of the quantitative evidence linking characteristics of the urban environment with health consequences and the economic valuation of these health impacts from a societal perspective within a spreadsheet-based tool. The tool–named HAUS–allows the user to estimate the health impacts of changes in urban environments. The economic valuation of these impacts in turn facilitates the use of such data in broader economic appraisal of urban development projects and policies.FindingsUsing the Impact-Pathway approach, observations of a variety of health impacts associated with 28 characteristics of the urban environment are applied to forecast changes in cases of specific health impacts that result from changes in urban contexts. Unit values for the societal cost of 78 health outcomes are estimated and incorporated in the HAUS model in order to allow the quantification of the potential effect size of a given change in the urban environment. Headline results are presented for a real-world application in which urban development scenarios that have varying quantities of green space are evaluated. The potential uses of the tool are validated via formal semi-structured interviews with 15 senior decision-makers from the public and private sectors.InterpretationResponses suggest that there is significant demand for this kind of evidence, that it is valued despite the inherent uncertainties, and has a very wide range of potential applications. Analysis of the results suggest expert interpretation and contextual understanding is critical for ...
    Schlagwörter health ; environmental economics ; decision-making ; urban development ; planning ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 710
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Frontiers Media S.A.
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

    Volltext online

    Zusatzmaterialien

    Kategorien

    Fernleihe an ZB MED

    Sie können sich den gewünschten Titel als lokale Nutzerin oder lokaler Nutzer von ZB MED direkt an den Standort Köln schicken lassen.

  2. Artikel ; Online: What Are the Environmental Benefits and Costs of Reducing Food Waste? Bristol as a Case Study in the WASTE FEW Urban Living Lab Project

    Eleanor Eaton / Alistair Hunt / Anastasia Di Leo / Daniel Black / Gwen Frost / Sarah Hargreaves

    Sustainability, Vol 14, Iss 5573, p

    2022  Band 5573

    Abstract: The city of Bristol currently generates around 48,000 tonnes of household food waste every year. This waste incurs loss of resources and environmental damage throughout the food cycle. In this paper we quantify and value the baseline socio-environmental ... ...

    Abstract The city of Bristol currently generates around 48,000 tonnes of household food waste every year. This waste incurs loss of resources and environmental damage throughout the food cycle. In this paper we quantify and value the baseline socio-environmental impacts from household food waste in Bristol before examining the potential costs and benefits that may result from changes to food waste behaviour. In so doing, we look to better inform the choice of food waste reduction methods in public policy. The environmental impacts of two possible policy targets are explored: (1) a 20% increase in food waste recycling and (2) an overall decrease in food waste of 20%. Environmental impacts are estimated for 13 different hazards, including Global Warming Potential, Particulate Matter, Human Toxicity and Water Depletion. The societal consequences of these environmental changes are monetised using non-market values which allows us to directly compare the relative importance of different environmental impacts and the trade-offs between these impacts in each scenario. For example, we estimate that the Global Warming Potential of Bristol’s annual food waste equates to around 110,000 tonnes CO 2 , or 25,000 additional cars on the road every year. We find that a 20% improvement in recycling behaviour would lead to an annual reduction of 113 tonnes of CO 2 equivalent, whilst a 20% reduction in food waste would result in an annual reduction of 15,000 tonnes CO 2 equivalent. Findings suggest that the environmental impact of waste management is significantly overshadowed by the impact of resources used in food production and distribution before it becomes waste.
    Schlagwörter food–energy–water nexus ; food waste ; resource efficiency ; non-market valuation ; environmental economics ; urban living lab ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 333
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

    Volltext online

    Zusatzmaterialien

    Kategorien

    Fernleihe an ZB MED

    Sie können sich den gewünschten Titel als lokale Nutzerin oder lokaler Nutzer von ZB MED direkt an den Standort Köln schicken lassen.

  3. Artikel ; Online: Testing Food Waste Reduction Targets

    Daniel Black / Taoyuan Wei / Eleanor Eaton / Alistair Hunt / Joy Carey / Ulrich Schmutz / Bingzi He / Ian Roderick

    Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 6004, p

    Integrating Transition Scenarios with Macro-Valuation in an Urban Living Lab

    2023  Band 6004

    Abstract: Bristol, one of the United Kingdom’s (UK) nine Core Cities, is seeking to achieve Zero Waste City status by 2049. This study combines macro-economic valuation with transition pathway mapping and adapted participatory scenario planning to stress test the ... ...

    Abstract Bristol, one of the United Kingdom’s (UK) nine Core Cities, is seeking to achieve Zero Waste City status by 2049. This study combines macro-economic valuation with transition pathway mapping and adapted participatory scenario planning to stress test the city’s ambitious food waste targets. The primary aim is to enable better understanding of who might be affected by achieving these targets, both locally and nationally, the potential scale of impacts, and therefore the potential barriers and policy opportunities. The valuation focuses on household and commercial food waste, combining available site and city data with national level proxies. Impact areas include changes in sectoral income, employee income, capital owner income, tax revenue, and carbon emissions. Four scenarios, based on two extreme cases, are modelled to consider food waste reduction and potential shifts in consumption patterns. Results indicate that current market and governance failures incentivise waste, and suggest potential routes to transition, including trade-offs and resource reallocation, alongside the need to acknowledge and respond to these profound structural barriers. With further development and testing, the approach may contribute to a better understanding of how to achieve city socioenvironmental targets.
    Schlagwörter food waste ; urban governance ; societal impact ; urban health ; transition pathways ; barrier identification ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 360
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

    Volltext online

    Zusatzmaterialien

    Kategorien

    Fernleihe an ZB MED

    Sie können sich den gewünschten Titel als lokale Nutzerin oder lokaler Nutzer von ZB MED direkt an den Standort Köln schicken lassen.

  4. Artikel ; Online: Valuation of the urban environment by its potential impact on human health

    Eleanor Eaton, MA / Alistair Hunt, PhD

    The Lancet Planetary Health, Vol 3, Iss , Pp S4- (2019)

    a modelling study for the UPSTREAM project

    2019  

    Abstract: Background: Urban environments are placing an increasing burden on our life support systems. Research is needed further upstream in urban governance and on the role of economic valuation in critical decision-making. The three-year pilot study, Moving ... ...

    Abstract Background: Urban environments are placing an increasing burden on our life support systems. Research is needed further upstream in urban governance and on the role of economic valuation in critical decision-making. The three-year pilot study, Moving Health Upstream in Urban Development (UPSTREAM), funded by Wellcome, has made a small, but important contribution to research in this area. We report here on the results of the workstream to quantify the scale of the impact that the built environment has on health in monetary terms. Methods: Following a systematic literature review carried out by University of the West of England, observed health impacts associated with different characteristics of the environment were applied to a hypothetical population of 1000 people. Unit values for the societal cost of around 60 health outcomes were defined using existing valuation evidence. Reference values were established for the intervals between worst-case and best-case scenarios in the UK new build housing context. Findings: We estimated the societal value of health impacts arising from 26 characteristics of the built environment, including green space, air quality, noise, overheating and proximity to a main road. It is possible to use these findings to compare the relative importance of each feature. Interpretation: Even in the context of a well-regulated sector, the UK new build environment shows potential for significant differences in health impacts between the best and worst quality of design. Although interior conditions such as thermal comfort are important, it is the wider environmental context such as green space and air quality where the largest impacts occur. We have shown that this potential for change can be monetised in terms of the impact on health, using a metric that might be useful for social planners. Funding: The Wellcome Trust.
    Schlagwörter Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Elsevier
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

    Volltext online

    Zusatzmaterialien

    Kategorien

    Fernleihe an ZB MED

    Sie können sich den gewünschten Titel als lokale Nutzerin oder lokaler Nutzer von ZB MED direkt an den Standort Köln schicken lassen.

  5. Artikel ; Online: Tackling Root Causes Upstream of Unhealthy Urban Development (TRUUD)

    Eli Hatleskog / Andy Gibson / Ben Hicks / Matthew Hickman / Paul Pilkington / Alistair Hunt / Nick Pearce / Kathy Pain / Gabriel Scally / Ges Rosenberg / Rona Campbell / Sarah Ayres / Daniel Black / Rachel Brierley / Krista Bondy / John Coggon / Neil Carhart / Eleonora Fichera / Eleanor Eaton

    Wellcome Open Research, Vol

    Protocol of a five-year prevention research consortium [version 2; peer review: 3 approved]

    2022  Band 6

    Abstract: Poor quality urban environments substantially increase non-communicable disease. Responsibility for associated decision-making is dispersed across multiple agents and systems: fast growing urban authorities are the primary gatekeepers of new development ... ...

    Abstract Poor quality urban environments substantially increase non-communicable disease. Responsibility for associated decision-making is dispersed across multiple agents and systems: fast growing urban authorities are the primary gatekeepers of new development and change in the UK, yet the driving forces are remote private sector interests supported by a political economy focused on short-termism and consumption-based growth. Economic valuation of externalities is widely thought to be fundamental, yet evidence on how to value and integrate it into urban development decision-making is limited, and it forms only a part of the decision-making landscape. Researchers must find new ways of integrating socio-environmental costs at numerous key leverage points across multiple complex systems. This mixed-methods study comprises of six highly integrated work packages. It aims to develop and test a multi-action intervention in two urban areas: one on large-scale mixed-use development, the other on major transport. The core intervention is the co-production with key stakeholders through interviews, workshops, and participatory action research, of three areas of evidence: economic valuations of changed health outcomes; community-led media on health inequalities; and routes to potential impact mapped through co-production with key decision-makers, advisors and the lay public. This will be achieved by: mapping system of actors and processes involved in each case study; developing, testing and refining the combined intervention; evaluating the extent to which policy and practice changes amongst our target users, and the likelihood of impact on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) downstream. The integration of such diverse disciplines and sectors presents multiple practical/operational issues. The programme is testing new approaches to research, notably with regards practitioner-researcher integration and transdisciplinary research co-leadership. Other critical risks relate to urban development timescales, uncertainties in ...
    Schlagwörter Urban environments ; Non-communicable disease ; Planetary health ; Inequality ; Upstream ; Commercial determinants of health ; eng ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 360
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Wellcome
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

    Volltext online

    Zusatzmaterialien

    Kategorien

    Fernleihe an ZB MED

    Sie können sich den gewünschten Titel als lokale Nutzerin oder lokaler Nutzer von ZB MED direkt an den Standort Köln schicken lassen.

Zum Seitenanfang