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  1. Article ; Online: Development of templates to enable countries to apply behavioural science in using global survey data to inform their COVID-19 policies

    Elizabeth Corker / Elena Altieri / Susan Michie / Eloise Adsett

    Qeios (2022)

    2022  

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vital importance and impact of human behaviour on viral transmission. During 2020, large amounts of global survey data were collected and made freely available to help the response. Many teams responding to the ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vital importance and impact of human behaviour on viral transmission. During 2020, large amounts of global survey data were collected and made freely available to help the response. Many teams responding to the pandemic lack capacity to interpret and apply behavioural data. A collaboration of the World Health Organization’s Behavioural Insights team and UCL’s Centre for Behaviour Change designed and piloted two templates to enable survey data use during the first months of the pandemic. The first template documents key behaviours, thoughts and emotions related to the pandemic, with social interactions and population adherence to behavioural guidelines. The second template enables countries to formulate questions or issues that they would like behavioural data to address. This collaborative process applying behavioural science theory produced structured templates to enable the organisation, interpretation, sharing and application of survey data to inform policy and practice in different country contexts.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 310
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Qeios Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Interventions to reintroduce or increase assisted vaginal births

    Ana Pilar Betran / Shakila Thangaratinam / Maria Regina Torloni / Soha Sobhy / Newton Opiyo / Elena Altieri / Barbara Nolens / Diederike Geelhoed

    BMJ Open, Vol 13, Iss

    a systematic review of the literature

    2023  Volume 2

    Abstract: Objective To synthesise the evidence from studies that implemented interventions to increase/reintroduce the use of assisted vaginal births (AVB).Design Systematic review.Eligibility criteria We included experimental, semi-experimental and observational ... ...

    Abstract Objective To synthesise the evidence from studies that implemented interventions to increase/reintroduce the use of assisted vaginal births (AVB).Design Systematic review.Eligibility criteria We included experimental, semi-experimental and observational studies that reported any intervention to reintroduce/increase AVB use.Data sources We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, Scopus, Cochrane, WHO Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO.int/ictrp through September 2021.Risk of bias For trials, we used the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care tool; for other designs we used Risk of Bias for Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions.Data extraction and synthesis Due to heterogeneity in interventions, we did not conduct meta-analyses. We present data descriptively, grouping studies according to settings: high-income countries (HICs) or low/middle-income countries (LMICs). We classified direction of intervention effects as (a) statistically significant increase or decrease, (b) no statistically significant change or (c) statistical significance not reported in primary study. We provide qualitative syntheses of the main barriers and enablers for success of the intervention.Results We included 16 studies (10 from LMICs), mostly of low or moderate methodological quality, which described interventions with various components (eg, didactic sessions, simulation, hands-on training, guidelines, audit/feedback). All HICs studies described isolated initiatives to increase AVB use; 9/10 LMIC studies tested initiatives to increase AVB use as part of larger multicomponent interventions to improve maternal/perinatal healthcare. No study assessed women’s views or designed interventions using behavioural theories. Overall, interventions were less successful in LMICs than in HICs. Increase in AVB use was not associated with significant increase in adverse maternal or perinatal outcomes. The main barriers to the successful implementation of the initiatives were related to staff and hospital ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: The Role of Pro-Adrenomedullin as a Marker of Severe Bacterial Infection in Children

    Silvia Garazzino / Elena Altieri / Marco Denina

    Reports, Vol 2, Iss 3, p

    A Review

    2019  Volume 17

    Abstract: Sepsis is still related to high mortality and hospitalization rates in the paediatric population despite medical progress. Prompt recognition of sepsis and consequent initiation of an appropriate treatment are essential elements in securing a positive ... ...

    Abstract Sepsis is still related to high mortality and hospitalization rates in the paediatric population despite medical progress. Prompt recognition of sepsis and consequent initiation of an appropriate treatment are essential elements in securing a positive outcome in adults and children. In such scenario, various biomarkers have been studied to support the clinician in the diagnosis of severe infections, in the identification of patients at risk of progression towards sepsis as well as in the evaluation of the response to treatment. In children, the performance of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin has been largely investigated, whereas data on newer biomarkers of sepsis are scant. The aim of the present review is to summarise the available data on the use of pro-adrenomedullin in the paediatric age.
    Keywords adrenomedullin ; children ; neonates ; sepsis ; severe infections ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Media coverage and framing of road traffic safety in India

    Jagnoor Jagnoor / Margaret Peden / Medhavi Gupta / Inayat Singh Kakar / Elena Altieri

    BMJ Global Health, Vol 6, Iss

    2021  Volume 3

    Abstract: Background Media coverage of road traffic collisions (RTCs) may influence preventative action. India experiences some of the highest RTC mortality and morbidity rates globally, but advocacy and effective action to mitigate this has been limited. We ... ...

    Abstract Background Media coverage of road traffic collisions (RTCs) may influence preventative action. India experiences some of the highest RTC mortality and morbidity rates globally, but advocacy and effective action to mitigate this has been limited. We conducted an analysis of Indian media in English to assess whether coverage met the WHO’s Reporting on Road Safety guidelines for evidence-based reporting of RTCs.Methods English-language articles published online between March 2018 and February 2019 were assessed against the seven recommended story angles and seven recommended key elements in the WHO guidelines.Results 458 articles were included in the analysis. The most common story angle was descriptions of single collisions, which was not a WHO-recommended story angle. These included limited key elements such as use of human story or linking to road safety risks or evidence-based solutions. However, some articles did follow the WHO-recommended story angles, with 22.1% discussing specific road safety solutions and a further 6.3% discussing vulnerable groups. Almost all articles avoided the use of technical language, but only 2.0% explicitly stated that RTCs were preventable. More than half identified at least one evidence-based solution. Very few articles discussed economic or health impacts of RTCs, including the burden they present to the public health system.Conclusion Indian media in English can improve reporting by focusing on human stories and documenting experiences of those injured in RTCs. Coverage should also focus more on evidence-based solutions, emphasising the systems approach which encourages government action rather than changes to individual behaviour.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Subject code 380
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Behavioural factors associated with fear of litigation as a driver for the increased use of caesarean sections

    Soo Downe / Ana Pilar Betran / B R Shamanna / Maria Regina Torloni / Elena Altieri / Gill Moncrieff / Sarah Elaraby / Joanna Erdman / Sunny Mannava

    BMJ Open, Vol 13, Iss

    a scoping review

    2023  Volume 4

    Abstract: Objective To explore the behavioural drivers of fear of litigation among healthcare providers influencing caesarean section (CS) rates.Design Scoping review.Data sources We searched MEDLINE, Scopus and WHO Global Index (1 January 2001 to 9 March 2022) ... ...

    Abstract Objective To explore the behavioural drivers of fear of litigation among healthcare providers influencing caesarean section (CS) rates.Design Scoping review.Data sources We searched MEDLINE, Scopus and WHO Global Index (1 January 2001 to 9 March 2022).Data extraction and synthesis Data were extracted using a form specifically designed for this review and we conducted content analysis using textual coding for relevant themes. We used the WHO principles for the adoption of a behavioural science perspective in public health developed by the WHO Technical Advisory Group for Behavioural Sciences and Insights to organise and analyse the findings. We used a narrative approach to summarise the findings.Results We screened 2968 citations and 56 were included. Reviewed articles did not use a standard measure of influence of fear of litigation on provider’s behaviour. None of the studies used a clear theoretical framework to discuss the behavioural drivers of fear of litigation. We identified 12 drivers under the three domains of the WHO principles: (1) cognitive drivers: availability bias, ambiguity aversion, relative risk bias, commission bias and loss aversion bias; (2) social and cultural drivers: patient pressure, social norms and blame culture and (3) environmental drivers: legal, insurance, medical and professional, and media. Cognitive biases were the most discussed drivers of fear of litigation, followed by legal environment and patient pressure.Conclusions Despite the lack of consensus on a definition or measurement, we found that fear of litigation as a driver for rising CS rates results from a complex interaction between cognitive, social and environmental drivers. Many of our findings were transferable across geographical and practice settings. Behavioural interventions that consider these drivers are crucial to address the fear of litigation as part of strategies to reduce CS.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 380
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Switching from one biologic to benralizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma

    Cristiano Caruso / Paolo Cameli / Elena Altieri / Maria Aliani / Pietro Bracciale / Luisa Brussino / Maria Filomena Caiaffa / Giorgio Walter Canonica / Stefano Centanni / Maria D’Amato / Stefano Del Giacco / Fausto De Michele / Elide Anna Pastorello / Girolamo Pelaia / Paola Rogliani / Micaela Romagnoli / Pietro Schino / Marco Caminati / Alessandra Vultaggio /
    Alessandro Zullo / Sara Rizzoli / Silvia Boarino / Gianfranco Vitiello / Francesco Menzella / Fabiano Di Marco

    Frontiers in Medicine, Vol

    An ANANKE study post hoc analysis

    2022  Volume 9

    Abstract: BackgroundSevere asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease driven by eosinophilic inflammation in the majority of cases. Despite biologic therapy patients may still be sub-optimally controlled, and the choice of the best biologic is a matter of ... ...

    Abstract BackgroundSevere asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease driven by eosinophilic inflammation in the majority of cases. Despite biologic therapy patients may still be sub-optimally controlled, and the choice of the best biologic is a matter of debate. Indeed, switching between biologics is common, but no official guidelines are available and real-world data are limited.Materials and methodsIn this post hoc analysis of the Italian, multi-center, observational, retrospective study, ANANKE. Patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with benralizumab were divided in two groups based on history of previous biologic therapy (biologic-experienced [suboptimal response] vs naïve). Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected in the 12 months prior to benralizumab treatment. Change over time in blood eosinophils, annualized exacerbation rate (AER), asthma control (ACT), lung function and oral corticosteroid (OCS) use following benralizumab initiation were collected in the two groups.ResultsA total of 147 biologic-naïve and 58 biologic-experienced (34 omalizumab, 19 mepolizumab, and 5 omalizumab-mepolizumab) patients were enrolled. Biologic-experienced patients were more likely to be atopic and have a higher AER despite more frequent OCS use. Similar reductions in AER (>90% in both groups), OCS use (≥49% reduction in dosage and ≥41% able to eliminate OCS), ACT improvement (≥7 points gained in 48 weeks) and lung function (≥300 mL of FEV1 improvement in 48 weeks) were observed after benralizumab introduction within the two groups. There were no registered discontinuations of benralizumab for safety reasons.ConclusionIn this post hoc analysis, patients who were switched to benralizumab because of suboptimal control with a previous biologic therapy were more likely to be atopic and more often treated with omalizumab. Benralizumab is effective in both naïve patients and those previously treated with a biologic.
    Keywords severe eosinophilic asthma ; switch ; benralizumab ; observational ; biologics ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Veneno de Latrodectus mactans de Chile (Araneae, Theridiidae)

    Fernando Romero M. / Elena Altieri M. / Mauricio Urrutia A. / Jorge Jara H.

    Revista de Biología Tropical, Vol 51, Iss 2, Pp 305-

    su efecto sobre músculo liso

    2003  Volume 312

    Abstract: El veneno de arañas del género Latrodectus induce contracción de músculo liso de mamíferos, postulándose como posible mecanismo la liberación de mediadores adrenérgicos y colinérgicos. El veneno de Latrodectus mactans de Chile contiene neurotoxinas que ... ...

    Abstract El veneno de arañas del género Latrodectus induce contracción de músculo liso de mamíferos, postulándose como posible mecanismo la liberación de mediadores adrenérgicos y colinérgicos. El veneno de Latrodectus mactans de Chile contiene neurotoxinas que inducen actividad contráctil en músculo liso en forma parcialmente independiente de actividades adrenérgicas y colinérgicas, lo que deja abiertas interrogantes sobre el mecanismo de acción del veneno. La respuesta tónica en músculo liso depende de la movilidad de los iones sodio (Na+ )y calcio (Ca2+) y, más es-pecíficamente, de la concentración de Ca2+ citoplasmático. Una de las vías de ingreso del calcio al músculo liso, además de los canales tipo L de Ca2+ , es el intercambiador Na+/Ca2+ . En el presente trabajo se estudia la posible participación de este intercambiador en la respuesta tónica inducida por el veneno sobre músculo liso del conducto deferente de rata, en un modelo de órgano aislado. Utilizando bloqueadores de canales de Na+ (amiloride) y Ca2+ (nifedipina) y una solución estimuladora del intercambiador (Tyrode pobre en sodio), se realizaron registros de tensión isométrica inducida por el veneno. Simultáneamente al uso de nifedipina, se registraron las variaciones de la [Ca2+] citoplasmática mediante microfluorimetría. Se observó que la inhibición de la contracción en presencia de amiloride depende de su concentración, mostrando una participación de los canales de Ca2+ dependientes de voltaje en la contracción. En presencia de nifedipina, la contracción inducida por el veneno sólo fue parcialmente inhibida, y la microfluorimetría mostró un aumento de la concentración de Ca2+ citoplasmático en presencia del bloqueador, lo que indica una participación de otros mecanismos para el ingreso de Ca2+ a la célula. Por último, al disminuir la concentración de Na+ extracelular se estimuló la contracción tónica en un 30.7%, atribuible, al menos en parte, al intercambiador Na+/Ca2+ . Estos resultados permiten proponer que el intercambiador Na+/Ca2+ se encuentra ...
    Keywords Latrodectus mactans ; spider venom ; smooth muscle ; calcium channels ; sodium /calcium exchanger ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Vicerractoría Investigación
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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