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Article ; Online: Moving beyond the historical quagmire of measuring infant mortality for the First Nations population in Canada.

Elias, Brenda

Social science & medicine (1982)

2014 Volume 123, Page(s) 125–132

Abstract: Infant mortality is a metric influenced by societal, political and medical advances. The way vital events are collected and reported are not always uniform. A lack of uniformity has disadvantaged some groups in society. In Canada, a multi-jurisdictional ... ...

Abstract	Infant mortality is a metric influenced by societal, political and medical advances. The way vital events are collected and reported are not always uniform. A lack of uniformity has disadvantaged some groups in society. In Canada, a multi-jurisdictional vital statistics system has truncated our ability to produce infant mortality rates for the Indigenous population. To understand how this evolved, this paper outlines the history of infant mortality, generally and internationally, and then documents the efforts to harmonize the collection and reporting of vital statistics (births and deaths) in Canada. Following this analysis is a historical review of vital event reporting for Canada's Indigenous population. A major finding of this paper is that racism, reframing, and jurisdictional posturing has limited our ability to accurately estimate live births and infant deaths for the Indigenous population. To improve Indigenous infant mortality estimation, Canada's governments need to transcend multijurisdictional challenges and fulfill international reporting obligations to Indigenous communities.
MeSH term(s)	Bias ; Canada/epidemiology ; Censuses/history ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Indians, North American/history ; Indians, North American/legislation & jurisprudence ; Indians, North American/statistics & numerical data ; Infant ; Infant Mortality/ethnology ; Infant Mortality/history ; Infant Mortality/trends ; Racism ; Vital Statistics
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	4766-1
ISSN	1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
ISSN (online)	1873-5347
ISSN	0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
DOI	10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.056
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Book ; Online: The health of Manitoba tribal nations

Elias, Brenda

adults 18 years and older, 2002 - 2003

2011

Institution	Centre for Aboriginal Health Research
Author's details	Brenda Elias ... Manitoba First Nations Centre for Aboriginal Health Research, University of Manitoba
Language	English
Size	Online-Ressource (73 S.), Ill., graph. Darst.
Publishing place	Winnipeg, Manitoba
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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Article ; Online: Tuberculosis elimination in Canada.

Basham, C Andrew / Elias, Brenda / Orr, Pamela

Lancet (London, England)

2019 Volume 394, Issue 10195, Page(s) 300–301

MeSH term(s)	Canada ; Humans ; Inuits ; Research ; Tuberculosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	3306-6
ISSN	1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
ISSN (online)	1474-547X
ISSN	0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
DOI	10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31122-5
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Article ; Online: Tuberculosis among northern Manitoba First Nations, 2008-2012: program performance on- and off-reserve.

Basham, C Andrew / Elias, Brenda / Fanning, Anne / Orr, Pamela

Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique

2019 Volume 110, Issue 6, Page(s) 688–696

Abstract: Objectives: The objectives of this study were to: (1) report tuberculosis (TB) program performance for northern First Nations in the province of Manitoba; (2) present methods for TB program performance measurement using routinely collected surveillance ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The objectives of this study were to: (1) report tuberculosis (TB) program performance for northern First Nations in the province of Manitoba; (2) present methods for TB program performance measurement using routinely collected surveillance data; and (3) advance dialogue on performance measurement of Canadian TB programs. Methods: Data on a retrospective cohort of people diagnosed with TB in Manitoba between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2010, and their contacts, were extracted from the Manitoba TB Registry. Performance measures based on US-CDC were analyzed. Adjusted probability ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported with comparisons between on-/off-reserve First Nations, adjusted for age, sex, and treatment history. Results: A cohort of n = 149 people diagnosed with TB and n = 3560 contacts were identified. Comparisons off-/on-reserve: Treatment completion (aPR = 1.03; 95% CI 0.995-1.07); early detection (aPR = 0.87; 95% CI 0.57-1.33); HIV testing and reporting (aPR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.21-0.83); pediatric TB (age < 15 years) (aPR = 1.20; 95% CI 0.47-3.06); retreatment for TB (aPR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.89-0.97); contact elicitation (aPR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.84-1.05); contact assessment (aPR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.50-0.94). Pediatric (ages < 15 years) TB incidence in northern Manitoba was 37.1 per 100,000/year. Conclusion: TB program performance varies depending on residence in a reserve or non-reserve community. Action is urgently needed to address TB program performance in terms of contact investigation and HIV testing/reporting for First Nations off-reserve and to address high rates of pediatric TB in northern Manitoba. First Nations collaboration and models of care should be considered both on- and off-reserve to improve TB program performance.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indians, North American/statistics & numerical data ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Manitoba/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Program Evaluation ; Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis/ethnology ; Tuberculosis/prevention & control ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	417262-0
ISSN	1920-7476 ; 0008-4263
ISSN (online)	1920-7476
ISSN	0008-4263
DOI	10.17269/s41997-019-00231-2
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Article ; Online: Spouses bereaved by suicide: A population-based longitudinal cohort comparison of physician-diagnosed mental disorders and hospitalized suicide attempts.

Spiwak, Rae / Elias, Brenda / Sareen, Jitender / Chartier, Mariette / Katz, Laurence Y / Bolton, James M

Journal of psychiatric research

2020 Volume 130, Page(s) 347–354

Abstract: Background: This study compares a longitudinal population-based sample of spouses bereaved by suicide and those bereaved by other sudden deaths to determine if suicide-bereaved spouses (SBS) experience greater rates of physician-diagnosed mental ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study compares a longitudinal population-based sample of spouses bereaved by suicide and those bereaved by other sudden deaths to determine if suicide-bereaved spouses (SBS) experience greater rates of physician-diagnosed mental disorders. Methods: First, married individuals whose spouse died by suicide, sudden natural death (SND) and unintentional injury (UI) were compared to non-bereaved matched cohorts to determine if there were differences in mental disorder rates between bereavement groups and non-bereaved matches. Second, SBS (n = 365), spouses bereaved by SND (n = 1000), and spouses bereaved by UI (n = 270), were compared using inverse probability treatment weighting and generalized estimating equations to calculate relative rates of mental disorders 5 years before/after death. Outcomes: All bereaved cohorts had higher rates of mental disorders compared to non-bereaved cohorts. SBS had the greatest rate of depression post-bereavement (50·96%), followed by UI (38·52%) and SND (33·70%) spouses. When comparing bereavement cohorts, a significant group-by-time interaction (P = 0·047) revealed the rate change for depression was significantly different between suicide and UI-bereaved spouses, with SBS having higher rates of depression before bereavement. SBS had increased rates of any mental disorder both pre (ARR = 1·35, 95% CI = 1·03-1·18, P<·05) and post spousal death (ARR = 1·24, 95% CI = 1·03-1·45, P<·05) when compared to UI spouses signifying pre-existing mental disorders. Post-bereavement, SBS had greater rates of depression only when compared to SND-bereaved spouses (ARR = 1·31, 95% CI = 1·10-1·55, P<·01). Interpretation: SBS have the greatest rates of depression and any mental disorder before the death of their spouse, suggesting suicide bereavement may be unique. Sudden spousal bereavement is a vulnerable time for mental disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Bereavement ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Physicians ; Spouses ; Suicide, Attempted
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3148-3
ISSN	1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
ISSN (online)	1879-1379
ISSN	0022-3956
DOI	10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.028
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Article ; Online: Translating to the Community (T2C): a protocol paper describing the development of Canada's first social epigenetic FASD biobank.

Elias, Brenda / Hanlon-Dearman, Ana / Head, Betty / Hicks, Geoffrey G

Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire

2018 Volume 96, Issue 2, Page(s) 275–287

Abstract: Translating to the Community (T2C) is a social biorepository designed to advance new diagnostic tools and realign community-clinical processes, with the aim to mitigate the short- and long-term impacts of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) as well as ...

Abstract	Translating to the Community (T2C) is a social biorepository designed to advance new diagnostic tools and realign community-clinical processes, with the aim to mitigate the short- and long-term impacts of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) as well as prenatal alcohol exposure and its co-morbidities and behaviors. In this paper, we describe the evolution of this repository as a new translational partnership to advance a precision-medicine approach to FASD. Key to its evolution was a partnership between academic researchers, Indigenous communities, families, and a regional diagnostic clinic. We further describe the rationale for social biobanking, the type of banking, ethical engagement of families, communities, and clinics, their roles in repository design, governance, translation, and research activities, types of data collected from families, and how the study data are managed, reported, and accessed. The repository design includes biological samples, social-contextual health-survey data, and clinical data (which are linkable to administrative data) from community and clinical cohorts of diagnosed children, children prenatally exposed but not diagnosed, children suspected to have had a prenatal exposure, and related siblings, biological parents, and unrelated children and their parents. From these cohorts and families, potential studies drawing on this data will shed light on various risk factors, social and biological pathways, and service utilization issues, with the aim to implement primary and secondary prevention and intervention strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Biological Specimen Banks/ethics ; Biological Specimen Banks/organization & administration ; Biological Specimen Banks/standards ; Canada ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ; Humans ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-15
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	54104-7
ISSN	1208-6002 ; 0829-8211
ISSN (online)	1208-6002
ISSN	0829-8211
DOI	10.1139/bcb-2017-0278
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Article ; Online: Prevalence and Incidence of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Canadian First Nations and Non-First Nations People: A Population-Based Study.

Hitchon, Carol A / Khan, Sazzadul / Elias, Brenda / Lix, Lisa M / Peschken, Christine A

Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases

2019 Volume 26, Issue 5, Page(s) 169–175

Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, incidence, and onset age at rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis in First Nations (FN) and non-FN populations in Manitoba, Canada.: Methods: Population-based administrative health ... ...

Abstract	Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, incidence, and onset age at rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis in First Nations (FN) and non-FN populations in Manitoba, Canada. Methods: Population-based administrative health records from April 1, 1995, to March 31, 2010, were accessed for all Manitobans. The FN population was identified using the Federal Indian Registry File. Crude and adjusted RA prevalence and incidence rates (adjusted for age, sex, health region of residence) were compared using Poisson regression and reported as relative rates (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Mean (CI) diagnosis age and physician visits were compared with Student t tests. Results: Rheumatoid arthritis crude prevalence increased between 2000 and 2010 to 0.65%; adjusted RA prevalence in females was 1.0% and in males was 0.53%. The 2009/2010 adjusted RA prevalence was higher in FN than non-FN (RR, 2.55; CI, 2.08-3.12) particularly for ages 29 to 48 years (RR, 4.52; CI, 2.71-7.56). Between 2000 and 2010, crude RA incidence decreased from 46.7/100,000 to 13.4/100,000. Adjusted RA incidence remained higher in FN than non-FN (2000-2010 RR, 2.1; CI, 1.7-2.6; p < 0.0001) particularly for ages 29 to 48 years (RR, 4.6; CI, 2.8-7.4; p < 0.0001). The FN population was younger at diagnosis than the non-FN population (mean age, 39.6 years [CI, 38.3-40.8 years] vs. 53.3 years [CI, 52.7-53.9 years]; p < 0.0001). The FN population had more physician visits but fewer rheumatology visits than the non-FN population. Conclusions: Rheumatoid arthritis prevalence is increasing, and RA incidence is decreasing in Manitoba. The FN population has a greater prevalence and incidence of RA and is younger at diagnosis than the non-FN population. When combined with fewer rheumatology visits, this significant care gap highlights the need to optimize rheumatology care delivery to the FN population.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology ; Canada/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Manitoba/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1283266-2
ISSN	1536-7355 ; 1076-1608
ISSN (online)	1536-7355
ISSN	1076-1608
DOI	10.1097/RHU.0000000000001006
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Article ; Online: One little, too little: Counting Canada's indigenous people for improved health reporting.

Elias, Brenda / Busby, Karen / Martens, Pat

Social science & medicine (1982)

2015 Volume 138, Page(s) 179–186

Abstract: The way state governments, worldwide, count or do not count Indigenous peoples has contributed to inconsistent reporting of Indigenous health statistics. To address unreliable reporting in Canada, we reviewed laws on Indian status and the development of ... ...

Abstract	The way state governments, worldwide, count or do not count Indigenous peoples has contributed to inconsistent reporting of Indigenous health statistics. To address unreliable reporting in Canada, we reviewed laws on Indian status and the development of a national Indian Registration System (IRS) to track Indian status and eligibility. With this information as a guide, we linked the IRS to the Manitoba provincial health registry systems and were able to identify individuals with Indian status for health reporting. To improve reporting, we identified individuals often missed in this type of linkage. For instance, we identified children and adult children who were eligible for Indian status but not yet registered. Equally as important, we identified individuals not eligible for Indian status but have Indian heritage and/or represent potential individual Indian status eligibility cases before the courts to right a historic form of identity sex discrimination that has made them invisible in Canadian society and health reporting. A familial kinship approach was used to identify Indian children and adult children typically missed when a strict legal entitlement criteria is used for data linkage. Our reflective socio-legal data linkage approach expanded the number of Indian peoples for health reporting purposes and demonstrated a feasible, inclusive way to report on the health of Indians in Canada.
MeSH term(s)	Databases, Factual ; Health Services, Indigenous ; Humans ; Indians, North American/classification ; Indians, North American/statistics & numerical data ; Manitoba ; Medical Record Linkage/methods ; Registries
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	4766-1
ISSN	1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
ISSN (online)	1873-5347
ISSN	0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
DOI	10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.06.014
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Article ; Online: Examining the Impact of First Nations Status on the Relationship Between Diabetes and Cancer.

Decker, Kathleen M / Lambert, Pascal / Demers, Alain / Kliewer, Erich V / Musto, Grace / Biswanger, Natalie / Elias, Brenda / Turner, Donna

Health equity

2020 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 211–217

Abstract: Purpose: ...

Abstract	Purpose:
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2473-1242
ISSN (online)	2473-1242
DOI	10.1089/heq.2019.0121
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Article ; Online: Creating a Canadian Indigenous Research Network Against Cancer to Address Indigenous Cancer Disparities.

Letendre, Angeline / Garvey, Gail / King, Alexandra / King, Malcolm / Crowshoe, Reg / Bill, Lea / Caron, Nadine R / Elias, Brenda

JCO global oncology

2020 Volume 6, Page(s) 92–98

Abstract: Purpose: In Canada, indigenous peoples' cancer rates have increased, but cancer screening rates tend to be lower. When coupled with poor cancer prognosis, treatment barriers, and inaccessible health care, indigenous patients with cancer experience many ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: In Canada, indigenous peoples' cancer rates have increased, but cancer screening rates tend to be lower. When coupled with poor cancer prognosis, treatment barriers, and inaccessible health care, indigenous patients with cancer experience many unmet needs. Further complicating their journey is a multijurisdictional system that complicates cancer control services, treatments, patient supports, and cancer surveillance. To address these issues, the Canadian Indigenous Research Network Against Cancer (CIRNAC) was developed. This article describes the forerunners and consultative process that created the network and the consensus model developed to ground this network with, by, and for indigenous peoples. Methods: A consultative workshop was held to (1) establish and increase network membership, (2) enhance partnerships with indigenous communities and other researchers, and (3) develop an indigenous-led research program, new funding, and related initiatives. Results: Participants viewed the CIRNAC as a reflective parallel network led by indigenous peoples that would identify research priorities within Canada, assess how these priorities align with indigenous patients' cancer care and research needs, and cross-check to see if these priorities align with each other. The network would also advocate for indigenous elders/knowledge holders and community grassroot processes to drive research and training, thus demonstrating the power of the community voice and lived experience in research. In addition, the network would foster research partnerships to investigate alternative indigenous models for cancer prevention, care, treatment, and support. Conclusion: The CIRNAC evolved as a viable vehicle to address cancer with, for, and by indigenous peoples. The network is guided by a preamble, a set of aims, and an inclusion engagement circle model. It is evolving through major world initiatives, with the aim of formally becoming an internationally linked national network.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Canada ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Services, Indigenous ; Humans ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Population Groups
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2687-8941
ISSN (online)	2687-8941
DOI	10.1200/JGO.19.00049
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