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  1. Article ; Online: Obscured inequity

    Elizabeth M. Anderson

    PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

    How focusing on rates of disparities can conceal inequities in the reasons why adolescents are unvaccinated

    2023  Volume 11

    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: By Default

    Jessica McCrory Calarco / Emily Meanwell / Elizabeth M. Anderson / Amelia S. Knopf

    Socius, Vol

    How Mothers in Different-Sex Dual-Earner Couples Account for Inequalities in Pandemic Parenting

    2021  Volume 7

    Abstract: Mothers did a disproportionate share of the child care during the COVID-19 pandemic—an arrangement that negatively impacted their careers, relationships, and well-being. How did mothers account for these unequal roles? Through interviews and surveys with ...

    Abstract Mothers did a disproportionate share of the child care during the COVID-19 pandemic—an arrangement that negatively impacted their careers, relationships, and well-being. How did mothers account for these unequal roles? Through interviews and surveys with 55 mothers (and 14 fathers) in different-sex, prepandemic dual-earner couples, we found that mothers (and fathers) justified unequal parenting arrangements based on gendered structural and cultural conditions that made mothers’ disproportionate labor seem “practical” and “natural.” These justifications allowed couples to rely on mothers by default rather than through active negotiation. As a result, many mothers did not feel entitled to seek support with child care from fathers or nonparental caregivers and experienced guilt if they did so. These findings help explain why many mothers have not reentered the workforce, why fathers’ involvement at home waned as the pandemic progressed, and why the pandemic led to growing preferences for inegalitarian divisions of domestic and paid labor.
    Keywords Social Sciences ; H ; Sociology (General) ; HM401-1281
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SAGE Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Willing but unable

    Elizabeth M. Anderson / Sarah K. Cowan / Jenny A. Higgins / Nicholas B. Schmuhl / Cynthie K. Wautlet

    SSM: Population Health, Vol 17, Iss , Pp 101002- (2022)

    Physicians' referral knowledge as barriers to abortion care

    2022  

    Abstract: Abortion care is a crucial part of reproductive healthcare. Nevertheless, its availability is constrained by numerous forces, including care referrals within the larger healthcare system. Using a unique study of physician faculty across multiple ... ...

    Abstract Abortion care is a crucial part of reproductive healthcare. Nevertheless, its availability is constrained by numerous forces, including care referrals within the larger healthcare system. Using a unique study of physician faculty across multiple specialties, we examine the factors associated with doctors' ability to refer patients for abortion care among those who were willing to consult in the care of a patient seeking an abortion (N = 674). Even though they were willing to refer a patient for an abortion, half (53%) of the physicians did not know how and whom to make those referrals, though they care for patients who may need them. Those with the least referral knowledge had not been taught abortion care during their medical training and were in earlier stages of their career than those who had more knowledge. This research exposes another obstacle for those seeking an abortion, a barrier that would be overcome with a clear and robust referral system within and across medical specialties.
    Keywords Abortion ; Abortion referral ; Barriers ; Physicians ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 170
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Health care worker seromonitoring reveals complex relationships between common coronavirus antibodies and COVID-19 symptom duration

    Sigrid Gouma / Madison E. Weirick / Marcus J. Bolton / Claudia P. Arevalo / Eileen C. Goodwin / Elizabeth M. Anderson / Christopher M. McAllister / Shannon R. Christensen / Debora Dunbar / Danielle Fiore / Amanda Brock / JoEllen Weaver / John Millar / Stephanie DerOhannessian / The UPenn COVID Processing Unit / Ian Frank / Daniel J. Rader / E. John Wherry / Scott E. Hensley

    JCI Insight, Vol 6, Iss

    2021  Volume 16

    Abstract: Some studies suggest that recent common coronavirus (CCV) infections are associated with reduced COVID-19 severity upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. We completed serological assays using samples collected from health care workers to identify antibody types ... ...

    Abstract Some studies suggest that recent common coronavirus (CCV) infections are associated with reduced COVID-19 severity upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. We completed serological assays using samples collected from health care workers to identify antibody types associated with SARS-CoV-2 protection and COVID-19 symptom duration. Rare SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive antibodies elicited by past CCV infections were not associated with protection; however, the duration of symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infections was significantly reduced in individuals with higher common betacoronavirus (βCoV) antibody titers. Since antibody titers decline over time after CCV infections, individuals in our cohort with higher βCoV antibody titers were more likely recently infected with common βCoVs compared with individuals with lower antibody titers. Therefore, our data suggest that recent βCoV infections potentially limit the duration of symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infections through mechanisms that do not involve cross-reactive antibodies. Our data are consistent with the emerging hypothesis that cellular immune responses elicited by recent common βCoV infections transiently reduce symptom duration following SARS-CoV-2 infections.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; Immunology ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher American Society for Clinical investigation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Functional analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana MUTE promoter reveals a regulatory region sufficient for stomatal-lineage expression

    Mahoney, Aaron K / Anthony F. Williams / Elizabeth M. Anderson / Jake J. Flood / Katrina C. Sullivan / Lynn J. Pillitteri / Rachael A. Bakker

    Planta. 2016 Apr., v. 243, no. 4

    2016  

    Abstract: MAIN CONCLUSION : The MUTE promoter contains a 175-bp region rich in Dof regulatory elements (AAAG) that is necessary and sufficient for initiation of transcription in meristemoids and the stomatal lineage. The molecular mechanism underlying the decision ...

    Abstract MAIN CONCLUSION : The MUTE promoter contains a 175-bp region rich in Dof regulatory elements (AAAG) that is necessary and sufficient for initiation of transcription in meristemoids and the stomatal lineage. The molecular mechanism underlying the decision to divide or differentiate is a central question in developmental biology. During stomatal development, expression of the master regulator MUTE triggers the differentiation of meristemoids into stomata. In this study, we carried out MUTE promoter deletion analysis to define a regulatory region that promotes the initiation of expression in meristemoids. Expression constructs with truncated promoter fragments fused to β-glucuronidase (GUS) were developed. The full-length promoter and promoter truncations of at least 500 bp from the translational start site exhibited normal spatiotemporal expression patterns. Further truncation revealed a 175-bp promoter fragment that was necessary and sufficient for stomatal-lineage expression. Known cis-elements were identified and tested for functional relevance. Comparison of orthologous MUTE promoters suggested DNA binding with one finger (Dof) regulatory elements and novel motifs may be important for regulation. Our data highlight the complexity and combinatorial control of gene regulation and provides tools to further investigate the genetic control of stomatal development.
    Keywords Arabidopsis thaliana ; beta-glucuronidase ; DNA ; genes ; regulatory sequences ; stomata ; translation (genetics)
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-04
    Size p. 987-998.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 208909-9
    ISSN 1432-2048 ; 0032-0935 ; 1866-2749
    ISSN (online) 1432-2048
    ISSN 0032-0935 ; 1866-2749
    DOI 10.1007/s00425-015-2445-7
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Lack of detectable HIV-1 molecular evolution during suppressive antiretroviral therapy.

    Mary F Kearney / Jonathan Spindler / Wei Shao / Sloane Yu / Elizabeth M Anderson / Angeline O'Shea / Catherine Rehm / Carry Poethke / Nicholas Kovacs / John W Mellors / John M Coffin / Frank Maldarelli

    PLoS Pathogens, Vol 10, Iss 3, p e

    2014  Volume 1004010

    Abstract: A better understanding of changes in HIV-1 population genetics with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is critical for designing eradication strategies. We therefore analyzed HIV-1 genetic variation and divergence in patients' plasma before cART, ... ...

    Abstract A better understanding of changes in HIV-1 population genetics with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is critical for designing eradication strategies. We therefore analyzed HIV-1 genetic variation and divergence in patients' plasma before cART, during suppression on cART, and after viral rebound. Single-genome sequences of plasma HIV-1 RNA were obtained from HIV-1 infected patients prior to cART (N = 14), during suppression on cART (N = 14) and/or after viral rebound following interruption of cART (N = 5). Intra-patient population diversity was measured by average pairwise difference (APD). Population structure was assessed by phylogenetic analyses and a test for panmixia. Measurements of intra-population diversity revealed no significant loss of overall genetic variation in patients treated for up to 15 years with cART. A test for panmixia, however, showed significant changes in population structure in 2/10 patients after short-term cART (<1 year) and in 7/10 patients after long-term cART (1-15 years). The changes consisted of diverse sets of viral variants prior to cART shifting to populations containing one or more genetically uniform subpopulations during cART. Despite these significant changes in population structure, rebound virus after long-term cART had little divergence from pretherapy virus, implicating long-lived cells infected before cART as the source for rebound virus. The appearance of genetically uniform virus populations and the lack of divergence after prolonged cART and cART interruption provide strong evidence that HIV-1 persists in long-lived cells infected before cART was initiated, that some of these infected cells may be capable of proliferation, and that on-going cycles of viral replication are not evident.
    Keywords Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Multiple sources of contamination in samples from patients reported to have XMRV infection.

    Mary F Kearney / Jonathan Spindler / Ann Wiegand / Wei Shao / Elizabeth M Anderson / Frank Maldarelli / Francis W Ruscetti / John W Mellors / Steve H Hughes / Stuart F J Le Grice / John M Coffin

    PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 2, p e

    2012  Volume 30889

    Abstract: Xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related retrovirus (XMRV) was reported to be associated with prostate cancer by Urisman, et al. in 2006 and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) by Lombardi, et al. in 2009. To investigate this association, we ... ...

    Abstract Xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related retrovirus (XMRV) was reported to be associated with prostate cancer by Urisman, et al. in 2006 and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) by Lombardi, et al. in 2009. To investigate this association, we independently evaluated plasma samples from 4 patients with CFS reported by Lombardi, et al. to have XMRV infection and from 5 healthy controls reported to be XMRV uninfected. We also analyzed viral sequences obtained from supernatants of cell cultures found to contain XMRV after coculture with 9 clinical samples from 8 patients. A qPCR assay capable of distinguishing XMRV from endogenous MLVs showed that the viral sequences detected in the CFS patient plasma behaved like endogenous MLVs and not XMRV. Single-genome sequences (N = 89) from CFS patient plasma were indistinguishable from endogenous MLVs found in the mouse genome that are distinct from XMRV. By contrast, XMRV sequences were detected by qPCR in 2 of the 5 plasma samples from healthy controls (sequencing of the qPCR product confirmed XMRV not MLV). Single-genome sequences (N = 234) from the 9 culture supernatants reportedly positive for XMRV were indistinguishable from XMRV sequences obtained from 22Rv1 and XMRV-contaminated 293T cell-lines. These results indicate that MLV DNA detected in the plasma samples from CFS patients evaluated in this study was from contaminating mouse genomic DNA and that XMRV detected in plasma samples from healthy controls and in cultures of patient samples was due to cross-contamination with XMRV (virus or nucleic acid).
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: HIV-1 persistence following extremely early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute HIV-1 infection

    Timothy J Henrich / Hiroyu Hatano / Oliver Bacon / Louise E Hogan / Rachel Rutishauser / Alison Hill / Mary F Kearney / Elizabeth M Anderson / Susan P Buchbinder / Stephanie E Cohen / Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen / Christopher W Pohlmeyer / Remi Fromentin / Rebecca Hoh / Albert Y Liu / Joseph M McCune / Jonathan Spindler / Kelly Metcalf-Pate / Kristen S Hobbs /
    Cassandra Thanh / Erica A Gibson / Daniel R Kuritzkes / Robert F Siliciano / Richard W Price / Douglas D Richman / Nicolas Chomont / Janet D Siliciano / John W Mellors / Steven A Yukl / Joel N Blankson / Teri Liegler / Steven G Deeks

    PLoS Medicine, Vol 14, Iss 11, p e

    An observational study.

    2017  Volume 1002417

    Abstract: Background It is unknown if extremely early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may lead to long-term ART-free HIV remission or cure. As a result, we studied 2 individuals recruited from a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) program who started ... ...

    Abstract Background It is unknown if extremely early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may lead to long-term ART-free HIV remission or cure. As a result, we studied 2 individuals recruited from a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) program who started prophylactic ART an estimated 10 days (Participant A; 54-year-old male) and 12 days (Participant B; 31-year-old male) after infection with peak plasma HIV RNA of 220 copies/mL and 3,343 copies/mL, respectively. Extensive testing of blood and tissue for HIV persistence was performed, and PrEP Participant A underwent analytical treatment interruption (ATI) following 32 weeks of continuous ART. Methods and findings Colorectal and lymph node tissues, bone marrow, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), plasma, and very large numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained longitudinally from both participants and were studied for HIV persistence in several laboratories using molecular and culture-based detection methods, including a murine viral outgrowth assay (mVOA). Both participants initiated PrEP with tenofovir/emtricitabine during very early Fiebig stage I (detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA, antibody negative) followed by 4-drug ART intensification. Following peak viral loads, both participants experienced full suppression of HIV-1 plasma viremia. Over the following 2 years, no further HIV could be detected in blood or tissue from PrEP Participant A despite extensive sampling from ileum, rectum, lymph nodes, bone marrow, CSF, circulating CD4+ T cell subsets, and plasma. No HIV was detected from tissues obtained from PrEP Participant B, but low-level HIV RNA or DNA was intermittently detected from various CD4+ T cell subsets. Over 500 million CD4+ T cells were assayed from both participants in a humanized mouse outgrowth assay. Three of 8 mice infused with CD4+ T cells from PrEP Participant B developed viremia (50 million input cells/surviving mouse), but only 1 of 10 mice infused with CD4+ T cells from PrEP Participant A (53 million input cells/mouse) experienced ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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