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  1. Article ; Online: COVID-19 en Chile: análisis de su impacto por olas y regiones.

    Ayala, Andrés / Dintrans, Pablo Villalobos / Elorrieta, Felipe / Maddaleno, Matilde / Vargas, Claudio / Iturriaga, Andrés

    Revista medica de Chile

    2024  Volume 151, Issue 3, Page(s) 269–279

    Abstract: Background: The effects of COVID-19 in Chile changed over time and among regions.: Aim: To identify patterns in the impact and evolution of COVID-19 for each wave generated between 2020 and 2022 at the 16 regions of the country.: Material and ... ...

    Title translation The impact of the different waves of COVID-19 pandemic in Chile across regions.
    Abstract Background: The effects of COVID-19 in Chile changed over time and among regions.
    Aim: To identify patterns in the impact and evolution of COVID-19 for each wave generated between 2020 and 2022 at the 16 regions of the country.
    Material and methods: Several indicators related to the pandemic, their evolution and their consequences for the health system and the health of the population were calculated.
    Results: There are differences in the evolution of the infection across the regions of the country, as well as heterogeneity between waves. Specifically, the second wave in Chile was identified as the one with the greatest impact, with a national death rate of 123.5 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants and 66.4% intensive care unit occupancy rate due to COVID-19. Performing a geographic analysis, it was possible to find systematic patterns, for example, between regions with higher immunization rates and lower rates of lethality, such as the cases of Ñuble and Atacama regions.
    Conclusions: These results emphasize the need to consider regional differences and the temporal context for the elaboration of strategies to the efficient management of a pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; Chile/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Intensive Care Units ; Research Design
    Language Spanish
    Publishing date 2024-01-31
    Publishing country Chile
    Document type English Abstract ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 732136-3
    ISSN 0717-6163 ; 0034-9887
    ISSN (online) 0717-6163
    ISSN 0034-9887
    DOI 10.4067/s0034-98872023000300269
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  2. Article ; Online: Inequity in mortality rates and potential years of life lost caused by COVID-19 in the Greater Santiago, Chile.

    Ayala, Andrés / Vargas, Claudio / Elorrieta, Felipe / Villalobos Dintrans, Pablo / Maddaleno, Matilde

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 16293

    Abstract: Several studies have shown that, in Chile, income inequality is relevant in explaining health inequities. The COVID-19 pandemic has also had a negative impact, with higher mortality rates in those municipalities of Greater Santiago with lower ... ...

    Abstract Several studies have shown that, in Chile, income inequality is relevant in explaining health inequities. The COVID-19 pandemic has also had a negative impact, with higher mortality rates in those municipalities of Greater Santiago with lower socioeconomic status. We study inequity in mortality based on Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) in 34 urban municipalities of the Metropolitan Region (Greater Santiago) and analyze its evolution between 2018 and 2021 and by COVID-19 waves. To compare the results obtained for PYLL, we also computed the mortality rates adjusted by direct standardization. In addition, we used the concentration index (CI) to measure the health inequalities between municipalities. In the first year of the pandemic, the absolute PYLL and the standardized mortality rate for all causes of death showed an increase of 13.6% and 18.9%, respectively. Moreover, 409,086 years of life were prematurely lost in 2020, one-fifth of them due to COVID-19. The concentration indices confirm inequality in both mortality rates and PYLL, where it is more pronounced when calculating the latter measure. Results show that the deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic affected the most economically disadvantaged municipalities, and particularly young people in those places.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adolescent ; Chile/epidemiology ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Income ; Social Class
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-43531-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Book ; Online: Online estimation methods for irregular autoregressive models

    Elorrieta, Felipe / Osses, Lucas / Cáceres, Matias / Eyheramendy, Susana / Palma, Wilfredo

    2023  

    Abstract: In the last decades, due to the huge technological growth observed, it has become increasingly common that a collection of temporal data rapidly accumulates in vast amounts. This provides an opportunity for extracting valuable information through the ... ...

    Abstract In the last decades, due to the huge technological growth observed, it has become increasingly common that a collection of temporal data rapidly accumulates in vast amounts. This provides an opportunity for extracting valuable information through the estimation of increasingly precise models. But at the same time it imposes the challenge of continuously updating the models as new data become available. Currently available methods for addressing this problem, the so-called online learning methods, use current parameter estimations and novel data to update the estimators. These approaches avoid using the full raw data and speeding up the computations. In this work we consider three online learning algorithms for parameters estimation in the context of time series models. In particular, the methods implemented are: gradient descent, Newton-step and Kalman filter recursions. These algorithms are applied to the recently developed irregularly observed autoregressive (iAR) model. The estimation accuracy of the proposed methods is assessed by means of Monte Carlo experiments. The results obtained show that the proposed online estimation methods allow for a precise estimation of the parameters that generate the data both for the regularly and irregularly observed time series. These online approaches are numerically efficient, allowing substantial computational time savings. Moreover, we show that the proposed methods are able to adapt the parameter estimates quickly when the time series behavior changes, unlike batch estimation methods.

    Comment: Accepted paper to Contributions to Statistics, Springer (ITISE 2022). 16 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Mathematics - Statistics Theory
    Subject code 310
    Publishing date 2023-01-31
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Identification of COVID-19 Waves: Considerations for Research and Policy.

    Ayala, Andrés / Villalobos Dintrans, Pablo / Elorrieta, Felipe / Castillo, Claudio / Vargas, Claudio / Maddaleno, Matilde

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2021  Volume 18, Issue 21

    Abstract: The identification of COVID-19 waves is a matter of the utmost importance, both for research and decision making. This study uses COVID-19 information from the 52 municipalities of the Metropolitan Region, Chile, and presents a quantitative method-based ... ...

    Abstract The identification of COVID-19 waves is a matter of the utmost importance, both for research and decision making. This study uses COVID-19 information from the 52 municipalities of the Metropolitan Region, Chile, and presents a quantitative method-based on weekly accumulated incidence rates-to define COVID-19 waves. We explore three different criteria to define the duration of a wave, and performed a sensitivity analysis using multivariate linear models to show their commonalities and differences. The results show that, compared to a benchmark definition (a 100-day wave), the estimations using longer periods of study are worse in terms of the model's overall fit (adjusted R
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Cities ; Humans ; Policy ; Policy Making ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph182111058
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Factors associated with change in adherence to COVID-19 personal protection measures in the Metropolitan Region, Chile.

    Varas, Simón / Elorrieta, Felipe / Vargas, Claudio / Villalobos Dintrans, Pablo / Castillo, Claudio / Martinez, Yerko / Ayala, Andrés / Maddaleno, Matilde

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) e0267413

    Abstract: Personal protective measures such use of face masks, hand washing and physical distancing have proven to be effective in controlling the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. However, adherence to these measures may have been relaxed over time. The objective ... ...

    Abstract Personal protective measures such use of face masks, hand washing and physical distancing have proven to be effective in controlling the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. However, adherence to these measures may have been relaxed over time. The objective of this work is to assess the change in adherence to these measures and to find factors that explain the change For this purpose, we conducted a survey in the Metropolitan Region of Chile in which we asked the adherence to these measures in August-September 2021 and retrospectively for 2020. With the answers obtained we fit a logistic regression model in which the response variable is the relaxation of each of the self-care preventive actions. The explanatory variables used are socio-demographic characteristics such as the age, sex, income, and vaccination status of the respondents. The results obtained show that there has been a significant decrease in adherence to the three personal protection measures in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. In addition, it was observed that younger people are more likely to relax these measures. The results show the importance of generating new incentives for maintaining adherence to personal protection measures.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Chile/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0267413
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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