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Article: Discrimination Power of Short Essay Questions Versus Multiple Choice Questions as an Assessment Tool in Clinical Biochemistry.

Eldakhakhny, Basmah / Elsamanoudy, Ayman Z

2023 Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) e35427

Abstract: Assessment is fundamental to the educational process. Multiple choice questions (MCQs) and short essay questions (SEQs) are the most widely used assessment method in medical school. The current study evaluated the discriminating value of SEQs compared to ...

Abstract	Assessment is fundamental to the educational process. Multiple choice questions (MCQs) and short essay questions (SEQs) are the most widely used assessment method in medical school. The current study evaluated the discriminating value of SEQs compared to MCQs as assessment tools in clinical biochemistry and correlated undergraduate students' SEQ scores with their overall scores during the academic years 2021-2022 and 2022-2023. This is a descriptive-analytical study in which MCQ and SEQ papers of clinical biochemistry were analyzed. The mean score for SEQs in males was 66.7 ± 1.2 and for females it was 64.0 ± 1.1 SEM, with a p-value of 0.09; for MCQs, the mean score for males was 68.5 ± 0.9 SEM and for females it was 72.6 ± 0.8. When analyzing the difficulty index (DI) and discrimination factor (DF) of the questions, MCQs have a mean DI of 0.70 ± 0.01,and DF of 0.05 to 0.6. SEQs have a mean DI of 0.73 ± 0.03 and DF of 0.68 ± 0.01; there was a significant difference between the DF of MCQs and SEQs (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, there was a significant difference between SEQs and MCQs when categorizing students based on their scores, except for A-scored students. According to the current study, SEQs have a higher discriminating ability than MCQs and help differentiate high-achieving students from low-achieving students.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.35427
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Article: Insulin Resistance and Hypertension: Mechanisms Involved and Modifying Factors for Effective Glucose Control.

Sakr, Hussein F / Sirasanagandla, Srinivasa Rao / Das, Srijit / Bima, Abdulhadi I / Elsamanoudy, Ayman Z

Biomedicines

2023 Volume 11, Issue 8

Abstract: Factors such as aging, an unhealthy lifestyle with decreased physical activity, snacking, a standard Western diet, and smoking contribute to raising blood pressure to a dangerous level, increasing the risk of coronary artery disease and heart failure. ... ...

Abstract	Factors such as aging, an unhealthy lifestyle with decreased physical activity, snacking, a standard Western diet, and smoking contribute to raising blood pressure to a dangerous level, increasing the risk of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Atherosclerosis, or aging of the blood vessels, is a physiological process that has accelerated in the last decades by the overconsumption of carbohydrates as the primary sources of caloric intake, resulting in increased triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol and insulin spikes. Classically, medications ranging from beta blockers to angiotensin II blockers and even calcium channel blockers were used alone or in combination with lifestyle modifications as management tools in modern medicine to control arterial blood pressure. However, it is not easy to control blood pressure or the associated complications. A low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet can reduce glucose and insulin spikes, improve insulin sensitivity, and lessen atherosclerosis risk factors. We reviewed articles describing the etiology of insulin resistance (IR) and its impact on arterial blood pressure from databases including PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar. We discuss how the LCHF diet is beneficial to maintaining arterial blood pressure at normal levels, slowing down the progression of atherosclerosis, and reducing the use of antihypertensive medications. The mechanisms involved in IR associated with hypertension are also highlighted.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2720867-9
ISSN	2227-9059
ISSN	2227-9059
DOI	10.3390/biomedicines11082271
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Article ; Online: An Overview of the Perspective of Cellular Autophagy: Mechanism, Regulation, and the Role of Autophagy Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Diseases.

Alharbi, Yasser M / Bima, Abdulhadi I / Elsamanoudy, Ayman Z

Journal of microscopy and ultrastructure

2021 Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 47–54

Abstract: Autophagy is a cellular process that eliminates unnecessary cytoplasmic materials, such as long-age proteins, destroyed organelles, and foreign microorganisms. Macroautophagy (MaA), chaperone-mediated autophagy, and microautophagy are the three main ... ...

Abstract	Autophagy is a cellular process that eliminates unnecessary cytoplasmic materials, such as long-age proteins, destroyed organelles, and foreign microorganisms. Macroautophagy (MaA), chaperone-mediated autophagy, and microautophagy are the three main types of autophagy. It is regulated by the integration of signaling from the AMPK and mTOR-ULK1 pathways. Autophagy plays a physiological role in health, and its dysregulation could be a pathophysiologic mechanism in different disease conditions. In the current study, we reviewed papers of Google Scholar database, PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, and MedlinePlus with no time limitation and a recent World Health Organization report. In the current review, it could be concluded that autophagy plays many physiological functions, including immune system modulation, and regulates different cellular processes such as metabolism, protein synthesis, and cellular transportation. Dysregulation of autophagy is implicated in tumorigenesis, aging, age-related neurodegeneration, and endothelial dysfunctions. Autophagy dysregulation is also implicated in the newly discovered CoV-COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-09
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2213-8803
ISSN (online)	2213-8803
DOI	10.4103/JMAU.JMAU_33_20
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Article ; Online: MTHFR C677T Polymorphism and Serum Homocysteine Level as Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia: A Case Control Study.

Saafan, Fawzia A / Elsamanoudy, Ayman Z / Shaalan, Dalia / Zeidan, Nanees / Gaballah, Mohammad A

The American journal of the medical sciences

2021 Volume 362, Issue 4, Page(s) 375–380

Abstract: Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is associated with a risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), although the causes underlying this association are not clear. Serum homocysteine (SH) is a known risk factor for CHD, and methylene tetrahydrofolate ... ...

Abstract	Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is associated with a risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), although the causes underlying this association are not clear. Serum homocysteine (SH) is a known risk factor for CHD, and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme (MTHFR) plays a crucial role in the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. The polymorphism C677T that affects the catalytic domain of the MTHFR protein leads to a high levels of SH. Our hypothesis was that this polymorphism and SH level are risk factors for CHD in patients with AGA. Materials and methods: A total of 106 patients with AGA and 100 well-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. SH levels were estimated. DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction amplification, followed by restriction enzyme digestion for MTHFR (C677T) gene, was conducted. Results: SH levels were significantly higher in the patient group and highest in those with the TT genotype. The mutant T allele was associated with hyperhomocysteinemia and an increased risk of CHD in patients with AGA. Conclusions: AGA is associated with a higher risk of developing CHD due to the associated higher level of SH that, in turn, depends on and is correlated with mutant MTHFR genotypes. Cardiac evaluation and follow-up of patients with AGA is recommended for early detection and treatment of CHD to avoid an overall detrimental course.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Alopecia/complications ; Case-Control Studies ; Coronary Disease/complications ; Coronary Disease/epidemiology ; Coronary Disease/genetics ; Female ; Homocysteine/blood ; Humans ; Male ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)/genetics ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Serum/chemistry ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Homocysteine (0LVT1QZ0BA) ; MTHFR protein, human (EC 1.5.1.20) ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) (EC 1.5.1.20)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	82078-7
ISSN	1538-2990 ; 0002-9629
ISSN (online)	1538-2990
ISSN	0002-9629
DOI	10.1016/j.amjms.2021.06.013
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Ua VI Zs.2/10: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Methylation degree of metalloproteinase inhibitor RECK gene: Links to RECK protein level and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic HCV infection patients.

Abo El-Khair, Salwa M / Elalfy, Hatem / Diasty, Muhammad / Ebrahim, Eman E / Elsamanoudy, Ayman Z

Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology

2021 Volume 35, Issue 10, Page(s) e22886

Abstract: The RECK gene, a tumor suppressor gene, inhibits angiogenesis, invasion, and tumor metastasis. Epigenetic regulation of the RECK gene constitutes a potent approach to the molecular basis of liver malignancy. This study aims to evaluate the promoter ... ...

Abstract	The RECK gene, a tumor suppressor gene, inhibits angiogenesis, invasion, and tumor metastasis. Epigenetic regulation of the RECK gene constitutes a potent approach to the molecular basis of liver malignancy. This study aims to evaluate the promoter methylation status of the RECK gene and its serum level in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the potential association of RECK gene methylation with clinical criteria of HCC. One hundred and fifty-five subjects were included (healthy control [55], chronic HCV patients [55], HCV-related HCC patients [45]). The methylation status of the RECK gene promoter and serum RECK level were investigated by methylation-specific PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques, respectively. RECK gene promoter hypermethylation was recorded in 46.7% of HCC patients, and 10.9% of HCV patients, but not in control subjects (0%). It was related to RECK protein level, varices, edema, ascites, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, and the largest diameter of focal lesions. Meanwhile, it was not associated with focal lesion number nor distant metastasis of HCC. In conclusion, RECK gene promoter hypermethylation is linked to HCV genotype-4-related HCC. Moreover, different degrees of RECK gene promoter methylation are associated with serum RECK level, lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion, which could prove its pathogenic role in hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic HCV-infected patients.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Carcinogenesis/genetics ; Carcinogenesis/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA Methylation/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; GPI-Linked Proteins/blood ; GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus/genetics ; Hepacivirus/immunology ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/blood ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/blood ; Liver Neoplasms/complications ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics ; Lymphatic Metastasis/genetics ; Male ; Metalloproteases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Middle Aged ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
Chemical Substances	GPI-Linked Proteins ; RECK protein, human ; Metalloproteases (EC 3.4.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1410020-4
ISSN	1099-0461 ; 1095-6670
ISSN (online)	1099-0461
ISSN	1095-6670
DOI	10.1002/jbt.22886
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Zs.A 2201: Show issues

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Article: Clinicopathological Impact of Gene Polymorphism of Nephrin and Glucocorticoid Receptor Genes in Egyptian Children with Nonfamilial Nephrotic Syndrome.

El-Refaey, Ahmed M / Elsamanoudy, Ayman Z / Elmorsy, Zakarya / Gaber, Eman / Sarhan, Amr / Hammad, Aymman / Zedan, Mohamed M / Bakr, Ashraf

Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia

2022 Volume 32, Issue 6, Page(s) 1615–1627

Abstract: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most common primary glomerular diseases in children. In this study, we investigate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of nephrin gene and glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and ... ...

Abstract	Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most common primary glomerular diseases in children. In this study, we investigate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of nephrin gene and glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and susceptibility to develop NS and the response to steroid therapy in 100 Egyptian children with NS using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. We also analyzed the correlation between the genotypes and clinicopathologic features of the patients. Thirty-four patients (34%) were initial steroid nonresponders, renal biopsy findings of those patients were available, of which 22 (64.7%) showed minimal change NS and 12 (35.3%) had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The distribution of the genotypes was comparable between the patient and control groups, allele frequencies showed no significant difference between the patient's group and the control group. The genotypes showed no correlation with the age of onset of NS, initial steroid responsiveness, renal pathologic findings, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and serum albumin. However, 24-h protein in urine showed a significant association with the NR3C1 gene. These data suggested that the nephrin gene and NR3C1 gene SNPs do not affect the development of NS, initial steroid responsiveness, renal pathological lesion, eGFR, and serum albumin. However, 24-h protein in urine showed a significant association with the NR3C1 gene in Egyptian children with NS.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Egypt ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Nephrosis, Lipoid ; Nephrotic Syndrome/diagnosis ; Nephrotic Syndrome/drug therapy ; Nephrotic Syndrome/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics ; Serum Albumin ; Steroids
Chemical Substances	Membrane Proteins ; NR3C1 protein, human ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; Serum Albumin ; Steroids ; nephrin
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-16
Publishing country	Saudi Arabia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1379955-1
ISSN	1319-2442
ISSN	1319-2442
DOI	10.4103/1319-2442.352422
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Zs.A 4735: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial injury are critical molecular drivers of AlCl

Khalaf, Hanaa A / Elsamanoudy, Ayman Z / Abo-Elkhair, Salwa M / Hassan, Fatma E / Mohie, Passant M / Ghoneim, Fatma M

Histochemistry and cell biology

2022 Volume 158, Issue 1, Page(s) 97–121

Abstract: Aluminum, the third most plentiful metal in the Earth's crust, has potential for human exposure and harm. Oxidative stress plays an essential role in producing male infertility by inducing defects in sperm functions. We aimed to investigate the role of ... ...

Abstract	Aluminum, the third most plentiful metal in the Earth's crust, has potential for human exposure and harm. Oxidative stress plays an essential role in producing male infertility by inducing defects in sperm functions. We aimed to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial injury in the pathogenesis of aluminum chloride (AlCl
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Male ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Epididymis/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism ; Semen/metabolism ; Taurine/metabolism ; Taurine/pharmacology ; Testis/metabolism ; Vimentin/metabolism ; Rats
Chemical Substances	bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Taurine (1EQV5MLY3D) ; Vimentin
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-05
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1222930-1
ISSN	1432-119X ; 0301-5564 ; 0948-6143
ISSN (online)	1432-119X
ISSN	0301-5564 ; 0948-6143
DOI	10.1007/s00418-022-02111-2
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Article: The Protective Role of Prenatal Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplementation against Pancreatic Oxidative Damage in Offspring of Valproic Acid-Treated Rats: Histological and Molecular Study.

Ghoneim, Fatma M / Alrefai, Hani / Elsamanoudy, Ayman Z / Abo El-Khair, Salwa M / Khalaf, Hanaa A

Biology

2020 Volume 9, Issue 9

Abstract: Background: Sodium valproate (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug (AED) licensed for epilepsy and used during pregnancy in various indications. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural compound inducing endogenous antioxidant production. Our study aimed to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Sodium valproate (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug (AED) licensed for epilepsy and used during pregnancy in various indications. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural compound inducing endogenous antioxidant production. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal administration of VPA on the pancreas of rat offspring and assess the potential protective role of ALA co-administration during pregnancy. Methods: Twenty-eight pregnant female albino rats were divided into four groups: group I (negative control), group II (positive control, ALA treated), group III (VPA-treated), and group IV (VPA-ALA-treated). The pancreases of the rat offspring were removed at the fourth week postpartum and prepared for histological, immune-histochemical, morphometric, molecular, and oxidative stress marker studies. Results: In group III, there were pyknotic nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm with ballooning of acinar, α, and β cells of the pancreas. Ultrastructural degeneration of cytoplasmic organelles was detected. Additionally, there was a significant increase in oxidative stress, a decrease in insulin-positive cell percentage, and an increase in glucagon positive cells in comparison to control groups. Moreover, VPA increased the gene expression of an apoptotic marker, caspase-3, with a decrease in anti-apoptotic Bcl2 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcriptional factor. Conversely, ALA improved oxidative stress and apoptosis in group VI, and a consequent improvement of the histological and ultrastructure picture was detected. Conclusion: ALA co-administration with VPA significantly improved the oxidative stress condition, histological and morphometric picture of the pancreas, and restored normal expression of related genes, including Nrf2, caspase-3, and Bcl-2. Administration of α-lipoic acid has a protective effect against VPA-induced pancreatic oxidative damage via its cytoprotective antioxidant effect.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2661517-4
ISSN	2079-7737
ISSN	2079-7737
DOI	10.3390/biology9090239
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet for Improvement of Glycemic Control: Mechanism of Action of Ketosis and Beneficial Effects.

Sakr, Hussein F / Sirasanagandla, Srinivasa R / Das, Srijit / Bima, Abdulhadi I / Elsamanoudy, Ayman Z

Current diabetes reviews

2020 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) e110522204580

Abstract: The incidence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus is increasing globally. A diet rich in carbohydrates increases the hyperglycemic state. While considering the lifestyle changes to combat life-threatening diseases, there is an effort to decrease ... ...

Abstract	The incidence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus is increasing globally. A diet rich in carbohydrates increases the hyperglycemic state. While considering the lifestyle changes to combat life-threatening diseases, there is an effort to decrease the daily intake of carbohydrates. A low-carbohydrate diet also makes the body rely more on fat for energy, so there is less fat accumulation. A diet is considered to be low-carbohydrate ketogenic if the intake is ≤ 50 g per day. The 'low -carbohydrate ketogenic diet' (LCKD) produces ketosis. LCKD contains high-fat, moderateprotein, and low-carbohydrate components. The main objectives of the present review are to discuss insulin resistance in different viscera of the body, describe the role of adipokines in insulin resistance, understand the mechanism of ketogenesis, and determine the impact of LCKD in overcoming insulin resistance in the body. In the present review, we also highlight the beneficial effects of LCKD in metabolic, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and lipid disorders and discuss the effect on longevity and aging. LCKD may help in combating the morbidity and mortality arising from the above-mentioned diseases and also help in leading a better quality of life.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diet, Ketogenic ; Insulin Resistance ; Quality of Life ; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ; Ketone Bodies ; Ketosis ; Carbohydrates
Chemical Substances	Ketone Bodies ; Carbohydrates
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-29
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ISSN	1875-6417
ISSN (online)	1875-6417
DOI	10.2174/1573399818666220511121629
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Article: The Protective Role of Prenatal Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplementation against Pancreatic Oxidative Damage in Offspring of Valproic Acid-Treated Rats: Histological and Molecular Study

Ghoneim, Fatma M / Alrefai, Hani / Elsamanoudy, Ayman Z / Abo El-khair, Salwa M / Khalaf, Hanaa A

Biology. 2020 Aug. 20, v. 9, no. 9

2020

Abstract	Background: Sodium valproate (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug (AED) licensed for epilepsy and used during pregnancy in various indications. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural compound inducing endogenous antioxidant production. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal administration of VPA on the pancreas of rat offspring and assess the potential protective role of ALA co-administration during pregnancy. Methods: Twenty-eight pregnant female albino rats were divided into four groups: group I (negative control), group II (positive control, ALA treated), group III (VPA-treated), and group IV (VPA-ALA-treated). The pancreases of the rat offspring were removed at the fourth week postpartum and prepared for histological, immune-histochemical, morphometric, molecular, and oxidative stress marker studies. Results: In group III, there were pyknotic nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm with ballooning of acinar, α, and β cells of the pancreas. Ultrastructural degeneration of cytoplasmic organelles was detected. Additionally, there was a significant increase in oxidative stress, a decrease in insulin-positive cell percentage, and an increase in glucagon positive cells in comparison to control groups. Moreover, VPA increased the gene expression of an apoptotic marker, caspase-3, with a decrease in anti-apoptotic Bcl2 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcriptional factor. Conversely, ALA improved oxidative stress and apoptosis in group VI, and a consequent improvement of the histological and ultrastructure picture was detected. Conclusion: ALA co-administration with VPA significantly improved the oxidative stress condition, histological and morphometric picture of the pancreas, and restored normal expression of related genes, including Nrf2, caspase-3, and Bcl-2. Administration of α-lipoic acid has a protective effect against VPA-induced pancreatic oxidative damage via its cytoprotective antioxidant effect.
Keywords	albino ; anticonvulsants ; antioxidant activity ; antioxidants ; apoptosis ; caspase-3 ; cells ; epilepsy ; females ; genes ; glucagon ; histology ; lipoic acid ; morphometry ; organelles ; oxidative stress ; pancreas ; pregnancy ; progeny ; protective effect ; rats ; sodium ; transcription factors ; ultrastructure
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0820
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2661517-4
ISSN	2079-7737
ISSN	2079-7737
DOI	10.3390/biology9090239
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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