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  1. Article ; Online: Activity of Drug Combinations against Mycobacterium abscessus Grown in Aerobic and Hypoxic Conditions

    Alessio Lanni / Emanuele Borroni / Angelo Iacobino / Cristina Russo / Leonarda Gentile / Lanfranco Fattorini / Federico Giannoni

    Microorganisms, Vol 10, Iss 7, p

    2022  Volume 1421

    Abstract: Infections caused by Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab), an environmental non-tuberculous mycobacterium, are difficult to eradicate from patients with pulmonary diseases such as cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis even after years of antibiotic treatments. In ... ...

    Abstract Infections caused by Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab), an environmental non-tuberculous mycobacterium, are difficult to eradicate from patients with pulmonary diseases such as cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis even after years of antibiotic treatments. In these people, the low oxygen pressure in mucus and biofilm may restrict Mab growth from actively replicating aerobic (A) to non-replicating hypoxic (H) stages, which are known to be extremely drug-tolerant. After the exposure of Mab A and H cells to drugs, killing was monitored by measuring colony-forming units (CFU) and regrowth in liquid medium (MGIT 960) of 1-day-old A cells (A1) and 5-day-old H cells (H5). Mab killing was defined as a lack of regrowth of drug-exposed cells in MGIT tubes after >50 days of incubation. Out of 18 drugs tested, 14-day treatments with bedaquiline-amikacin (BDQ-AMK)-containing three-drug combinations were very active against A1 + H5 cells. However, drug-tolerant cells (persisters) were not killed, as shown by CFU curves with typical bimodal trends. Instead, 56-day treatments with the nitrocompounds containing combinations BDQ-AMK-rifabutin-clarithromycin-nimorazole and BDQ-AMK-rifabutin-clarithromycin-metronidazole-colistin killed all A1 + H5 Mab cells in 42 and 56 days, respectively, as shown by lack of regrowth in agar and MGIT medium. Overall, these data indicated that Mab persisters may be killed by appropriate drug combinations.
    Keywords Mycobacterium abscessus ; cystic fibrosis ; aerobiosis ; anaerobiosis ; nitrocompounds ; colistin ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: MIRU-VNTR Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Using QIAxcel Technology

    Vladyslav Nikolayevskyy / Alberto Trovato / Agnieszka Broda / Emanuele Borroni / Daniela Cirillo / Francis Drobniewski

    PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 3, p e

    A Multicentre Evaluation Study.

    2016  Volume 0149435

    Abstract: Molecular genotyping of M.tuberculosis is an important laboratory tool in the context of emerging drug resistant TB. The standard 24-loci MIRU-VNTR typing includes PCR amplification followed by the detection and sizing of PCR fragments using capillary ... ...

    Abstract Molecular genotyping of M.tuberculosis is an important laboratory tool in the context of emerging drug resistant TB. The standard 24-loci MIRU-VNTR typing includes PCR amplification followed by the detection and sizing of PCR fragments using capillary electrophoresis on automated sequencers or using agarose gels. The QIAxcel Advanced system might offer a cost-effective medium-throughput alternative.Performance characteristics of the QIAxcel Advanced platform for the standard 24 VNTR loci panel was evaluated at two centres on a total of 140 DNA specimens using automated capillary electrophoresis as a reference method. Additionally 4 hypervariable MIRU-VNTR loci were evaluated on 53 crude DNA extracts. The sizing accuracy, interlaboratory reproducibility and overall instrument's performance were assessed during the study.An overall concordance with the reference method was high reaching 98.5% and 97.6% for diluted genomic and crude DNA extracts respectively. 91.4% of all discrepancies were observed in fragments longer than 700bp. The concordance for hypervariable loci was lower except for locus 4120 (96.2%). The interlaboratory reproducibility agreement rates were 98.9% and 91.3% for standard and hypervariable loci, respectively. Overall performance of the QIAxcel platform for M.tuberculosis genotyping using a panel of standard loci is comparable to that of established methods for PCR fragments up to 700bp. Inaccuracies in sizing of longer fragments could be resolved through using in-house size markers or introduction of offset values. To conclude, the QiaXcel system could be considered an effective alternative to existing methods in smaller reference and regional laboratories offering good performance and shorter turnaround times.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 500
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Genomic analysis of cardiac surgery-associated Mycobacterium chimaera infections in Italy.

    Arash Ghodousi / Emanuele Borroni / Marta Peracchi / Giorgio Palù / Loredana Fallico / Mario Rassu / Vinicio Manfrin / Paola Mantegani / Vincenzina Monzillo / Riccardo Manganelli / Enrico Tortoli / Daniela Maria Cirillo

    PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 9, p e

    2020  Volume 0239273

    Abstract: One hundred and twenty-two Mycobacterium chimaera strains isolated in Italy from cardiac surgery-related patients, cardiac surgery-unrelated patients and from heater-cooler units, were submitted to whole-genome sequencing and to subsequent SNP analysis. ... ...

    Abstract One hundred and twenty-two Mycobacterium chimaera strains isolated in Italy from cardiac surgery-related patients, cardiac surgery-unrelated patients and from heater-cooler units, were submitted to whole-genome sequencing and to subsequent SNP analysis. All but one strains isolated from cardiac surgery-related patients belonged to Subgroup 1.1 (19/23) or Subgroup 1.8 (3/23). Only 28 out of 79 strains isolated from heater-cooler units belonged to groupings other than 1.1 and 1.8. The strains isolated from cardiac surgery-unrelated patients were instead distributed across the phylogenetic tree. Our data, the first on isolates from Italy, are in agreement with a recent large genomic study suggesting a common source, represented by strains belonging to Subgroups 1.1 and 1.8, of cardiac surgery-related Mycobacterium chimaera infections. The strains belonging to groupings other than 1.1 and 1.8 isolated from heather-cooler units evidently resulted from contaminations at hospital level and had no share in the Mycobacterium chimaera outbreak. One Mycobacterium chimaera strain investigated in this study proved distant from every previously known Mycobacterium chimaera Groups (1, 2, 3 and 4) and we propose to assign to a novel group, named "Group 5".
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: App-based symptoms screening with Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay used for active tuberculosis detection in migrants at point of arrivals in Italy

    Lucia Barcellini / Emanuele Borroni / Claudia Cimaglia / Enrico Girardi / Alberto Matteelli / Valentina Marchese / Giovanna Stancanelli / Ibrahim Abubakar / members of the E-Detect TB Consortium / Daniela Maria Cirillo

    PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 7, p e

    The E-DETECT TB intervention analysis.

    2019  Volume 0218039

    Abstract: BACKGROUND:From 2014 to 2017, the number of migrants who came to Italy via the Mediterranean route has reached an unprecedented level. The majority of refugees and migrants were rescued in the Central Mediterranean and disembarked at ports in the Sicily ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND:From 2014 to 2017, the number of migrants who came to Italy via the Mediterranean route has reached an unprecedented level. The majority of refugees and migrants were rescued in the Central Mediterranean and disembarked at ports in the Sicily region. Rapid on-spot active TB screening intervention at the point of arrival will cover most migrants arriving in EU and by detecting TB prevalent cases will limit further transmission of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Between November 2016 and December 2017 newly arrived migrants at point of arrivals in Sicily, were screened for active Tuberculosis using a smartphone application, followed in symptomatic individuals by fast molecular test, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, on collected sputum samples. RESULTS:In the study period 3787 migrants received a medical evaluation. Eight hundred and ninety-one (23.5%) reported at least one protocol-defined Tuberculosis symptom. Fifteen (2.7%) were positive to at least one microbiological test revealing a post-entry screening prevalence rate of 396 per 100.000 individuals screened (95% CI: 2.22-6.53). In logistic regression analysis, those with cough and at least one other symptom had an increased probability of testing positive compared to persons with symptoms other than cough. Whole-genome-sequencing demonstrate two separate cases of transmission. DISCUSSION:To our knowledge this study reports first-time results of an active TB case finding strategy based on on-spot symptom screening using a smartphone application, followed by fast molecular test on collected sputum samples. Our preliminary findings reveal a post-entry screening prevalence rate of 396 per 100.000 individuals screened (95% CI: 2.22-6.53).
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Mycobacterium sherrisii Pulmonary Disease, Burkina Faso

    Emanuele Borroni / Gisèle Badoum / Daniela Cirillo / Alberto Matteelli / Isidore Moyenga / Martial Ouedraogo / Alberto Roggi / Nuccia Saleri / Elisa Tagliani / Enrico Tortoli

    Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 21, Iss 11, Pp 2093-

    2015  Volume 2094

    Keywords Mycobacterium sherrisii ; NTM pulmonary disease ; MDR-TB ; multidrug-resistant tuberculosis ; Burkina Faso ; nontuberculous mycobacteria ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: High prevalence of shared international type 53 among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains in retreated patients from Côte d'Ivoire.

    Timothée Ouassa / Emanuele Borroni / Guillaume Yao Loukou / Hortense Faye-Kette / Jacquemin Kouakou / Hervé Menan / Daniela Maria Cirillo

    PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 9, p e

    2012  Volume 45363

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Genotyping methods are useful tools to provide information on tuberculosis epidemic. They can allow a better response from health authorities and the implementation of measures for tuberculosis control. This study aimed to identify the main ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Genotyping methods are useful tools to provide information on tuberculosis epidemic. They can allow a better response from health authorities and the implementation of measures for tuberculosis control. This study aimed to identify the main lineages and clades of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains circulating in Côte d'Ivoire. METHODS/MAIN FINDINGS: Strains isolated from sputum samples of patients ongoing retreatment from all the country were characterized by spoligotyping and by MIRU-VNTR. Profiles obtained by spoligotyping were first compared to the SITVIT/SpolDB4 database for family assignment. Of 194 strains analysed, 146 (75.3%) belonged to the T lineage. The most predominant spoligotype was the shared international type 53 with 135 strains (69.6%). In contrast with neighbouring countries, LAM (11 strains, 5.7%) and H (9 strains 4.6%) lineages were slightly represented. Only 3 Beijing strains (1.5%) and 4 strains of Mycobacterium africanum (2%) were found. Analysis of the results obtained with MIRU-VNTR revealed also a high level of clustering. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The population of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains among retreatment cases in Côte d'Ivoire exhibits a low diversity, allowing to assume recent transmission and locally based infection.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: High prevalence of clustered tuberculosis cases in Peruvian migrants in Florence, Italy

    Lorenzo Zammarchi / Enrico Tortoli / Emanuele Borroni / Filippo Bartalesi / Marianne Strohmeyer / Simonetta Baretti / Maria Tullia Simonetti / Carola Liendo / Maria Grazia Santini / Gian Maria Rossolini / Eduardo Gotuzzo / Alessandro Bartoloni

    Infectious Disease Reports, Vol 6, Iss

    2014  Volume 4

    Abstract: Tuberculosis is a leading cause of morbidity for Peruvian migrants in Florence, Italy, where they account for about 20% of yearly diagnosed cases. A retrospective study on cases notified in Peruvian residents in Florence in the period 2001-2010 was ... ...

    Abstract Tuberculosis is a leading cause of morbidity for Peruvian migrants in Florence, Italy, where they account for about 20% of yearly diagnosed cases. A retrospective study on cases notified in Peruvian residents in Florence in the period 2001-2010 was carried out and available Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were genotyped (MIRU-VNTR-24 and Spoligotyping). One hundred thirty eight cases were retrieved. Genotyping performed in 87 strains revealed that 39 (44.8%) belonged to 12 clusters. Assuming that in each cluster the transmission of tuberculosis from the index case took place in Florence, a large proportion of cases could be preventable by improving early diagnosis of contagious cases and contact tracing.
    Keywords tuberculosis ; immigrants ; migrants ; cluster ; epidemiology ; Peru ; Italy ; Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Molecular Epidemiology and Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated in Baghdad

    Ruqaya Mustafa Ali / Alberto Trovato / David Couvin / Amina N. Al-Thwani / Emanuele Borroni / Fahim H. Dhaer / Nalin Rastogi / Daniela M. Cirillo

    BioMed Research International, Vol

    2014  Volume 2014

    Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem in Iraq but the strains responsible for the epidemic have been poorly characterized. Our aim was to characterize the TB strains circulating in Bagdad (Iraq). A total of 270 Mycobacterium tuberculosis ... ...

    Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem in Iraq but the strains responsible for the epidemic have been poorly characterized. Our aim was to characterize the TB strains circulating in Bagdad (Iraq). A total of 270 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains isolated between 2010 and 2011 from TB patients attending the Center of Chest and Respiratory diseases in Baghdad were analyzed by Spoligotyping. The analysis indicated that 94.1% of the isolates belong to known genotype clades: CAS 39.6%, ill-defined T clade 29.6%, Manu 7.4%, Haarlem 7%, Ural 4.1%, LAM 3.3%, X 0.7%, LAM7-TUR 0.7%, EAI 0.7%, S 0.7%, and unknown 5.9%. Comparison with the international multimarker database SITVIT2 showed that SIT 309 (CAS1-Delhi) and SIT1144 (T1) were the most common types. In addition, 44 strains were included in SITVIT2 database under 16 new Spoligotype International Types (SITs); of these, 6 SITs (SIT3346, SIT3497, SIT3708, SIT3790, SIT3791, and SIT3800) (n = 32 strains) were created within the present study and 10 were created after a match with an orphan in the database. By using 24-loci MIRU-VNTR-typing on a subset of 110 samples we found a high recent transmission index (RTI) of 33.6%. In conclusion, we present the first unifying framework for both epidemiology and evolutionary analysis of M. tuberculosis in Iraq.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hindawi Limited
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Correction

    Delia Goletti / Stefania Carrara / Ornella Butera / Massimo Amicosante / Martin Ernst / Ilaria Sauzullo / Vincenzo Vullo / Daniela Cirillo / Emanuele Borroni / Roumiana Markova / Roumiana Drenska / José Dominguez / Irene Latorre / Claudio Angeletti / Assunta Navarra / Nicola Petrosillo / Francesco Nicola Lauria / Giuseppe Ippolito / Giovanni Battista Migliori /
    Christoph Lange / Enrico Girardi

    PLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss

    Accuracy of Immunodiagnostic Tests for Active Tuberculosis Using Single and Combined Results: A Multicenter TBNET-Study

    2009  Volume 6

    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Correction

    Delia Goletti / Stefania Carrara / Ornella Butera / Massimo Amicosante / Martin Ernst / Ilaria Sauzullo / Vincenzo Vullo / Daniela Cirillo / Emanuele Borroni / Roumiana Markova / Roumiana Drenska / José Dominguez / Irene Latorre / Claudio Angeletti / Assunta Navarra / Nicola Petrosillo / Francesco Nicola Lauria / Giuseppe Ippolito / Giovanni Battista Migliori /
    Christoph Lange / Enrico Girardi

    PLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss

    Accuracy of Immunodiagnostic Tests for Active Tuberculosis Using Single and Combined Results: A Multicenter TBNET-Study.

    2009  Volume 6

    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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