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  1. Article ; Online: Reclaimed and Up‐Cycled Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

    Dominika Gastol / Jean Marshall / Elizabeth Cooper / Claire Mitchell / David Burnett / Tengfei Song / Roberto Sommerville / Bethany Middleton / Mickey Crozier / Robert Smith / Sam Haig / Con Robert McElroy / Nick vanDijk / Paul Croft / Vannessa Goodship / Emma Kendrick

    Global Challenges, Vol 6, Iss 12, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)

    2022  

    Abstract: Abstract As electric vehicles become more widely used, there is a higher demand for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and hence a greater incentive to find better ways to recycle these at their end‐of‐life (EOL). This work focuses on the process of ... ...

    Abstract Abstract As electric vehicles become more widely used, there is a higher demand for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and hence a greater incentive to find better ways to recycle these at their end‐of‐life (EOL). This work focuses on the process of reclamation and re‐use of cathode material from LIBs. Black mass containing mixed LiMn2O4 and Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 from a Nissan Leaf pouch cell are recovered via two different recycling routes, shredding or disassembly. The waste material stream purity is compared for both processes, less aluminium and copper impurities are present in the disassembled waste stream. The reclaimed black mass is further treated to reclaim the transition metals in a salt solution, Ni, Mn, Co ratios are adjusted in order to synthesize an upcycled cathode, LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 via a co‐precipitation method. The two reclamation processes (disassembly and shredding) are evaluated based on the purity of the reclaimed material, the performance of the remanufactured cell, and the energy required for the complete process. The electrochemical performance of recycled material is comparable to that of as‐manufactured cathode material, indicating no detrimental effect of purified recycled transition metal content. This research represents an important step toward scalable approaches to the recycling of EOL cathode material in LIBs.
    Keywords disassembly ; Li‐ion batteries ; reclamation ; shredding ; up‐cycled cathode ; Technology ; T ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 650
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Financial viability of electric vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling

    Laura Lander / Tom Cleaver / Mohammad Ali Rajaeifar / Viet Nguyen-Tien / Robert J.R. Elliott / Oliver Heidrich / Emma Kendrick / Jacqueline Sophie Edge / Gregory Offer

    iScience, Vol 24, Iss 7, Pp 102787- (2021)

    2021  

    Abstract: Summary: Economically viable electric vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling is increasingly needed; however routes to profitability are still unclear. We present a comprehensive, holistic techno-economic model as a framework to directly compare recycling ...

    Abstract Summary: Economically viable electric vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling is increasingly needed; however routes to profitability are still unclear. We present a comprehensive, holistic techno-economic model as a framework to directly compare recycling locations and processes, providing a key tool for recycling cost optimization in an international battery recycling economy. We show that recycling can be economically viable, with cost/profit ranging from (−21.43 - +21.91) $·kWh−1 but strongly depends on transport distances, wages, pack design and recycling method. Comparing commercial battery packs, the Tesla Model S emerges as the most profitable, having low disassembly costs and high revenues for its cobalt. In-country recycling is suggested, to lower emissions and transportation costs and secure the materials supply chain. Our model thus enables identification of strategies for recycling profitability.
    Keywords electrochemical energy storage ; energy resources ; energy policy ; energy application ; energy systems ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: On the Solubility and Stability of Polyvinylidene Fluoride

    Jean E. Marshall / Anna Zhenova / Samuel Roberts / Tabitha Petchey / Pengcheng Zhu / Claire E. J. Dancer / Con R. McElroy / Emma Kendrick / Vannessa Goodship

    Polymers, Vol 13, Iss 1354, p

    2021  Volume 1354

    Abstract: This literature review covers the solubility and processability of fluoropolymer polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF). Fluoropolymers consist of a carbon backbone chain with multiple connected C–F bonds; they are typically nonreactive and nontoxic and have ... ...

    Abstract This literature review covers the solubility and processability of fluoropolymer polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF). Fluoropolymers consist of a carbon backbone chain with multiple connected C–F bonds; they are typically nonreactive and nontoxic and have good thermal stability. Their processing, recycling and reuse are rapidly becoming more important to the circular economy as fluoropolymers find widespread application in diverse sectors including construction, automotive engineering and electronics. The partially fluorinated polymer PVDF is in strong demand in all of these areas; in addition to its desirable inertness, which is typical of most fluoropolymers, it also has a high dielectric constant and can be ferroelectric in some of its crystal phases. However, processing and reusing PVDF is a challenging task, and this is partly due to its limited solubility. This review begins with a discussion on the useful properties and applications of PVDF, followed by a discussion on the known solvents and diluents of PVDF and how it can be formed into membranes. Finally, we explore the limitations of PVDF’s chemical and thermal stability, with a discussion on conditions under which it can degrade. Our aim is to provide a condensed overview that will be of use to both chemists and engineers who need to work with PVDF.
    Keywords polyvinylidene fluoride ; green chemistry ; polymer processing ; circular economy ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Operando visualisation of battery chemistry in a sodium-ion battery by 23Na magnetic resonance imaging

    Joshua M. Bray / Claire L. Doswell / Galina E. Pavlovskaya / Lin Chen / Brij Kishore / Heather Au / Hande Alptekin / Emma Kendrick / Maria-Magdalena Titirici / Thomas Meersmann / Melanie M. Britton

    Nature Communications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 10

    Abstract: Na-ion batteries offer multiple advantages, but there is a critical need for improved materials and understanding of sodiation mechanisms. Here the authors deploy operando 23Na magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to observe sodium battery ... ...

    Abstract Na-ion batteries offer multiple advantages, but there is a critical need for improved materials and understanding of sodiation mechanisms. Here the authors deploy operando 23Na magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to observe sodium battery chemistry and dendrite formation, enabling new insight.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Operando visualisation of battery chemistry in a sodium-ion battery by 23Na magnetic resonance imaging

    Joshua M. Bray / Claire L. Doswell / Galina E. Pavlovskaya / Lin Chen / Brij Kishore / Heather Au / Hande Alptekin / Emma Kendrick / Maria-Magdalena Titirici / Thomas Meersmann / Melanie M. Britton

    Nature Communications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 10

    Abstract: Na-ion batteries offer multiple advantages, but there is a critical need for improved materials and understanding of sodiation mechanisms. Here the authors deploy operando 23Na magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to observe sodium battery ... ...

    Abstract Na-ion batteries offer multiple advantages, but there is a critical need for improved materials and understanding of sodiation mechanisms. Here the authors deploy operando 23Na magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to observe sodium battery chemistry and dendrite formation, enabling new insight.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  6. Article ; Online: 3D microstructure design of lithium-ion battery electrodes assisted by X-ray nano-computed tomography and modelling

    Xuekun Lu / Antonio Bertei / Donal P. Finegan / Chun Tan / Sohrab R. Daemi / Julia S. Weaving / Kieran B. O’Regan / Thomas M. M. Heenan / Gareth Hinds / Emma Kendrick / Dan J. L. Brett / Paul R. Shearing

    Nature Communications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 13

    Abstract: The 3D microstructure of the electrode predominantly determines the electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries. Here, the authors show that the microstructural heterogeneities lead to non-uniform Li insertion and current distribution while graded- ... ...

    Abstract The 3D microstructure of the electrode predominantly determines the electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries. Here, the authors show that the microstructural heterogeneities lead to non-uniform Li insertion and current distribution while graded-microstructures improve the performance.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  7. Article ; Online: 3D microstructure design of lithium-ion battery electrodes assisted by X-ray nano-computed tomography and modelling

    Xuekun Lu / Antonio Bertei / Donal P. Finegan / Chun Tan / Sohrab R. Daemi / Julia S. Weaving / Kieran B. O’Regan / Thomas M. M. Heenan / Gareth Hinds / Emma Kendrick / Dan J. L. Brett / Paul R. Shearing

    Nature Communications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 13

    Abstract: The 3D microstructure of the electrode predominantly determines the electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries. Here, the authors show that the microstructural heterogeneities lead to non-uniform Li insertion and current distribution while graded- ... ...

    Abstract The 3D microstructure of the electrode predominantly determines the electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries. Here, the authors show that the microstructural heterogeneities lead to non-uniform Li insertion and current distribution while graded-microstructures improve the performance.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

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