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Article: Perceptions of the rape crisis in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: A community-based approach using an opportunistic design.

Koya, Mapendo M / Mpinga, Emmanuel K

2023 Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 42–56

Abstract: For almost three decades, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has experienced cycles of armed conflict, particularly in the east. During these conflicts, systematic rape has been used as a weapon of war to break women and communities. Knowledge ... ...

Abstract	For almost three decades, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has experienced cycles of armed conflict, particularly in the east. During these conflicts, systematic rape has been used as a weapon of war to break women and communities. Knowledge produced about this phenomenon to date relates to the epidemiology, aetiology and the consequences of these rapes, particularly on survivors in care institutions, thus ignoring the impact this phenomenon has on the communities. Our survey aims to investigate the extent to which women from the Orientale, North Kivu and South Kivu provinces have experienced rape, as well as their perceptions regarding its frequency, characteristics, and repercussions for/on victims in their communities. From a sample of 1483 women, more than 99% had directly or indirectly experienced rape, on at least five occasions in three-quarters of cases. In their experience, a large proportion of the rapes took place at the victims' homes in the presence of family members and were perpetrated by members of military or paramilitary groups. Frequent health problems (several possibilities) reported include: bleeding (40.8%), pain (23.9%); unwanted pregnancies/abortions (23.4%), urogenital problems including STD (12.0%). Concerning mental health, they reported fear and anxiety (56.3%), depression and suicidal thoughts (16.8 %), insomnia (5.3%); 94.7% reported feelings of humiliation and shame and 6.9% social exclusion and stigmatization. Support for victims comes largely from NGOs (47.6%), families (27.1%) and Churches (14.3%). This is a major cultural, economic, political, human rights, and public health problem, which the authorities and international community must commit to tackling.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Rape/psychology ; Democratic Republic of the Congo/epidemiology ; Warfare ; Family/psychology ; Fear ; Sex Offenses/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-16
Publishing country	Nigeria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2111906-5
ISSN	1118-4841
ISSN	1118-4841
DOI	10.29063/ajrh2022/v26i4.5
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Analysis of Patulin in Apple Products Marketed in Belgium

Emmanuel K. Tangni / Julien Masquelier / Els Van Hoeck

Toxins, Vol 15, Iss 368, p

Intra-Laboratory Validation Study and Occurrence

2023 Volume 368

Abstract: Apple and apple derivatives (e.g., juices, puree) are the most important foodstuffs contaminated with patulin (PAT) in the human diet. To routinely monitor these foodstuffs and ensure that the PAT levels are below the maximum permitted levels, a method ... ...

Abstract	Apple and apple derivatives (e.g., juices, puree) are the most important foodstuffs contaminated with patulin (PAT) in the human diet. To routinely monitor these foodstuffs and ensure that the PAT levels are below the maximum permitted levels, a method using liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed. Afterwards, the method was successfully validated, reaching quantification limits of 1.2 μg/L for apple juice and cider, and 2.1 μg/kg for puree. Recovery experiments were performed with samples fortified with PAT in the range of 25–75 μg/L for juice/cider and 25–75 μg/kg for puree. The results show overall average recovery rates of 85% (RSD r = 13.1%) and 86% (RSD r = 2.6%) with maximum extended uncertainty (U max , k = 2) of 34 and 35% for apple juice/cider and puree, respectively. Next, the validated method was applied to 103 juices, 42 purees and 10 ciders purchased on the Belgian market in 2021. PAT was not found in the cider samples, but it was present in 54.4% of the tested apple juices (up to 191.1 μg/L) and 7.1% of the puree samples (up to 35.9 μg/kg). When comparing the results to the maximum levels set by Regulation EC n° 1881/2006 (i.e., 50 μg/L for juices and 25 μg/kg for puree for adults, and 10 μg/kg for infants and young children), exceedances were observed in five apple juices and one puree sample, for infants and young children. Using these data, a potential risk assessment for consumers can be suggested, and it is found that the quality of apple juices and purees sold in Belgium needs further regular surveillance.
Keywords	mycotoxins ; patulin ; apple ; juices ; puree ; Belgium ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Peak-time sensitivity kernels for noise cross-correlation envelopes.

Cornuelle, Bruce D / Skarsoulis, Emmanuel K

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

2022 Volume 151, Issue 4, Page(s) 2353

Abstract: The envelope of the time-lagged cross-correlation of an underwater noise field between two hydrophones can under certain conditions be used as a proxy for active acoustic receptions between the two locations enabling the study of ocean variability. ... ...

Abstract	The envelope of the time-lagged cross-correlation of an underwater noise field between two hydrophones can under certain conditions be used as a proxy for active acoustic receptions between the two locations enabling the study of ocean variability. Previous work looked at the sensitivity of cross-correlation peak amplitudes with respect to the distribution of the noise sources. The present study examines the sensitivity of the cross-correlation envelope peak times with respect to changes in the sound-speed distribution. A wave-theoretic scheme allowing for finite-frequency calculations in two and three dimensions, combined with the Born approximation for perturbations of the Green's function and the peak arrival approach, is used to obtain sensitivity kernels with respect to environmental (sound-speed) changes. These kernels provide a way to infer ocean structure from the cross-correlation peaks, considered as observables on their own and valid even in cases where the cross-correlation function does not approximate the time-domain Green's function between the two receivers. The sensitivity behavior is studied for different propagation conditions and noise-source distributions, ranging from spatially distributed uncorrelated noise sources to point sources, such as individual ships. Deviations from linearity are addressed and discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219231-7
ISSN	1520-8524 ; 0001-4966
ISSN (online)	1520-8524
ISSN	0001-4966
DOI	10.1121/10.0010044
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Article: A systematic review of academic performance of Children with Disabilities (CWDs) in inclusive education schools in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs).

Adjei, Evelyn Serwaa / Osei, Ernest / Edusei, Anthony K / Nakua, Emmanuel K

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) e25216

Abstract: Globally it is estimated that about 150 million children are living with disabilities. Inclusive education inspires the participation of all students in the learning process in the same classroom. However, it is really difficult to find thorough, ... ...

Abstract	Globally it is estimated that about 150 million children are living with disabilities. Inclusive education inspires the participation of all students in the learning process in the same classroom. However, it is really difficult to find thorough, credible accounts of disabled children's access to education, enrolment, attendance, and results. This review evaluated academic performance, including access to school, enrolment, attendance, and results of Children with disabilities (CWD) in LMICs. In reporting this systematic review, the researchers followed the recommended Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) reporting standards. The authors conducted searches using Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar electronic databases. The study's major findings indicate that CWDs in inclusive schools perform poorly academically compared to their non-disabled peers. Consequently, the researchers recommend more primary research to evaluate the academic performance of CWDs and the progress of inclusive education in LMICs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25216
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Article ; Online: Enhanced Pulsed-Source Localization with 3 Hydrophones

Despoina Pavlidi / Emmanuel K. Skarsoulis

Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 1817, p

Uncertainty Estimates

2021 Volume 1817

Abstract: The uncertainty behavior of an enhanced three-dimensional (3D) localization scheme for pulsed sources based on relative travel times at a large-aperture three-hydrophone array is studied. The localization scheme is an extension of a two-hydrophone ... ...

Abstract	The uncertainty behavior of an enhanced three-dimensional (3D) localization scheme for pulsed sources based on relative travel times at a large-aperture three-hydrophone array is studied. The localization scheme is an extension of a two-hydrophone localization approach based on time differences between direct and surface-reflected arrivals, an approach with significant advantages, but also drawbacks, such as left-right ambiguity, high range/depth uncertainties for broadside sources, and high bearing uncertainties for endfire sources. These drawbacks can be removed by adding a third hydrophone. The 3D localization problem is separated into two, a range/depth estimation problem, for which only the hydrophone depths are needed, and a bearing estimation problem, if the hydrophone geometry in the horizontal is known as well. The refraction of acoustic paths is taken into account using ray theory. The condition for existence of surface-reflected arrivals can be relaxed by considering arrivals with an upper turning point, allowing for localization at longer ranges. A Bayesian framework is adopted, allowing for the estimation of localization uncertainties. Uncertainty estimates are obtained through analytic predictions and simulations and they are compared against two-hydrophone localization uncertainties as well as against two-dimensional localization that is based on direct arrivals.
Keywords	source localization ; Bayesian inversion ; uncertainty quantification ; ray theory ; travel times ; Science ; Q
Subject code	621
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Developing ethical standards for dissemination and implementation research: a roadmap for consensus and guidance.

Tetteh, Emmanuel K / Geng, Elvin H / Huffman, Mark D

Implementation science communications

2023 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 132

Abstract: Background: As a relatively new field, dissemination and implementation research has not been included as a separate study design category for ethical consideration compared with clinical and social/behavioral research, yet it should be based on unique ... ...

Abstract	Background: As a relatively new field, dissemination and implementation research has not been included as a separate study design category for ethical consideration compared with clinical and social/behavioral research, yet it should be based on unique study designs, targets of intervention, and corresponding risks. Main text: Research teams conducting dissemination and implementation research have raised important questions related to the responsible conduct of research such as collecting informed consent, site monitoring, identifying and mitigating risks of unintended consequences, and adverse event ascertainment and reporting in dissemination and implementation research. In this commentary, we highlight the need for guidance and consensus standards on ethical issues in dissemination and implementation research and describe some ethical domains and relevant questions in dissemination and implementation research. Additionally, we propose a process for conceptual development and a research agenda to create consensus standards for the responsible conduct of research for dissemination and implementation research. Conclusion: Thorough research is needed to understand the depth of ethical issues in dissemination and implementation research. A consensus-seeking process will be needed to develop new bioethical standards that carefully identify, measure, and mitigate unintended consequences in dissemination and implementation research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ISSN	2662-2211
ISSN (online)	2662-2211
DOI	10.1186/s43058-023-00514-3
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Article ; Online: The value of pre-symptomatic genetic risk assessment for age-related macular degeneration: the Moran AMD Genetic Testing Assessment (MAGENTA) study-a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Addo, Emmanuel K / Hartnett, M Elizabeth / Bernstein, Paul S

Trials

2023 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 414

Abstract: Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an irreversible blinding eye condition with complex genetic and environmental etiologies. Genetic testing for AMD for previously identified multiple-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms can help ... ...

Abstract	Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an irreversible blinding eye condition with complex genetic and environmental etiologies. Genetic testing for AMD for previously identified multiple-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms can help determine an individual's future susceptibility. However, such testing has been discouraged until evidence shows that providing such information to symptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals will alter their disease course. Therefore, we designed this study to investigate whether knowledge of AMD risk could stimulate the adoption of a healthier lifestyle that could lower the incidence of AMD later in life. We hypothesize that pre-symptomatic individuals informed of a high genetic risk of AMD are more likely to make quantifiable, positive lifestyle changes relative to participants informed of lower genetic risk or randomized to deferred disclosure of genetic testing results. Methods: The Moran AMD Genetic Testing Assessment (MAGENTA) study is a phase 2, single-center, prospective, double-masked, randomized controlled trial conducted at the John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Participants are randomized by a 3:1 allocation ratio to immediate and deferred disclosure groups and followed for 12 months. Skin, ocular, and serum carotenoid status, as well as nutritional and social surveys, are assessed at study visits. Skin carotenoid assessment is by resonance Raman spectroscopy and reflectance spectroscopy, ocular carotenoids are measured with Heidelberg Spectralis autofluorescence imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO), and serum carotenoids are quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The primary outcome evaluates changes in skin carotenoid status in response to genetic risk disclosure. The secondary outcomes examine changes in ocular and serum carotenoid status in response to genetic risk disclosure. Also, we will correlate AMD genetic risk with baseline ocular and systemic carotenoid status and FLIO. Discussion: MAGENTA will provide much-needed evidence on whether pre-symptomatic testing for AMD risk can lead to quantifiable long-term changes in behavior and lifestyle associated with a lower incidence of AMD later in life. Findings from the MAGENTA trial will facilitate the design of a future larger, longer-term, multicenter phase 3 trial that could feature subgroup analysis, expanded measures of lifestyle modification, and potential active nutritional interventions. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05265624 . Registered on March 3, 2022.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lutein ; Rosaniline Dyes ; Prospective Studies ; Dietary Supplements ; Zeaxanthins ; Macular Degeneration/diagnosis ; Macular Degeneration/genetics ; Carotenoids ; Risk Assessment ; Genetic Testing ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic ; Multicenter Studies as Topic
Chemical Substances	Lutein (X72A60C9MT) ; Rosaniline Dyes ; Zeaxanthins ; Carotenoids (36-88-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2040523-6
ISSN	1745-6215 ; 1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
ISSN (online)	1745-6215
ISSN	1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
DOI	10.1186/s13063-023-07436-4
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Article ; Online: Analysis of Patulin in Apple Products Marketed in Belgium: Intra-Laboratory Validation Study and Occurrence.

Tangni, Emmanuel K / Masquelier, Julien / Van Hoeck, Els

Toxins

2023 Volume 15, Issue 6

Abstract	Apple and apple derivatives (e.g., juices, puree) are the most important foodstuffs contaminated with patulin (PAT) in the human diet. To routinely monitor these foodstuffs and ensure that the PAT levels are below the maximum permitted levels, a method using liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed. Afterwards, the method was successfully validated, reaching quantification limits of 1.2 μg/L for apple juice and cider, and 2.1 μg/kg for puree. Recovery experiments were performed with samples fortified with PAT in the range of 25-75 μg/L for juice/cider and 25-75 μg/kg for puree. The results show overall average recovery rates of 85% (RSD
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Infant ; Adult ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Patulin/analysis ; Malus/chemistry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Belgium ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Beverages/analysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Chemical Substances	Patulin (95X2BV4W8R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518395-3
ISSN	2072-6651 ; 2072-6651
ISSN (online)	2072-6651
ISSN	2072-6651
DOI	10.3390/toxins15060368
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Article ; Online: Smallholder cashew production and household livelihoods in the transition zone of Ghana

Patrick Ateah Yeboah / Bismarck Yelfogle Guba / Emmanuel K. Derbile

Geo: Geography and Environment, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

2023

Abstract: Abstract Although the adoption of cash crops among smallholder farmers is meant to increase the commercialisation and profitability of agriculture, it is still unclear if cashew farmers are better off or worst off from cashew farming in Sub‐Saharan ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Although the adoption of cash crops among smallholder farmers is meant to increase the commercialisation and profitability of agriculture, it is still unclear if cashew farmers are better off or worst off from cashew farming in Sub‐Saharan Africa. The study investigated the overall effects of cashew production on household livelihoods among smallholder farmers in the Transitional Zone of Ghana. The study employed a mixed research methods design for data collection and analysis. These methods included focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), and a survey of 239 cashew‐farming households. The results revealed both positive and negative outcomes for farmers and their households. First, the positive outcomes included increased income, enhanced social status, improved food and nutrition, housing and education. Second, the negative outcomes included increased theft, high cost of goods and services, high cost of living, and a rise in physical health problems among farmers. The study concludes that, overall, cashew farmers and their households experienced improved livelihoods despite the negative effects arising from cashew farming. To maximise the livelihood outcomes of smallholder cashew farmers, we underscore the importance of a multi‐stakeholder approach to development planning that promotes innovations in training, extension support, and sound financial and business management.
Keywords	cashew production ; Ghana ; household livelihood ; livelihood outcome ; smallholder farmers ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geography (General) ; G1-922
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The value of pre-symptomatic genetic risk assessment for age-related macular degeneration

Emmanuel K. Addo / M. Elizabeth Hartnett / Paul S. Bernstein

Trials, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-

the Moran AMD Genetic Testing Assessment (MAGENTA) study—a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

2023 Volume 15

Abstract: Abstract Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an irreversible blinding eye condition with complex genetic and environmental etiologies. Genetic testing for AMD for previously identified multiple-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms can ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an irreversible blinding eye condition with complex genetic and environmental etiologies. Genetic testing for AMD for previously identified multiple-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms can help determine an individual’s future susceptibility. However, such testing has been discouraged until evidence shows that providing such information to symptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals will alter their disease course. Therefore, we designed this study to investigate whether knowledge of AMD risk could stimulate the adoption of a healthier lifestyle that could lower the incidence of AMD later in life. We hypothesize that pre-symptomatic individuals informed of a high genetic risk of AMD are more likely to make quantifiable, positive lifestyle changes relative to participants informed of lower genetic risk or randomized to deferred disclosure of genetic testing results. Methods The Moran AMD Genetic Testing Assessment (MAGENTA) study is a phase 2, single-center, prospective, double-masked, randomized controlled trial conducted at the John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Participants are randomized by a 3:1 allocation ratio to immediate and deferred disclosure groups and followed for 12 months. Skin, ocular, and serum carotenoid status, as well as nutritional and social surveys, are assessed at study visits. Skin carotenoid assessment is by resonance Raman spectroscopy and reflectance spectroscopy, ocular carotenoids are measured with Heidelberg Spectralis autofluorescence imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO), and serum carotenoids are quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The primary outcome evaluates changes in skin carotenoid status in response to genetic risk disclosure. The secondary outcomes examine changes in ocular and serum carotenoid status in response to genetic risk disclosure. Also, we will correlate AMD genetic risk with baseline ocular and systemic carotenoid ...
Keywords	Carotenoids ; Age-related macular degeneration ; Genetic testing ; Immediate and deferred disclosure ; Lutein and zeaxanthin ; Lifestyle modification ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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